2022届甘肃省临夏回族自治州高三一模英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

第1页/共1页临夏回族自治州2022届高三模拟考试英语本试卷共12页,满分120分,考试用时100分钟。注意事项:1.本试卷由三个部分组成。其中,第一部分和第二部分的第一节为选择题。第二部分的第二节和第三部分为非选择题。2.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考场号、座位号考生号填写在答题卡上。3.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AArtistswithaGreenMessageChrisJordanPhotographicartistChrisJordantakespicturesofordinaryobjectslikebottlecaps,lightbulbsandaluminumcansandturnsthemintoartbydigitallyrearrangingthemtoconstructonecentralimage.However,it’sthetinypiecesthatdrivehomethenenvironmentalmessage.Forexample,his2008work“PlasticCups”shows1millionplasticcups,thenumberusedonairlineflightsintheU.S.everysixhours.NeleAzevedoVisualartistNeleAzevedoisbestknownforher“MeltingMen”interventionsthatshestagesincitiesacrosstheglobe.Azevedocarvesthousandsofsmallfiguresfortowatchthemmelt.HericeSculpturesaremeanttoquestiontheroleofmonumentsincities,butAzevedosaysshe’sgladherartcanalso“speakofurgentmattersthatthreatenourexistenceonthisplanet.”AgnesDenesOneofthepioneersofenvironmentalartandconceptualart,AgnesDenesisbestknownforherlandartproject,“Wheatfield-AConfrontation.”InMay1982,Denesplantedatwo-acrewheatfieldinManhattanonBatteryParkLandfill.Thelandwasclearedofrocksandgarbagebyhand.Denesharvestedmorethan1,000poundsofwheatShesaysherworksare“intendedtohelptheenvironmentandbenefitfuturegenerationswithameaningfullegacy.”JohnFeknerJohnFeknerisknownforhisstreetartandthemorethan300conceptualworks.Fekner’sarttypicallyconsistsofwordsorsymbolsspraypaintedonwalls,buildingsandotherstructuresthathighlightsocialorenvironmentalissues.Hisstenciled(用模板印的)message,“WheelsOverIndianTrails,“waspaintedonthePulaskiBridgeQueensMidtownTunnelin1979.Itremainedtherefor11yearsuntilEarthDay1990，whenFeknerpaintedoverit.1.WhatkindofartisChrisJordanknownfor?A.Photographicart. B.Visualart.C.Conceptualart. D.Streetart.2.Whichworksprobablyreflectstheeffectofglobalwarmthonourexistence?A.PlasticCups. B.MeltingMen.C.Wheatfield-AConfrontation. D.WheelsOverIndianTrails.3.Whogrewwheatinalandfill?A.ChrisJordan. B.NeleAzevedo.C.AgnesDenes. D.JohnFekner.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位和环保相关的艺术家。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ChrisJordan中的“PhotographicartistChrisJordantakespicturesofordinaryobjectslikebottlecaps,lightbulbsandaluminumcansandturnsthemintoartbydigitallyrearrangingthemtoconstructonecentralimage.(摄影艺术家克里斯·乔丹拍摄瓶盖、灯泡和铝罐等普通物体的照片，并通过数字重新排列它们，形成一个中心图像，将它们变成艺术。)”可知ChrisJordan因摄影艺术出名，故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据NeleAzevedo中的“VisualartistNeleAzevedoisbestknownforher“MeltingMen”interventionsthatshestagesincitiesacrosstheglobe.Azevedocarvesthousandsofsmallfiguresfortowatchthemmelt.HericeSculpturesaremeanttoquestiontheroleofmonumentsincities,butAzevedosaysshe’sgladherartcanalso“speakofurgentmattersthatthreatenourexistenceonthisplanet.”(视觉艺术家奈莉·阿泽维多最著名的作品是她在全球各地城市举办的“融化的人”干预活动。阿泽维多雕刻了数千个小雕像，只为观看它们融化。她的冰雕旨在质疑城市中纪念碑的作用，但阿泽维多说，她很高兴她的艺术也可以“谈论威胁我们在这个星球上生存的紧迫问题”。)”可推断Azevedo的作品“MeltingMen”反映了全球变暖对我们生存的影响。