2019年英语新外研必修五讲义Module1SectionⅡIntroductionReading--LanguagePoints

Section_ⅡIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.accentn．口音2.subwayn.(美)地铁3.queuevi.(英)排队(等候)4.omitvt.省略5.remarkn.评论；讲话6.steadilyadv.不断地；持续地Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.obviousadj.显然的，显而易见的→obviouslyadv.明显地，显而易见地2.confusingadj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confusedadj.感到困惑的；难懂的→confusev．使混乱；使困惑→confusionn．困惑；混乱；混淆3.comparevt.比较；对比→comparisonn．比较；对比4.varietyn．种类；变化；多样性→varyv．变化；改变；不同→variousadj.各种各样的；不同的5.differvi.不同，有区别→differentadj.不同的→differencen．不同6.settlern．移民；定居者→settlev．决定；定居→settlementn．殖民；开拓1.linguistn．语言学家[记法]lingu(＝language语言)＋­ist(人)[联想]­ist后缀指人的名词集锦①artist艺术家②scientist科学家③typist打字员④pianist钢琴家⑤novelist小说家⑥specialist专家2.prepositionn．介词[联想]­tion后缀的名词小结①attention注意②introduction介绍③description描写④intention目的，意图⑤communication交流⑥pronunciation发音3.satelliten．卫星[联想]识记“天体”相关词①universe宇宙②planet行星③galaxy星系④space太空⑤solarsystem太阳系⑥theMilkyWay银河[词块]①satellitecommunication卫星通信②satellitetelevision卫星电视③satellitenavigation卫星导航④satelliteremotesensing卫星遥感；卫星遥感测量二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.have...incommon有相同的特点2.makeadifference有影响，使不相同3.getaround四处走动(旅行)4.queueup/standinline排队5.compare...with...把……与……相比6.besimilarto与……相似7.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难8.leadto引起；导致1.ontheothersideoftheAtlantic在大西洋彼岸2.makethefamousremark说这句名言3.twonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage被同一种语言分开的两个民族4.developsteadily平稳发展5.sincethe1980s自从20世纪80年代以来6.attheflickofaswitch轻轻一按开关7.passintoBritishEnglish传入英式英语8.oneofthebest­knownfaces最熟悉的面孔之一三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Itdoesn'tmakemuchofadifferencewhetherateacherspeaksBritishorAmericanEnglish.老师讲英式英语还是讲美式英语没有太大的差别。你来不来参加派对并不重要。it用作形式主语，真正的主语是由whether引导的主语从句。It_doesn't_matter_whetheryouwillattendthepartyornot.2.Americansuseaflashlight,whilefortheBritish,it'satorch.美国人把手电筒称为“flashlight”，而英国人叫它“torch”。许多学生热衷于电脑游戏，而李华却喜欢踢足球。while用作并列连词，表示对比，意为“然而”。Manystudentsarehotonplayingcomputergames,whileLiHualikesplayingfootball.3.Thisnon­stopcommunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。电视音乐选秀节目让草根一族能更容易实现自己的梦想。makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb./sth.todosth.，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。TheTVmusictalentshowsmake_it_easierforthegrassrootstorealizetheirdreams.1．(教材P1)WehavereallyeverythingincommonwithAmericanowadays,exceptofcourse,language.我们今天与美国真的一切都相同了，当然除了语言。havesth.incommon(withsb./sth.)(和某人或某物)有相同/共同的特点havemuch/alot/everythingincommon有很多共同之处havenotmuch/little/nothingincommon没有多少/(几乎)没有共同之处incommonwith与……一样incommon共同，共有①Theyhavealotincommonandgetalongwellwitheachother.他们有很多相同之处，相处得很融洽。②Theyaretwinsisters,yettheyhave_little_in_commonintheirhobbies.她们是孪生姐妹，但是她们的业余爱好几乎没有相同之处。③In_common_withothercompanies,theyadvertisewidelyaswell.和其他公司一样，他们也广泛地做广告。2．(教材P1)Itdoesn'tmakemuchofadifferencewhetherateacherspeaksBritishorAmericanEnglish.老师讲英式英语还是讲美式英语没有太大的差别。makeadifference有影响，使不相同，起重要作用makeno/little/some/much/agreatdifference(to)(对……)没有/几乎没有/有些/有很大影响tellthedifference辨别，区分①(2016·北京高考)Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.小人物能有大作为。②Whatyousaidjustnowmade_no_differencetohim.