动词不定式八大用法 【基础梳理+考点探究】高考英语语法专项突破 （含答案解析）

高考英语语法知识清单+强化训练讲义动词不定式八大用法（解析版）讲义目录考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法考点清单四、不定式作定语典型用法考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法考点清单七、不定式的三种典型省略用法考点清单八、动词不定式的复杂形式分层训练（一）高考真题分层训练（二）模拟试题分层训练（三）单句改错分层训练（四）句式升级（书面表达）分层训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创）分层训练（六）好题快递（最新模拟）考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法要点精讲：1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为)。2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-todo短语作主语(谓语用单数)。3.常考句型Itis+adj.+of/forsbtodosth结构；Ittakessb.timetodosth.等。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Ittookyearsofwork_____________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.2.It’simportantforthefigures_____________(update)regularly.3.Whenandwheretostarttheprograms____________(remain)unknown.4.(2019全国III)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake__________(get)there.【答案与解析】1.toreduce。Ittakessb.timetodosth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是toreduce。2.tobeupdated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是tobeupdated。3.remains。wh-todo短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。4.toget。这是Ittakessbtimetodosth.句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故答案是toget。考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法要点精讲1：只接todo作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的manage,expect,choose,afford/agree/attempt,refuse,fail,intend,plan/pretend/promise,seem,decide/desire/determine【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。5.Theyfailed_____________(grasp)theimportanceofhiswords.6.Sheneverseemed________(care)whattherestofusthoughtabouther.7.(2019浙江)OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'gradesimprovedalittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant__________(wear)theuniform.【答案与解析】5.tograsp。failtodo未能做某事。故答案是tograsp。6.tocare。seemtodo好像做某事。故答案是tocare。7.towear。wanttodosth表示“想做某事”。故答案是towear。要点精讲2：接todo/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明forget,remember/regret,goon,stop,can’thelp,mean,try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。forgettodo忘记要去做某事（未做）forgetdoing忘记已经做过某事（已做）remembertodo记得将要做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得已经做过某事（已做）regrettodo遗憾去做某事（未做）regretdoing后悔做过某事（已做）goontodo继续做另一件事（对象变了）goondoing继续做正在做的事（对象不变）stoptodo停下来去做另一件事（对象变了）stopdoing停止做某事（对象不变）can’thelptodo不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事meantodo打算做某事（未做）meandoing意味着做某事（解释作用）trytodo努力做某事（不一定成功）trydoing尝试做某事（强调尝试和行动）【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。8.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways________(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.9.--Look!Thewindowisopen.--I’msorry.Iforgot____________(close)it.10.Iremembered_________(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.11.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_________(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.【答案与解析】8.getting。这里应用meandoing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。9.toclose。这里应用forgettodo表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是toclose。10.tolock。remembertodo表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是tolock。11.living。trydoing强调“尝试着做了某事”，符合语境要求，故答案是living。考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to，但在被动语态中to应加上):巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉notice,let,make,hear,listento,see,observe,watch,have,feel【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。12.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew(deal)withbyourselveseveryday.13.Hewasobserved________________(enter)theofficesilently.14.WhenIcameinIsawhim______________(listen)tomusic.【答案与解析】12.todeal。本句不是havesbdosth句式，而是havesthtodo表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是todeal。13.toenter。observesbdosth是固定句型，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中to应加上。故答案是toenter。14.listening。结合语境这里应用seesbdoingsth…表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故答案是listening。要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接todo后作宾补)warn,tell,ask,persuade,expect等。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。15.Passengersarepermitted___________(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.16.Energydrinksarenotallowed____________(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.17.Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.18.Theyarerequired________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.19.(2020年浙江卷1月)Themedian(中位数的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected____________(increase)to42by2050.【答案与解析】15.tocarry。permitsbtodosth允许某人做事，故答案是tocarry。16.tomake。allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事，故答案是tomake。17.tostay。本句考查allowsbtodosth表示“允许某人做某事”。故答案是tostay。18.toprocess。本题考查requiresbtodosth表示“要求某人做某事”。故答案是toprocess。19.toincrease。本题考查expectsbtodosth表示“期待某人做某事”，故答案是toincrease。要点精讲3：用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式”构成独立主格结构。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。20.Withalotofdifficultproblems___________(solve),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.21.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__________(follow)inayear.22.Withalotofhomework___________(do),Idecidednottowatchtheperformancewithyou.【答案与解析】20.tosolve。withsthtodo是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是tosolve。21.tofollow。本句是省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式”构成独立主格结构。故答案是tofollow。22.todo。withsthtodo是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是todo。要点精讲4：besaid类动词：besaid/believed/reported/knowntodo类句型，可以转化为Itissaidthat…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。23.Robertissaid_____________(study)abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.24.Policearesearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto_____________(miss)sincethefloodhitthearea.【答案与解析】23.tohavestudied。besaidtodo表示“据说做某事”；whatcountryhestudiedin暗示该动作已结束，故答案是tohavestudied。24.havebeenmissing。sincethefloodhitthearea暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故答案是havebeenmissing。考点清单四、不定式作定语典型用法要点精讲：1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。25.Themeeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrowisveryimportant.26.Theairport_____________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.27.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceoftheboy,sayingthathewasnottheone(blame).28.(2020浙江)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology________(change)lives.【答案与解析】25.being;held;tobeheld。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being;held;tobeheld。26.tobecompleted。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是tobecompleted。27.toblame。(be)toblame表示“该受到责备”，主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是toblame。28.tochange。结合语境应用单词不定式作定语。故答案是tochange。考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于todo,soastodo,inordertodo结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。