时态（二）【考点打靶+定向训练】 中考英语核心知识必备清单（通用版）（含答案解析 ）

时态（二）中考英语知识清单（通用版）目录考情分析： 11.现在完成时 12.过去进行时： 33.过去完成时 44.过去将来时 55.牛刀小试 6考情分析：英语的动词的时态共有十六种，但是中考常考的主要有八种，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时等时态的构成和用法，而且前五种是考查重点，现在完成时尤其是时态考查的重点，也是难点。本节主要讲述一下现在完成时，过去将来时、过去进行时和过去完成时。1.现在完成时现在完成时的构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词如：IhavewatchedtheTVplay.我已经看过这部电视剧了。Wehavelivedheresince2008.自从2008年我就住在这里。现在完成时的用法：（1）表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，常用的状语有already,yet,not…yet,now,just,bythistime等。如：Thebushascomehere.公共汽车已经来了。Someonehascleanedthewindow.有人已经擦了窗户。（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如thisweek,thesedays,sofar,inthepastfewdays,sincetheendoflastyear,foralongtime等。如：Wehavebeenherefortwoyears.我们在这里两年了。注意：（1）buy，borrow，die等非延续性动词（也称为瞬间动词）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）连用，这时要用相应的动词代替这些非延续性动词。如：Ihaveboughtthebikefortwoyears.(×)Ihavehadthebikefortwoyears.(√)由于buy是瞬间动词，无法延续两年，所以改为延续性动词had。瞬间动词与延续动词的转换：buy—havestop—beoverleave—beawaycomeback—bebackborrow—keepdie—bedeadbegin—beonfallasleep—beasleeparrive—beheregetup—beupjoin—bein／beamember如：Theyborrowedthebooktwoweeksago.→Theyhavekeptthebookfortwoweeks．Amonthhaspassedsincehelefthome.→Hehasbeenawayfromhomeforamonth.（2）注意以下表示法的含义及用法：havebeen(to):曾经去过或到过（某地）（表示某人过去的经历）havegone(to)：去（某地）了（现在可能在途中或已经到达某地）havebeenin…+一段时间:已呆在某地一段时间了如：HehasbeentoHangzhouseveraltimes.他到过杭州几次了。HehasgongtoHangzhou,sohecan’thelpus.他去杭州了，所以他不可能帮助我们。ShehasbeeninLondonforhalfayear.她在伦敦已经半年了。（3）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：—Haveyouseenthefilm?—Yes,Ihave.(表示结果：已经看过了，因此了解了这部电影)—Whendidyouseeit?—IsawitlastSunday.(表示事实：过去做的一件事的时间)Hehastaughtthisclassfortwoyears.（现在仍教着，或者刚刚停止）Hetaughtthisclassfortwoyears.（过去教过）2.过去进行时：过去进行时的用法：表示说话的过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外，经常和表示过去时间的状语then，amomentago，atthistimeyesterday，attenlastnight，atthattime/moment等连用。如：—Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?昨天这个时候你正在做什么？—Iwascookingwithmymother.我正和我妈妈一起做饭。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：A.过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。如：Iwasreadingthebookatthattime.(未读完，“读”的片段)Ireadthebookyesterday.(已读完，表整个“读”)B.过去进行时多与一段持续的时间状语连用。如：Itwasrainingallnight整个晚上在下雨。Hewaswritingaletterthewholeofafternoon.他整个下午在写信。C.while引导的时间状语从句常用进行时。如：Hebrokeachairwhilehewasjumpingupanddown.他在跳上跳下的过程中弄坏了椅子。D．while所在主从句动作持续相等时间时，主从句一般都用进行时；如果两个动作一长一短时，经常是短的用一般过去时，长的用过去进行时。如：Iwascookingthedinnerwhilehewasplayingthepiano.他在弹钢琴时我在做饭。IsawhimwhileIwaswalkingtothestation.我在去往车站时看见了他。3.过去完成时过去完成时和现在完成时的用法基本相似，表示某个动作在过去的某个时间之前已经完成，即“过去的过去”。现在完成时以现在为基准，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻为基准。1.过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。如：Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeyoucamehere.在你来这里之前我已经完成我的家庭作业。Hesaidthathehadseenyoubefore.他说他以前见过你。2.过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。如：ThebushadalreadyleftbythetimeIgotthere.在我到达那里之前，公共汽车已经开走了。Bysixo’clocktheyhadworkedforeighthours.不迟于六点钟他们已经工作八个小时了。3.在含有间接引语的宾语从句中，主句经常是一般过去时，从句常用过去完成时。如：Hetoldmethathehadalreadyseenthefilm.他告诉我他已经看过那部电影了。4.过去将来时（1）表示过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中，由would+动词原形构成。如：Theysaidtheywouldcomethenextday.他们说第二天就回来。（2）表示曾经打算或准备做的动作，were/was+动词原形构成。如：Yourfathersaidhewasgoingtovisityourschoolnextweek.你爸爸说他下个星期要到你的学校参观。Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.我认为要下雨了。