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据AgnesDenes中的“InMay1982,Denesplantedatwo-acrewheatfieldinManhattanonBatteryParkLandfill.(1982年5月，丹尼斯在曼哈顿的炮台公园垃圾填埋场种下了一块两英亩的麦田。)”可知AgnesDenes在垃圾填埋场种小麦，故选C。BMichaelstandsinacirclewiththeotherboys.AtthecenterofitisCoachDaver,aformercollegewrestler,nowwrestlingcoach.“Ihonestlybelieveeachkidcanwineverymatch,”CoachDavesays.“AndItellthemthat.”Thementalstrengthgainedfromacoachisasimportantasphysicalstrength.AndMichaelsoakeditup.Asafreshman,Michaellosthalfofhismatches,butthenextyearthepracticebegantopayoff,“Itfinallyjustclicks,”Michaelsays.“Youwalkontothemat,andyouknowyou’regoingtowin.WhenCoachDavetellsyouhowyouaregoingtobeatanopponent,youjustgooutanddoit.”AtatournamentinReno,MichaelwasrankednationallyandfacedawrestlerfromtheMidwestrankedafewspotsabovehim.Inthefinalsecondsofthematch,aheadbyonepoint,Michaelclungtotheleadwhilehisopponentclungtohisankle,tryingtogetatakedown.Michaelwashoppinghiswayoutofthecircletogainarestart.It’stheeasywayout,likeaboxerduckingoutoftheringtogetabreatherandpreservealead.Withhisbacktohisopponent,hetookonemorestep.Theopponentgrabbedtheotherankle,andMichaelwentdown,Twopoints.Matchover.After.match,Daveaskedonequestion,“Areyougoingtorunawayfromchallengesinlifeorturnandfacethem?”Michaelknewexactlywhathe’ddonewrong-andthatitcouldbecomealifelongflawifhedidn’tcorrectit.Allhehadtodowasturnintohisopponentandcounterattack.“You’llbeathimnexttime,”CoachDavesaid.EventuallyMichaelwonthetournamentandwonalotofmatchesthatyear,buttheencouragementfromDaveiswherehelearnedthemost.“Whensomeonebelievesinyoulikethat,youknowyoucandoit,”Michaelsays,“IoftenhearCoachDavewhenI’mintoughsituations.‘Noexcuses,justdoit.’Thatencouragementhasbeenmyguide.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“soakeditup”inParagraph2mean?A.Gotachance. B.Fullyunderstoodit.C.Ateitup. D.Builtitup.5.WhathappenedtoMichaelinthetournamentinReno?A.Heescapedfromthematch. B.Helostthematch.C.Hebeathisopponent. D.Hegaveupthematch.6.WhatdidMichaellearnfromhiscoach?A.Believinginyourself. B.Correctingyourmistakes.C.Acceptingyourweaknesses. D.Takingrisksandfall.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDaveasacoach?A.Caring. B.Humorous. C.Inspiring. D.Generous.【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了教练戴夫相信每个孩子都能赢得比赛，他的鼓励给迈克尔以及孩子们巨大的力量。迈克尔体会到从教练那里获得的精神力量与体力一样重要。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Thementalstrengthgainedfromacoachisasimportantasphysicalstrength.AndMichaelsoakeditup.Asafreshman,Michaellosthalfofhismatches,butthenextyearthepracticebegantopayoff,(从教练那里获得的精神力量和体力一样重要。迈克尔soakeditup。大一的时候，迈克尔输掉了一半的比赛，但第二年，训练开始有了回报)”可知，迈克尔充分理解了从教练那里获得的精神力量与体力一样重要，所以第二年，他有了胜利的信念，训练有了回报，推测划线短语表示“完全理解”，与fullyunderstoodit同义。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inthefinalsecondsofthematch,aheadbyonepoint,Michaelclungtotheleadwhilehisopponentclungtohisankle,tryingtogetatakedown.(在比赛的最后几秒，迈克尔领先一分，紧紧抓住领先优势，而对手紧紧抓住他的脚踝，试图扳倒比分)”以及“Withhisbacktohisopponent,hetookonemorestep.Theopponentgrabbedtheotherankle,andMichaelwentdown,Twopoints.Matchover.(背对着对手，他又迈出了一步。对手抓住另一只脚踝，迈克尔摔倒了，两分。比赛结束)”可知，在迈克尔领先一分的情况下，他被对手抓住了脚踝，输了两分，比赛结束，所以迈克尔输掉了比赛。