刚才你说的话对他没有什么影响。③Thetwinslooksosimilarthatyoucanhardlytell_the_difference_betweenthem.这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。[联想发散]“make＋a＋n.”短语归纳：①makeachoice作选择②makeadecision作决定③makeaface扮鬼脸④makeajourney旅行⑤makeajoke说笑话，开玩笑⑥makealiving谋生3．(教材P2)Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.首先最明显的是在词汇方面。obviousadj.显然的，显而易见的(1)Itisobviousthat...显然……beobvioustosb.对某人来说……是显然的/易于理解的(2)obviouslyadv.显然地，明显地①Itmightbeobvioustoyou,butitisn'ttome.这对你来说也许很容易理解，但对我却并非如此。②It_is_obvious_thatthetwoEnglisheshavemuchincommon.显然，这两种英语有很多共同之处。③Obviously(obvious),AmericanspellingissimplerthanBritishspelling.很显然，美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。4．(教材P2)Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheundergroundinLondonorthesubwayinNewYork,ormaybeyouwillprefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American)．作为游客，你在伦敦要乘坐的地铁叫underground，而在纽约则叫subway，或者你更愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。getaround四处走动(旅行)；传播，流传getawayfrom摆脱；逃离getover克服；从(疾病、震惊等)中恢复常态getthrough用完；完成；接通(电话)geton/along(with)进展；相处getdownto(doing)sth.开始(做)……；开始认真对待……①Goodnewsnevergoesbeyondthegate,whilebadnewsgetsaroundquickly.好事不出门，坏事传千里。②It'stimeIgotdowntosomeseriouswork.我该认真干点正事了。③ItriedringingyouseveraltimesyesterdaybutIcouldn'tgetthrough.昨天我试着给你打过几次电话，但是没有打通。[名师点津]getaround/round意为“在各处；到各处”，主语为人时，常表示“旅行；到过很多地方”，相当于getabout；主语为news等名词时，常表示“流传开来；众所周知”，此时getaround没有被动语态。5．(教材P2)Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别，这让人很困惑。confusingadj.令人困惑的；难懂的(1)confusevt.使迷惑，混淆confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆(2)confusionn.混乱，困惑inconfusion困惑地，混乱地(3)confusedadj.感到困惑的beconfusedabout对……感到迷惑①Don'tconfuseAustriawith/andAustralia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混了。②Amaninconfusion(confuse)cannotfocusontherequiredwork.思绪混乱的人不可能集中精力做他被要求做的工作。③Theconfusedlookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasconfusedabouttheconfusingquestionsaskedbyhisparents.(confuse)他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。[语境串记]Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyconfusingquestions.Iwastotallyconfused,standingthereinconfusion,notknowingwhattodo.他们问了一大堆令人费解的问题，把我难住了。我完全困惑了，迷茫地站在那里，全然不知所措。[名师点津]v．­ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“……的；令人……的”；v.­ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到……的”。另外，修饰face,look,expression,voice等时，常用v.­ed形式的形容词。6．(教材P2)Prepositions,too,canbedifferent:compareontheteam,ontheweekend(American)withintheteam,attheweekend(British)．介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下ontheteam,ontheweekend(美式)和intheteam,attheweekend(英式)。comparev．比较，对比compareAwithB把A和B比较一下compareAtoB把A比作Bcomparewith...与……相匹敌comparedwith/to...和……相比(通常作状语)beyond/withoutcompare无与伦比；举世无双①Ateacherisoftencomparedtoacandle.That'sbecausetheirdevotiontoworkisbeyondcompare.老师常被喻为蜡烛。那是因为他们对工作的奉献精神是无与伦比的。②Thegirlwhowantstobecomemorebeautifuloftencomparesherskinwithmine.那位想变得更美的女孩总是把她的皮肤和我的相比。③Compared_with/tome,youaremuchluckier.和我相比，你幸运多了。7．(教材P2)Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.两种英语的另外两个方面的区别是拼写和发音。varietyn．种类，品种；变化，多样性(1)avarietyof＝varietiesof各种各样的(2)variousadj.各种各样的；不同的(3)varyv.(使)变化，不同varyfrom...to...