（3）go，come，leave，arrive，start等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。如：Hesaidhewascomingthisevening.他说他今晚要来。5.牛刀小试1．（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）Davidhasworkedherefor10yearssincehe________fromuniversity.A．graduates B．graduated C．hasgraduated D．willgraduate2．（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）—MissHu,Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.—Yes.I________asavolunteernurseinShanghaiforamonth.Icamebackyesterday.A．worked B．amworking C．haveworked D．work3．（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）—Mike,whydoyoucomeheresolate?Theconcert________sincehalfanhourago.—Whatapity!Nowonderallthesingershaveleft.A．hasended B．hasbeenon C．hasstarted D．hasbeenover4．（2022·山东滨州·中考真题）—WhatistheTripCode(行程码)usedfor？—It’susedtoshowwhereyou________inthelast14days.A．were B．willbe C．havebeen D．hadbeen5．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）—It’sapitythatthereisnoticketforsale.—Don’tworry.I_______thetickets.A．ambuying B．buy C．wasbuying D．havebought6．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Ourschoollife________alotsince2021.Wehavemoreactivitiesnow.A．change B．ischanging C．haschanged D．willchange7．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）Sally________withaChinesefamilysinceshecametoDalian.A．stays B．willstay C．hasstayed D．wasstaying8．（2022·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）TheArtofWarisgreatandI________itmanytimessofar.A．read B．haveread C．amreading D．willread9．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）Davidisveryproductiveand________fivebooksinthepasttenyears.A．writes B．wroteC．haswritten D．iswriting10．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Yourwatchissocool!Whendidyougetit?—Onmy12thbirthday.I________itfor3years.A．bought B．havehad C．havebought11．（2022·北京·中考真题）Jim_________alotaboutChineseculturesincehebegantostudyinourschool.A．learns B．learned C．willlearn D．haslearned12．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Christine________thefamily’sSundaylunchsinceshewas12yearsold.A．cooks B．cooked C．willcook D．hascooked13．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mike,whyareyoustandingoutdoors?—I______mykeys.Ihavetowaithereuntilmymothercomesback.A．havelost B．willlose C．hadlost D．lose14．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—WouldyouliketoseethemovieChangjinLakethisevening?—Oh,it’sagoodmovie.ButI_________italready.A．saw B．haveseen C．see D．willsee15．（2022·河北·中考真题）Sorry,I________amistake.Letmecorrectit.A．willmake B．ammaking C．wasmaking D．havemade16．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）—Where’sMr.Yang?—He________LongquanMountaininDanzhai.He________therethreetimesbecauseheenjoysthelocalscenery.A．hasgoneto;hasbeen B．hasgoneto;hasgonetoC．hasbeento;hasgone D．hasbeento;hasbeento17．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）—Yourwatchisreallyold.—Yes,I________itsinceIwassix.A．have B．willhave C．havehad D．amhaving18．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Sincehewasalittleboy,he________inlovewithmusic.A．is B．was C．hasbeen D．hadbeen19．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Congratulations!You________bigprogressinthelastthreeyears.—Thankyou,Mr.Li.I’llneverforgetthegoodtimesinJuniorHigh.A．make B．made C．havemade D．willmake20．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）—MayIspeaktoWangLi?—Sorry,sheisnotathome.She________sincelastmonth.A．left B．hasleft C．