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段““Whensomeonebelievesinyoulikethat,youknowyoucandoit,”Michaelsays,“IoftenhearCoachDavewhenI’mintoughsituations.‘Noexcuses,justdoit.’Thatencouragementhasbeenmyguide.”(“当有人这样相信你时，你知道你可以做到，”迈克尔说，“我经常听到戴夫教练在我处境艰难时说的话。‘没有借口，就去做。’这种鼓励一直是我的指南。”)”可知，迈克尔从教练那里学会了要相信自己。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段““Ihonestlybelieveeachkidcanwineverymatch,”CoachDavesays.“AndItellthemthat.”(戴夫教练说：“我真的相信每个孩子都能赢得每一场比赛。”。“我告诉他们这些。”)”以及倒数第二段““You’llbeathimnexttime,”CoachDavesaid.(“下次你会打败他的，”戴夫教练说)”可知，教练总是在鼓励孩子们，鼓励迈克尔，使得取得成功，由此可推知，戴夫教练是一位鼓舞人心的教练。故选C项。CScientistswhostudyglaciericehavefoundvirusesnearly15,000yearsoldintwoicesamplestakenfromtheTibetanPlateauinChina.Mostofthoseviruses,whichsurvivedbecausetheyhadremainedfrozen,areunlikeanyvirusesthathavebeencatalogedtodate.Forthisstudy,thescientistscreatedanewmethodofanalyzingmicrobesandvirusesinicewithoutpollutingit.Theresearchersanalyzedicecorestakenin2015fromtheGuliyaicecapinwesternChina.Thecoresarecollectedathighaltitudes—thesummitofGuliya,wherethisiceoriginated,is22,000feetabovesealevel,Theicecorescontainlayersoficethataccumulateyearafteryear,trappingwhateverwasintheatmospherearoundthematthetimeeachlayerfroze.Thoselayerscreateatimelineofsorts,whichscientistshaveusedtounderstandmoreaboutclimatechange,microbes,virusesandgasesthroughouthistory.Whentheyanalyzedtheice,theyfoundgeneticcodesfor33viruses.Fourofthoseviruseshavealreadybeenidentifiedbythescientificcommunity.Butatleast28ofthemarenovel.Abouthalfofthemseemedtohavesurvivedatthetimetheywerefrozen.“Theseviruseshavesignaturesofgenesthathelptheminfectcellsincoldenvironments.Thesearenoteasysignaturestopullout,andthenewlydevelopedmethodcouldhelpussearchforthesegeneticsequences(序列)inotherextremeicyenvironments—Mars,forexample,themoon,orclosertohomeinEarth’sAtacamaDesert,”saidMatthewSullivan,co-authorofthestudy.Thestudyofvirusesinglaciersisrelativelynewbutincreasinglyimportant.“Weknowverylittleaboutvirusesandmicrobesintheseextremeenvironments,andwhatisactuallythere.Thedocumentationandunderstandingofthatisextremelyimportant:Howdobacteriaandvirusesrespondtoclimatechange?Whathappenswhenwegofromaniceagetoawarmperiodlikewe’reinnow?”saidLonnieThompson,seniorauthorofthestudy.8.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Mostoftheviruseswereunknowntohumans.B.15,000viruseswerediscoveredfromglacierice.C.Fewvirusessurvivedwhentheywerefrozen.DAnewmethodofanalyzingicewasdeveloped.9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Aprocessoficeaccumulation. B.Ananalysisoficecores.C.Thecauseofclimatechange. D.Thehistoryofviruses.10.WhatdoesMatthewSullivansayaboutthenewmethodforthestudy?A.Itfailstohelpfindgeneticcodes. B.Ithasbeenusedinthemoon.C.Itgreatlycontributestovirusstudy. D.ItcanbeusedtoexploreMars.11.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthestudyofvirusesinglaciersfromLonnieThompson’swords?A.It’shighlyquestionable. B.It’sstilltobeimproved.C.It’slittleknowntohumans. D.It’sofpracticalsignificance.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究冰川冰的科学家在中国青藏高原采集的两个冰样本中发现了近15000年前的病毒，并指出了对这些病毒中的研究与理解的重要意义。