由……到……情况不等①Avarietyoffoodissoldatasupermarket.在超市，各种各样的食物均有出售。②Ourcustomsvary_fromplacetoplace.我们的风俗习惯因地而异。③Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforvarious(vary)reasons.由于种种原因，每个人到达聚会都很晚。[名师点津]avarietyof后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。differvi.不同，有区别(1)differin在……方面不同differfrom不同于，和……意见不一致differwithsb.on/over/aboutsth.与某人在某问题上的意见不同(2)differentadj.不同的，有区别的bedifferentin在某方面不同bedifferentfrom不同于，与……有区别(3)differencen.区别，差别①Wedifferwithyouropinionon/over/aboutthatpoint.在那个问题上我们和你的意见不一致。②Thingsintheworlddifferfromeachotherinathousandways.→Thingsintheworldare_different_fromeachotherinathousandways.世界上的事物是千差万别的。8．(教材P2)ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难havesome/much/alotof/great/nodifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有些/很多/很大/没有困难havesome/muchdifficultywithsth.在某事上有些/有很多困难Thereissome/nodifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有些/没有困难①(2016·北京高考)Shehadmoredifficultykeepingfocused.她集中注意力更加困难。②HehasmuchdifficultywithhisEnglishpronunciation.他在英语发音方面有很大困难。③Thereisnodifficulty(in)finding(find)hishouse.找到他的家毫不费力。[名师点津]这些句型中difficulty为不可数名词，difficulty可用trouble,aproblem或problems代替。9．(教材P3)ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.但这也导致了大量美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。leadto引起；导致；通向(1)leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事leadsb.to/into...领着某人去/进入……leadahappylife过着幸福的生活(2)inthelead带头，处于领先地位takethelead带头①(2017·江苏高考书面表达)Consequently,someviewersbegantoturnawayfromcinemas,leadingtoaslowergrowth.结果，一些观众不再去电影院，导致(票房)增长缓慢。②Theinventionofthenewtypeofmachineledtohim/hiswinning(win)theprize.这种新型机器的发明使他赢得了这个奖。③Afterlastnight'swin,Johnsonhas_taken_the_leadinthechampionshiptable.昨天晚上赢了比赛后，约翰逊已在冠军排行榜上领先。④Thewaiterled_me_to_a_tablethengavemeabrochure,whichled_me_to_believethiswasthebesthotelIhadstayedin.那位服务员领我到一张桌子旁，然后给我一本小册子，这让我认为这是我住过的最好的旅馆。[联想发散]leadto中的to为介词，含介词to的动词短语我们还学过：①beusedto习惯于②payattentionto注意③lookforwardto期望，盼望④referto提到，谈到，参考⑤adaptto适应1．Itdoesn'tmakemuchofadifferencewhetherateacherspeaksBritishorAmericanEnglish.老师讲英式英语还是讲美式英语没有太大的差别。(1)为了保持句子平衡，本句中it作形式主语，代替后面whether引导的主语从句。①Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouwinornotandthemostimportantthingistotakepart.输赢不重要，重在参与。②It'sclearthatlearningEnglishwellisveryimportanttous.显然，学好英语对我们来说很重要。(2)it作形式主语，除了代替从句外，还可以代替不定式或v.­ing形式。③Itishardto_please(please)all.众口难调。④Itisnousecrying(cry)overspiltmilk.覆水难收。2．Thisnon­stopcommunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。makeit＋adj.＋(forsb.)todo...是固定句型，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，其中的形容词作宾语补足语。①Timelyreturnofaloanmakesiteasiertoborrowasecondtime.有借有还，再借不难。(1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句,make＋it＋形容词/名词＋todo不定式,make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth.))(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think,consider,find,feel等②Theoldmanfoundhimselfinhospitalwhenhewokeup.那位老人醒来时发现自己在医院里。③Weshouldallmake_it_clear_thatsuccesscomesfromdiligence.我们都应该明白成功源于勤奋。④Foreignersfinditdifficultto_learn(learn)Chinese.外国人觉得汉语很难学。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．ProfessorJordangaveusamostconfusinglecturethisafternoonandmostofuswereconfused.