高中英语 句子成分和结构讲解 课件

英语句子成分与结构nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt系动词ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英语句子基本成分示意图be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.Membersofasentence主语subject谓语predicate宾语object表语predicative宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositiveI

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语（subject）

句子说明的人或事物,

主语一般位于______

。句首Lilyllikeshernewbike.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.（二）谓语（predicate)：由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。Heworksveryhard.谓语Theweatherisverynicetoday.谓语

Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.谓语

Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.

Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语（object

）动作的对象或承受者，由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于_________或______之后。（不定式）（动名词）（句子）及物动词介词通常情况下，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.Hegaveme

somebooks.（四）

定语:(attribute)（Noun/Pronoun）这是一节生动有趣的课．Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.有一些难题要处理．Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.前置定语后置定语Tips:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。（五）

表语（predicative）连系动词1.be动词(am,is,are,was,were)3.感官动词(look,smell,hear,feel…)+表语2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)Mysisterisanurse.Shegotangry.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.

（六）宾语补足语

（objectcomplement）(七)同位语:(appositive)我们有两个孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车．Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。八.状语:(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。①表时间：yesterday,today,tomorrow…

Shallwegoshoppingtodayortomorrow?我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？②表地点：inChina,attheairport…

Isawastudentintheclassroom.我在教室里看见一个学生．③表原因:because,as,for,since…他因为生病所以今天没有去上学．

Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschooltoday.④表结果：to+do,v+ing,从句那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．Theboyfelloffthetree,strikinghisheadagainsttheground.⑤表目的:inorderto,inorderthat,forthepurpose为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力．Inordertogetintoabetterschool,Imuststudyevenharder.⑥表条件:as/solongas,if,unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩．Aslongasyoustudyhard,youcangetahighmark.⑦表让步:inspiteof,despite,although,though他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我．Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme.⑧表程度:very,enough,tosomeextent…那里的风景非常漂亮．Thescenerythereisverybeautiful.⑨表方式:likethat,as,asif…不要那样看我．Don’tlookatmelikethat!⑩表伴随状况：老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书．Theteachercameintotheclassroom,catchingabookinhishand.with画出下列句子的状语

Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.consolidation指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Fivebasicsentencepattern

英语五大基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)四:ＳＶＯｏ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)1.Ｓ＋Ｖ(主＋谓)Ｖ是不及物动词1.Thesunrose.2.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.3.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.2.Ｓ+Ｖ(系动词)+Ｐ(表语)

1.Thedinner

smells

good.

2.Everything

looks

different.

3.Ourwell

hasgone

dry.

4.Hisface

turned

red.

3.S+V+O(V是及物动词)例如：1.Isawafilmyesterday.2.Theybuiltahouselastyear.3.Youshouldlookafteryourchildrenwell.4.S+V+O1+O2(V是及物动词)在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的带有双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get,rob,warn等。例：sheorderedherselfanewdress.shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.5.S+V+O+CThewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Tips：宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系a.ＳＶ

b.ＳＶＰ

c.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶＯｏ

e.ＳＶＯＣ

1.Pleasetellusastory._______2.Shesmiled.______3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____4.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____5.Pleaselookatthepicture._____dabec

PracticeNobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.‹›主+谓主+系+表主+谓+