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Forthisstudy,thescientistscreatedanewmethodofanalyzingmicrobesandvirusesinicewithoutpollutingit.(为了这项研究，科学家们创造了一种新的方法来分析冰中的微生物和病毒，而不会污染冰)”可知，一种分析冰的新方法被提出。故选D。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Theresearchersanalyzedicecorestakenin2015fromtheGuliyaicecapinwesternChina.Thecoresarecollectedathighaltitudes—thesummitofGuliya,wherethisiceoriginated,is22,000feetabovesealevel,Theicecorescontainlayersoficethataccumulateyearafteryear,trappingwhateverwasintheatmospherearoundthematthetimeeachlayerfroze.Thoselayerscreateatimelineofsorts,whichscientistshaveusedtounderstandmoreaboutclimatechange,microbes,virusesandgasesthroughouthistory.(研究人员分析了2015年从中国西部古里亚冰帽采集的冰芯。这些冰芯是在海拔22000英尺的高海拔地区采集的。这些冰芯中有一层又一层的冰，这些冰年复一年地堆积在一起，在每一层结冰的时候，都会将周围大气中的任何物质捕获。这些层创造了一个时间线，科学家们用它来了解整个历史上关于气候变化、微生物、病毒和气体的更多信息)”可知，第二段主要是关于冰芯的分析。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的““Theseviruseshavesignaturesofgenesthathelptheminfectcellsincoldenvironments.Thesearenoteasysignaturestopullout,andthenewlydevelopedmethodcouldhelpussearchforthesegeneticsequences(序列)inotherextremeicyenvironments—Mars,forexample,themoon,orclosertohomeinEarth’sAtacamaDesert,”saidMatthewSullivan,co-authorofthestudy.(“这些病毒具有帮助它们在寒冷环境中感染细胞的基因特征。这些都是不容易提取的特征，而新开发的方法可以帮助我们在其他极端冰冻环境中搜索这些基因序列——例如火星、月球，或者地球上更接近地球的阿塔卡马沙漠，”这项研究的合著者MatthewSullivan说)”可推知，MatthewSullivan认为这种新方法对病毒研究有很大的贡献。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Weknowverylittleaboutvirusesandmicrobesintheseextremeenvironments,andwhatisactuallythere.Thedocumentationandunderstandingofthatisextremelyimportant:Howdobacteriaandvirusesrespondtoclimatechange?Whathappenswhenwegofromaniceagetoawarmperiodlikewe’reinnow?”saidLonnieThompson,seniorauthorofthestudy.(“我们对这些极端环境中的病毒和微生物知之甚少，也不知道那里到底有什么。记录和理解这一点非常重要：细菌和病毒是如何应对气候变化的？当我们从冰河时代进入像现在这样的温暖时期会发生什么？”该研究的资深作者LonnieThompson说)”可推知，LonnieThompson认为对冰川中病毒的研究仍有待改进。故选B。DTherearemanyfascinatingaspectsofantlife,butnonemaybeamorepracticallessonforusthantheirgiftforavoidingtrafficjams.AnewresearchpaperpublishedinthejournaleLiferevealshowantskeeptrafficflowingbychangingtheirbehaviortomeetchangingconditions.Fortheirexperiments,researchersfromtheUniversityofToulouseandtheUniversityofArizonafocusedonArgentineantsthatfrequentlymovefromonecolony(聚居地)toanotherdependingontheproximityoffoodsources.ExploringtheArgentineants’giftforfastcommutes,theresearchersbuiltbridgesconnectingtheircolonies.Thebridgesvariedinwidthfromafifthtothree-quartersofaninch.Thecolonies,too,wereofdifferentsizes,rangingfrom400tomorethan25,00ants,Essentially,researchersbuiltanewinfrastructure(基础设施)systemfortheants,connectingtheirbiggestcitiestothesmallestvillages.Thentheysatbackandmonitoredthetraffic.Totheirsurprise,evenwhenthosenarrowerbridgesreachednearcapacity,therewereno20-antpile-ups.Indeed,therewasneverahold-up.Trafficremainedsteadyregardlessofhowoverburdenedtheinfrastructurewasbecauseantswereabletoadjusttothechangeofroadconditions.Atsomepoint,whenthebridgesgotreallybusy,antsmovednotsomuchasindividualsbutratherlikewaterflowinginaneverwideningstream.