(confuse)2．Idon'tthinkitpossibleto_master(master)aforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemory.3．Comparedwith/toothergoodstudents,theteacherthinksHankisamoresatisfyingstudent.4．WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshastroublethinking(think)oftherightthingstosay.5．Obviously(obvious),thegirlwasconfusedwhenshewasaskedbytheteacher.6．Thereisnodoubtthattheincreaseindemandleadstotheriseinprices.7．We'regoingtogetaroundhutongsofBeijing.Wouldyouliketojoinus?8．Howeversmallthecontributionis,itwillmakeadifferencetothelifeofthepeopleintheearthquake­strickenarea.Ⅱ.选词填空have...incommon，besimilarto，getaround，avarietyof，leadto，makeadifference，queueup，havedifficultyindoingsth.1．Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonlyleads_toviolence.2．Tomysurprise,IfoundIhadalotin_commonwiththisstrangersowetalkedalot.3．Graduatesshouldbeoptimisticthattheycanmake_a_differenceinourworldiftheydosomethinggood.4．Therearea_variety_ofbooksinthelibrary,andmanypeopleliketogothere.5．Itisdifficultforhimtoget_aroundbecausehedoesn'tknowaboutthecity.6．EverydayIhavetoqueue_upatthebusstoptogotowork.7．Somestudentshave_difficulty_infindingjobsaftergraduation,whichisaconcernofmanypeople.8．Iamgladthatyourviewsoneducationare_similar_tomine.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Wehadtoqueue(排队)foranhourforthetickets.2．Thesatellite(卫星)willbesentintospace.3．Thesetworegionsdiffer(不同)greatlyinclimate.4．Icompared(比较)thecopywiththeoriginal,buttherewasnotmuchdifference.5．Thecustomersmadeanumberofruderemarks(评论)aboutthegoodsonsale.6．Tohissadness,hishealthisgettingsteadily(持续地)worse.7．Thereareavariety(不同种类)ofanimalsinthezoo,andchildrenliketocomehere.8．Judgingfromyouraccent(口音),youcomefromBeijing.9．Obviously(显而易见地),heisgoodatEnglish.10．“Ihavedecidedtobecomealinguist(语言学家)，”hewrote.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Itisunclearthatthemeetingwillgoaheadasplanned.that→whether2．HethoughthehadnodifficultyunderstandAmericans.understand→understanding3．Theseaairhasmadethedifferencetohishealth.the→a4．Whereverheis,hemadearuletotakepartinphysicallabour.made后加it5．Fromhisconfusinglookonhisface,weknewthathedidn'tunderstandmuchofthelecture.confusing→confused6．Theyhadalotincommonwithingrammar.去掉with7．Inhisopinion,people'saccentsdifferfromwitheachother.去掉with8．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceleadstothethiefbecaught.be→beingⅢ.完成句子1．Althoughtheyaregoodfriends,they_have_little_in_common.尽管他们是好朋友，但他们几乎没有共同之处。2．Theboyleadingtheway,we_had_no_difficulty_finding_his_home.这个男孩领着路，我们毫不费事地找到了他的家。3．Manypeoplebelievethattheydon'thavetheabilitytomake_a_differenceintheworld.许多人认为他们没有能力使这个世界有所不同。4．Thecountryisveryquietcompared_with_the_town.与市镇相比，农村显得非常安静。5．Thedifferencebetweenusoftenleads_toquarrels.我们之间的不同经常导致争吵。6．Tomoftensmilesandispleasanttodealwithwhile_his_wife_is_seriousandhardtogetalongwith.汤姆总是微笑，很好相处，然而他的妻子很严肃且难以相处。7．Springsareveryshortwhere_she_lives.在她住的地方春天很短暂。8．Theythinkit_necessary_to_avoid_making_mistakes.他们认为避免犯错误是必要的。(用it作形式宾语)Ⅳ.课文语法填空There'refourways1.thatBritishandAmericanEnglishdifferfromeachother.Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.Ingrammarthere'reafew2.differences(differ).TheBritishsay“Haveyougot...？”