hasbeenaway D．wentaway21．（2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—Icalledyoujustnow,butyoudidn’tanswer.—I________thepianoatthattime.A．plays B．amplaying C．wasplaying D．willplay22．（2022·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）WhenImetAliceyesterday,she_______alongthebankoftheriver.A．runs B．wasrunning C．isrunning D．ran23．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）—Youlooktired!—Myhusband_______footballmatchesallnight.Thatwastoonoisy!A．watches B．haswatched C．waswatching D．willwatch24．（2022·江苏常州·中考真题）—Whydidn’tyouopenthedoorforme,Jim?—I________clothesinthebathroom.Ididn’theartheknock.A．amwashing B．havewashed C．waswashing D．washed25．（2022·北京·中考真题）I________aboutmysisterwhenmyphonerang.Itwasher!A．think B．willthink C．wasthinking D．amthinking26．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Whentheteachergotintotheclassroom,Xiaoming________anovel.A．read B．reads C．isreading D．wasreading27．（2022·四川广元·中考真题）I’msorryIdidn’tansweryourcallbecauseI______music.A．listento B．listenedto C．waslisteningto D．amlisteningto28．（2022·河北·中考真题）Atthistimeyesterday,I________ascienceexamhere.A．take B．wastaking C．amtaking D．willtake29．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Andy,whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?—I________thefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjinwithmysister.A．watch B．watched C．waswatching D．amwatching30．（2021·四川甘孜·中考真题）He________withourteacherwhenIsawhim.A．wastalking B．talks C．hastalked D．willtalk31．（2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）—Jane,Icalledyoulastnightbutnobodyanswered.—Oh,myparentsandI________awalkintheparkatthattime.A．aretaking B．weretaking C．havetaken32．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）Thechiefengineerannouncedthatthey________aspacelabonthespacestationaroundtheendof2022.A．havebuilt B．hadbuilt C．willbuild D．wouldbuild33．（2017·江苏无锡·中考真题）Theypromisedthatthey________melookformykeyuntilitwasfound.Buttheysoonwalkedaway.A．willhelp B．havehelped C．wouldhelp D．hadhelped34．（2019·江苏·中考真题）–UncleSamsaidhe____________mybirthdayparty,buthenevershowedup.-That’sUncleSam.Heforgetseverything!A．willattend B．wouldattend C．hasattended D．hadattended35．（2019·河南·中考真题）Jerrydidn’tpaymeback,buthepromisedthathethisSunday.A．must B．could C．would D．should36．（2019·上海·中考真题）Bytheendoflastmonth，Janeenoughmoneyforthepoorsickboy.A．raised B．wouldraise C．hadraised D．hasraised37．（2020·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Bythetimetheteachercame,we__________cleaningtheclassroom.A．finished B．havefinished C．hadfinished38．（2022·甘肃·永昌县教学研究室一模）Whenthedoctorarrived,thepatient_________forjustoneminute.A．hasdied B．haddied C．hasbeendead D．hadbeendead39．（2022·黑龙江·肇东市第七中学校二模）MissZhang________theofficeforafewminuteswhenIarrived.Ididn’tmeether.A．hasleft B．hasbeenawayfrom C．hadbeenawayfrom40．（2022·江苏宿迁·一模）—Theyhadmemorizedmostofthenewwordsinthetextbook________oflastterm.—Youmean________ofthenewwords?A．attheend;one-third B．intheend;four-fifthsC．bytheend;three-fourths D．bytheend;three-quarter41．（2022·上海松江·二模）Thestudentsinourschool________about8,000yuanforSPCAbythistimeyesterday.A．areraising B．wereraising C．hasraised D．hadraised42．（2022·江苏无锡·九年级专题练习）Harrysaidhe________theButchartGardensinVictoriaCityinthecomingholidays.A．wouldvisit B．hadvisited C．isvisiting D．visited43．（2022·江苏无锡·九年级专题练习）Petersaidthathisdaughter________fromuniversitythenextJune.A．hadgraduated B．graduate