“Whendensityonthetrailincreased,antsseemedtobeabletoassesscrowdinglocallyandadjustedtheirspeedaccordinglytoavoidanyinterruptionoftrafficflow,”theauthorsnoteinanewsrelease.“Moreover,antskeptthemselvesfromenteringacrowdedpathandensuredthatthecapacityofthebridgewasneverexceeded.”Argentineantsareextremelyeffectiveingettingtowheretheyneedtobeinahurry.Thelessonforhumans?Thetrafficproblemmaylieinourinabilitytoadjustourdrivinghabitsforthegoodofthewhole.“Trafficjamsareeverywhereinhumansocietywhereindividualsarepursuingtheirownpersonalobjectives,”theauthorswrite.“Incontrast,antsshareacommongoal;thesurvivalofthecolony,thustheyareexpectedtoactcooperativelytooptimize(优化)foodreturn.12.Howdotheantskeeptrafficflowing?A.Byadjustingtotheroadconditions. B.Bymonitoringthetrafficflow.C.Bycommunicatingwitheachother. D.Bybuildingtheirownpaths.13.Whatdidantsdowhenthebridgesgotverycrowded?A.Theyscrambledtopassautomatically. B.Theyflowedinthestreamconstantly.C.Theychangedtheirspeedaccordingly. D.Theymovedonindividuallyinahurry.14.Whatdoestheauthorexpecthumanstodointhelastparagraph?A.Toraisetrafficsafetyawareness. B.Tofindsolutionstopresentproblems.C.Togiveupindividuals’ambitions, D.Toactforthegoodofthewholesociety.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ArgentineAntsMoveOntheRoads B.ExploreInterestingAnts’GiftsC.WatchAntsCrosstheRoads D.AntsTeachUsHowtoAvoidTrafficJams【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。蚂蚁的生活有很多令人着迷的方面，但对我们来说，没有什么比它们避免交通堵塞的天赋更实用的了。蚂蚁的这个天赋值得人类学习。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AnewresearchpaperpublishedinthejournaleLiferevealshowantskeeptrafficflowingbychangingtheirbehaviortomeetchangingconditions(一篇发表在《eLife》杂志上新研究论文揭示了蚂蚁如何通过改变行为来满足不断变化的条件来保持交通顺畅)”可知，蚂蚁是通过改变行为来适应不断变化的路面状况来保持交通流畅的。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Whendensityonthetrailincreased,antsseemedtobeabletoassesscrowdinglocallyandadjustedtheirspeedaccordinglytoavoidanyinterruptionoftrafficflow(当步道上的密度增加时，蚂蚁似乎能够评估当地的拥挤程度，并相应地调整速度，以避免任何交通流量的中断)”可知，当路面变得拥挤时，蚂蚁通过调整速度来避免交通中断。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。文章最后一段“Trafficjamsareeverywhereinhumansocietywhereindividualsarepursuingtheirownpersonalobjectives,theauthorswrite.Incontrast,antsshareacommongoal;thesurvivalofthecolony,thustheyareexpectedtoactcooperativelytooptimize(优化)foodreturn(交通堵塞在人类社会中无处不在，每个人都在追求自己的个人目标，作者写道。相比之下，蚂蚁有一个共同的目标；群落的生存，因此他们期望合作行动优化的食物回报)”推知，作者希望人类向蚂蚁学习，把人类社会整体利益作为一个共同的目标。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Therearemanyfascinatingaspectsofantlife,butnonemaybeamorepracticallessonforusthantheirgiftforavoidingtrafficjams(蚂蚁的生活有许多迷人的方面，但对我们来说，没有什么比它们避开交通堵塞的天赋更实用了)”以及最后一段“Trafficjamsareeverywhereinhumansocietywhereindividualsarepursuingtheirownpersonalobjectives,”theauthorswrite.“Incontrast,antsshareacommongoal;thesurvivalofthecolony,thustheyareexpectedtoactcooperativelytooptimize(优化)foodreturn(交通堵塞在人类社会中无处不在，每个人都在追求自己的个人目标，作者写道。相比之下，蚂蚁有一个共同的目标；群落的生存，因此他们期望合作行动优化的食物回报)”可知，蚂蚁拥有避免交通堵塞的天赋值得人类学习和思索，蚂蚁有一个共同的目标：群体的生存。