3.whileAmericansprefer“Doyouhave...？”TheBritishuseprepositions4.whereAmericanssometimesomitthem.Tnunciation(pronounce).However,withcommunications7.developing(develop)steadilyforoveracentury,someexpertsbelievethatthetwo8.are_moving(move)closertogetherduetosatelliteTVandtheInternet.On9.theotherhand,Englishisspokenwithdifferentaccents;inthefuture,therearegoingtobemanyother“Englishes”.Inspiteofthis,usersofEnglishwillhavenodifficulty10.understanding(understand)eachother.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达汤姆和杰克是兄弟，但是他们之间毫无共同之处(havenothingincommon)。汤姆喜欢四处走动(getaround)，然而(while)杰克喜欢待在室内。这对他们的生活影响(makeadifference)很大。与杰克相比(comparedwith)，汤姆比较活泼，因此他交了很多朋友，但是杰克难以与其他人相处(havedifficultydoing...)。这使他们的父母很困惑(confusing)，于是他们决定帮助他克服(getover)这个问题。Tom_and_Jack_are_brothers,_but_they_have_nothing_in_common._Tom_likes_getting_around,_while_Jack_likes_staying_indoors._It_makes_a_great_difference_to_their_life._Compared_with_Jack,_Tom_is_more_active,_so_he_has_made_many_friends._But_Jack_has_some_difficulty_getting_along_with_others._It_is_confusing_for_their_parents_so_they_decide_to_help_him_to_get_over_the_problem.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Forthenextsevenmonths,IwillbeworkingasanEnglishlanguageassistantinPerpignan,acityinsouthernFrance.ItislocatedveryclosetotheSpanishborder,__1__IcantraveltoSpaineasily.Ilovethefactthatitappearsasiftherearetwocultures__2__intooneinthissmallbutdiverse(多样的)city.Ithinkthecityisa__3__placeforalinguistlikeme,whois__4__instudyingbothFrenchandSpanish.Here,IcantravelbetweenFranceandSpaininlessthantwohours.Thisgivesmethe__5__toexploreSpainattheweekendsafterspendingmy__6__inFrance.Whataperfect__7__！Infact,SalvadorDali,averyfamousSpanishartist,saidthatthe__8__stationinPerpignanis“thecenteroftheearth”.Havingnowbeenthere,Itotally__9__withDali,asitisextremelyeasyto__10__thebestofbothculturesonceyouboardthetrain.Itisvery__11__foronetotravelfromPerpignantoBarcelona,alargecityinnortheastSpain,andviceversa(反之亦然).Youcantakeadaytriporaweekendholiday,whichis__12__yourself.Infact,Ihaveonlybeenherefortwoandahalfweekssofar.Inthe__13__，Ifounditquitedifficultformeto__14__.Imissedallmyfamilyandfriends__15__.However,daybyday,Iam__16__fallinginlovewiththiscity.IevenconsiderPerpignanahiddengem(宝石),whichiswaitingformorepeopleto__17__.Iamlookingforwardtospendingmoretime__18__aroundFranceandSpain.Ofcourse,Iaminvolvingmyselfinbothcultures.Ihopethatwithtimegoingby,__19__learningmoreaboutthetwocultures,Iwillbeableto__20__myFrenchandSpanishinbothlisteningandspeaking.语篇解读：作者来到佩皮尼昂工作，这是一个法国南部的城市，临近西班牙。作者希望在这里能体验两国文化，提高自己的语言水平。1．A.orB．butC．ifD．so解析：选D根据上文的“ItislocatedveryclosetotheSpanishborder”，可知，此处为因果关系。2．A.collectedB．putC．combinedD．divided解析：选C根据语境可知，作者在此处表示两种文化被合二为一于这个小却多样化的城市里。3．A.safeB．wonderfulC．beautifulD．quiet解析：选B因为法国佩皮尼昂市融合了法国和西班牙两国的文化，故对于一位像作者一样的语言学者而言是极好的一个地方。4．A.interestedB．disappointedC．luckyD．honest解析：选A根据语境可知，作者对于学习法语和西班牙语很感兴趣。5．A.spaceB．messageC．resultD．opportunity解析：选D佩皮尼昂市的地理位置给了作者机会在法国和西班牙两国之间旅行。6．A.weekdaysB．holidaysC．monthsD．ages解析：选A根据上文“exploreSpainattheweekends”以及作者在法国工作的事实可知，作者的工作日在法国度过。7．A.businessB．chanceC．balanceD．exercise解析：选C根据上文的内容可知这是一个完美的平衡。8．A.shipB．planeC．busD．railway解析：