选项D：AntsTeachUsHowtoAvoidTrafficJams(蚂蚁教我们如何避免交通堵塞)符合本文内容大意，适合本文标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadseswellasbythecompanyhekeeps.___16___Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.___17___Itdoesnotturnitsbackuponusinneed.Italwaysreceivesuswiththesamekindness,amusingandinstructingusinyouth,andcomfortingusinage.Peopleoftendiscovertheircommoncharacteristicsbythemutualloveforabook.Asanoldproverbgoes,“Loveme,lovemybook.”___18___Peoplecanthink,feel,andsympathizewitheachotherthroughtheirfavoriteauthor.Booksarebyfarthemostlastingproductsofhumanefforts.Templesandstatuesmayfallintoruin,butbookswillsurvive.___19___Theyarefreshforever.Theonlyeffectoftimeistorejectthebadproducts,fornothinginliteraturecanlongsurvivebutwhatisreallygood.___20___Theybringusintothepresenceofthegreatestmindsthathaveeverlived.Wehearwhattheysaidanddid;weseethemasiftheywerereallyalive.Wesympathizewiththem,enjoywiththem,sorrowwiththem,Theirexperiencebecomesours,andwefeelasifwewereinthesceneswhichtheydescribe.Thebookisalivingvoice.Itisanintellecttowhichonestilllistens.A.Theirspiritswalkamongus.B.Booksintroduceusintothebestsociety.C.Greatthoughtswillneverfadeovertime.D.Itisthemostpatientandcheerfulcompanion.E.Thebookisatruerandhigherbondofrelationships.F.Theworldofaman’slifeistheworldofhisthoughts.G.Oneshouldalwaysliveinthecompanyofbestbooksandbestmen.【答案】16.G17.D18.E19.C20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们应该以书为伴，因为好书就像是你最好的朋友，它们是最有耐心、最令人愉悦的伴侣，它们使我们与最优秀的人为伍、使我们置身于历代伟人巨匠之间。书是人生至今仍在聆听的智慧之声，永远充满着活力。【16题详解】根据上文“Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadseswellasbythecompanyhekeeps.(通常看一个读些什么书就可知道他的为人，就像看他同什么人交往就可知道他的为人一样)”可知，通过一个人读的书和相伴的人就可以知道这个人的品质。由此可知，G.Oneshouldalwaysliveinthecompanyofbestbooksandbestmen.(一个人都应该以最好的书和最好的人为伴)能够承接上文，构成因果关系，符合语境。故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.(好书就像是你最好的朋友。它始终不渝，过去如此，现在如此，将来也永远不变)”及下文“Itdoesnotturnitsbackuponusinneed.Italwaysreceivesuswiththesamekindness,amusingandinstructingusinyouth,andcomfortingusinage.(它不会在我们需要的时候抛弃我们。我们年轻时，它给予我们乐趣和教育；我们年老时，它又给予我们安慰)”可知，好书就像是你最好的朋友，始终不渝、不离不弃，最有耐心且最令人愉悦。由此可知，D.Itisthemostpatientandcheerfulcompanion.(它是最有耐心，最令人愉悦的伴侣)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“Asanoldproverbgoes,“Loveme,lovemybook.”(正如一句古老的谚语所说：“爱我及书。”)”及下文“Peoplecanthink,feel,andsympathizewitheachotherthroughtheirfavoriteauthor.(人们可以通过共同喜爱的作家沟通思想，交流感情，彼此息息相通)”可知，书成为人与人之间联系的一种纽带。由此可知，E.Thebookisatruerandhigherbondofrelationships.(书是更真实、更高尚的关系纽带)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。【19题详解】根据上文“Templesandstatuesmayfallintoruin,butbookswillsurvive.(寺庙会倒坍，神像会朽烂，而书却经久长存)”及下文“Theonlyeffectoftimeistorejectthebadproducts,fornothinginliteraturecanlongsurvivebutwhatisreallygood.(时间惟一的作用是淘汰不好的作品，因为只有真正的佳作才能经世长存)”可知，随着时间的流逝，真只有真正的佳作才能经世长存。由此可知，C.Greatthoughtswillneverfadeovertime.(伟大的思想永远不会随着时间的流逝而消失)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选C。【20题详解】根据下文“Theybringusintothepresenceofthegreatestmindsthathaveeverlived.Wehearwhattheysaidanddid;weseethemasiftheywerereallyalive.Wesympathizewiththem,enjoywiththem,sorrowwiththem.Theirexperiencebecomesours,andwefeelasifwewereinthesceneswhichtheydescribe.(它们使我们置身于历代伟人巨匠之间。我们如闻其声，如观其行；如见其人。我们同他们情感交融，悲喜与共，感同身受。我们觉得自己仿佛在作者所描绘的舞台上和他们一起粉墨登场)”可知，书让我们与最优秀的人为伍。由此可知，B.Booksintroduceusintothebestsociety.(书介绍我们与最优秀的人为伍)能够统领下文，符合语境。故选B。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Dadwasalwaysfullofadvice,butoneofthebiggestlessonshetaughtmewasabouthavingastrongworkethic(职业道德).WhenmybrotherandIweregrowingup,wemowed(修剪)yardsduringthe___21___toearnpocketchange.Dadwasour___22___.Hesoldourservicetoneighborsandofferedapricetheycouldnot___23___.MybrotherandIgot$10peryard,Ilaterfoundoutourfriendswere___24___$20ormoreforthesameamountofwork.Everytimewe___25___outtomowthelawn,Dadalwaysstoodtherewatchingourwork.Iusedtowonderwhyhecamewithusinthe___26___heatofFlorida.Onedaywewerecuttingournext-doorneighbor’syard,withthehighgrasslikea___27___.Tomakemattersworse,wehada(n)___28___lawnmowerthatkeptturningoff.Thisparticularafternoon,Iwasfinishingupandwas___29___andsweaty.IpicturedtheicecreamIwouldswallowinaminuteto____30____down.IwasjustabouttocutoffthelawnmowerwhenIheardmydadyelling,“You____31____apiece.”Iwasupset,hopinghewouldletmegohome.I____32____himandkeptwalking.Hekeptpointingandcallingmeout____33____.Sofrustrated,Iwentbacktocutthatpieceofgrass.Severaldayslater,otherneighbors____34____thegoodworkwedidandwesoon____35____morebusiness.Westartedoutwithoneclient,butbytheendofthesummerwehadfive,whichwasallwewere____36____tohandling.Thelessonstayedwithme:Be____37____.Ifyousayyouaregoingtoperformajobatacertaintime,keepyour____38____.Giveyourcustomersthekindofserviceyouwouldliketo____39____.Itshowshowsincereyouareandhowmuch____40____youtakeinyourwork.21.A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter22.A.instructor B.assistant C.salesman D.administrator23.A.understand B.accept C.promise D.refuse24.A.charging B.paying C.raising D.spending25.A.took B.found C.headed D.turned26.A.limited B.ordinary C.enjoyable D.breathless27.A.picture B.garden C.jungle D.blanket28.A.large B.old C.small D.new29A.tired B.lonely C.curious D.nervous30.A.break B.cool C.drop D.tear31.A.removed B.missed C.finished D.repaired32.A.rejected B.greeted C.reminded D.ignored33.A.quietly B.slowly C.excitedly D.angrily34.A.tooknoticeof B.lookeddownupon C.putupwith D.brokeawayfrom35.A.acquired B.promoted C.advertised D.approved36.A.addicted B.opposed C.devoted D.accustomed37.A.intelligent B.professional C.organized D.creative38.A.word B.attention C.secret D.energy39.A.handle B.operate C.perform D.receive40.A.reward B.courage C.pride D.honesty【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.C26.D27.C28.B29.A30.B31.B32.D33.D34.A35.A36.C37.B38.A39.D40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了小时候父亲要求他们兄弟俩给邻居提供有偿除草的经历及作者从中学到的经验教训。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我和兄弟成长过程中，我们在夏季会修剪庭院来挣一些零花钱。A.spring春天；B.summer夏天；C.autumn秋天；D.winter冬天。根据前文“wemowed(修剪)yards”及后文“Westartedoutwithoneclient,butbytheendofthesummerwehadfive”可知，此处指在夏季会修剪庭院去挣一些零花钱。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲是我们的推销员。A.constructor教练；B.assistant助手；C.salesman推销员；D.adminstrator行政官。根据后文“Hesoldourservicetoneighbors”可知，父亲是我们的推销员。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲向邻居售卖我们的服务，给了他们一个无法拒绝的价格。A.understand理解；B.accept接受；C.promise承诺；D.refuse拒绝。根据后文“MybrotherandIgot$10peryard,Ilaterfoundoutourfriendswere4$20ormoreforthesameamountofwork.”可知，我们的修剪服务价格低廉，邻居无法拒绝。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们兄弟俩修剪一个庭院获得10美元，我之后了解到同样的工作量我的朋友们要价20美元甚至更多。A.charging索价；B.paying支付；C.raising筹集；D.spending花费。根据后文“$20ormoreforthesameamountofwork”可知，朋友在提供修剪服务时要价比我们要高。故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我们外出修剪草坪，父亲总是站在那里看着我们工作。A.took拿；B.found发现；C.headed向某一方向前进；D.turned转向。根据后文“Dadalwaysstoodtherewatchingourwork”可知，当我们外出去邻居家修剪草坪的时候，父亲会看着我们。故选C项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我常常想在佛罗里达这样热的令人窒息的天气为什么他要和我们一起来。A.limited有限的；B.ordinary普通的；C.enjoyable令人愉悦的；D.breathless令人窒息的。根据空后“heatofFlorida”及语境可知，此处指热的令人窒息的天气。故选D项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天，我们正在修剪隔壁邻居家的庭院，院子里高高的草丛就像丛林一样。A.picture图片；B.garden花园；C.jungle丛林；D.blanket毯子。根据空前“thehighgrass”可知，庭院荒草很高，就像丛林里一样。故选C项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：使情况更糟糕的是，我们有一台陈旧的除草机，一直熄火。A.large巨大的；B.old陈旧的；C.small小的；D.new崭新的。根据后文“thatkeptturningoff”可知，机器一直熄火，说明这是一台陈旧的除草机。故选B项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那个特别的下午，我汗流浃背，疲惫不堪的完成工作。A.tired累的；B.lonely孤独的；C.curious好奇的；D.nervous紧张的。根据后文“andsweaty”及前文叙述的天气炎热及机器故障可知，我疲惫不堪。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想象着一会儿吞下冰激凌凉爽的情景。A.break打破；B.cool冷却；C.drop降低；D.tear撕裂。根据上文“IpicturedtheicecreamIwouldswallowinaminute”可知，我通过想象美味的冰激凌来使自己凉快一点。故选B项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我即将要关掉除草机的时候听见父亲大喊“你漏掉了一块草地”。A.removed移除；B.missed错过；C.finished完成；D.repaired修理。根据下文“Sofrustrated,Iwentbacktocutthatpieceofgrass.”可知，我漏掉了一块草地。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无视了他的提醒，继续向前走。A.rejected拒绝；B.greeted打招呼；C.reminded提醒；D.ignored忽视。根据后文“keptwalking”可知，我无视了他的提醒，没有继续除草。故选D项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不停地指着我，生气地喊我回去。A.quietly安静地；B.slowly缓慢地；C.excitedly激动地；D.angrily生气地。根据上文“I___12___himandkeptwalking.”可知，我并没有听取父亲的话，这使父亲很生气。故选D项。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：几天后，其他邻居注意到我们的工作质量好，很快我们获得了更多的生意。A.tooknotcieof注意到；B.lookeddownupon看不起；C.putupwith容忍；D.brokeawayfrom脱离。根据前文“Iwentbacktocutthatpieceofgrass.”可知，我最后还是把剩下的工作完成了，所以邻居会们注意到了我们的除草质量。故选A项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，其他邻居注意到我们的工作质量好，很快我们获得了更多的工作。A.acquired获得；B.promoted促进；C.advertised登广告；D.approved赞成。根据前文“otherneighbors___14___thegoodworkwedid”可知，邻居们看到我们除草认真负责，所以会有更多人找我们。故选A项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始我们只有一个客户，但夏末的时候已经有5个了，这就是我们要致力于处理的所有的事。A.addicted使上瘾；B.opposed反抗；C.devoted致力于；D.accustomed习惯于。根据前文“Westartedoutwithoneclient,butbytheendofthesummerwehadfive”可知，随着客户的增加，要处理的事情也多了。故选C项。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直记得这件事教会我的经验教训：专业一点。A.intelligent有智慧的；B.professional专业的；C.organized有组织的；D.creative有创造性的。根据后文“Ifyousayyouaregoingtoperformajobatacertaintime,keepyour___18___”可知，从事一件工作的时候，要言而有信，要专业一点。故选B项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你说要在特定的时间内完成一项工作，那就要信守承诺。A.word