29.Thelocalgovernmenthasdoneeverythingitcan__________(save)theburiedminers.30._______(accept)asanOlympicevent,asportmustbeplayedinatleast75countriesonatleast4continents.31.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere(train)foraspaceflight.32.(2020天津改编)Thelocalgovernmentdoesn'thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotection_________(promote)economicgrowth.【答案与解析】29.tosave。itcan是定语从句thatitcando的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是tosave。30.Tobeaccepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是Tobeaccepted。31.tobetrained。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是tobetrained。32.topromote。不定式作目的状语，故答案是topromote。要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to,enoughtodo,onlytodo,so…asto,suchasto等结构。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。33.Hehurriedtothestation,only____________(inform/find/tell)thatthetrainhadleft.34.Wouldyoubesokindas_____________(carry)theluggageforme?35.NowI’mbraveenough____________(stand)upandanswerthequestion.【答案与解析】33.tobeinformed/tofind/tobetold。onlytodo常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是tobeinformed/tofind/tobetold。34.tocarry。so…astodo引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是tocarry。35.tostand。…enoughtodo是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是tostand。要点精讲3：不定式用于be+adj+todo构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。36.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_________(breathe).37.(2019全国I)Modemmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive__________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.【答案与解析】36.tobreathe。不定式用于be+adj+todo构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是tobreathe。37.toperform。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+adj+todo构成的反射不定式，故答案是toperform。考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。38.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.39.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____________(not,make)itmoredifficult.【答案与解析】38.tobeseen。Itremainstobeseenwhether….是固定句型，表示“是否……有待观察”，故答案是tobeseen。39.nottomake。这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了对比，不定式to不能省略，故答案是nottomake。考点清单七、不定式的三种典型省略用法要点精讲1：感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）；【即时训练】单句改错或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。40.Thelibrarianwillletyoutoknowwhenthebookhasbeenreturned.改错41.Theyounggirlwasobserved________________(enter)theofficesilently.【答案与解析】40.去掉to。letsbdosth让某人做事，故答案是去掉to。41.toenter。感官动词接不定式作宾补时省略to，被动语态中to应加上，故答案是toenter。要点精讲2：下列句型常省略to：mayaswelldosth最好还是做……hadbetterdo最好做某事donothingbutdosth别无选择只好做某事can’thelpbutdosth.禁不住做某事Whynotdosth?何不做某事？prefertodo…ratherthandosth,宁愿做……而不愿做……wouldratherdo…thando…宁愿做……而不愿做……【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。42.Ratherthan______(ride)onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_______(ride)abicycle.43.Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynot____________(try,go)byboatforachange?44.IlostmykeysintheofficesoIcoulddonothingbuttowaitformymother.改错【答案与解析】42.ride;toride。prefertodosthratherthandosth表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”，故答案是ride;toride。43.trygoing。Whynotdo…?是固定句型；trydoing强调“尝试着做”。故答案是trygoing。44.去掉to。donothingbutdo是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”，故答案是去掉to。要点精讲3：在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。【即时训练】单句改错。45.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnottodo.46.Asweallknow,Chinaisnolongerthecountryitusedto.【答案与解析】45.去掉do。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。46.to后加be。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，不定式后面是动词be时，tobe应保留。故答案是to后加be。考点清单八、动词不定式的复杂形式不定式的否定式、完成式和被动式（以动词find为例）内容主动语态被动语态否定式一般式tofindtobefoundnottofind完成式tohavefoundtohavebeenfoundnottohavefound【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。47.Theboypretended_____________(read)thebookwhentheteachercamein.48.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle___________(hear).49.Hegotupearlythismorningsoas_____________(miss)theearlytrain.50.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseems__________(go)wrongwithit.【答案与解析】47.tobereading。pretendtobedoing假装正在做某事。故答案是tobereading。48.tobeheard。struggletodo努力做某事。故答案是tobeheard。49.nottomiss。soasnottodosth为了不做某事。故答案是nottomiss。50.tohavegone。结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是tohavegone。分层训练（一）高考真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.(2022全国乙)___________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia…2.(2022全国甲)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.3.(2022新高考I)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.4.(2022新高考II)Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___________(see)them.5.(2022浙江1月)ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans___________(continue)thepractice.6.(2021北京)Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed___________(invest)indisasterprevention.7.(2021全国乙)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.8.(2020全国I)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4_______(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.9.(2020全国II)Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.10.(2020全国III)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout_________(find)thewell-knownpainter.【答案与解析】1.Tostrengthen。考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填Tostrengthen。2.tojourney。考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填tojourney。3.toincrease。考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填toincrease。4.tosee。考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climbup为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用todo不定式作目的状语。故填tosee。5.tocontinue。考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plantodosth“计划做”，故填tocontinue。6.toinvest。考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填toinvest。7.tohave。考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aimtodo译为“旨在，目的是”。故填tohave。8.tofind。考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填tofind。9.tocare。考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be+形容词+todo”结构。故填tocare。10.tofind。考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为setouttodosth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填tofind。分层训练（二）模拟试题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11.(2018天津)Ididn'tmean___________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp__________(try)it.12.(2017全国III)Sarah,whohastakenpartinshows,wants______(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.13.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.14.Birdssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirds__________(keep)away.15.Thelatestinformationconfirmsmybeliefthatheis_____________(blame)fortheaccident.16.Theyaretalkingaboutwhattheywillbringtotheparty___________(hold)thisweekend.17.Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,__________(make)mattersworse,itbegantorain.18.__________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.19.Withalargeamountofworkremain________(do),theengineercouldn’tsparetimeforaholiday..20.Thenovelisbelievedto_________________(translate)intotenforeignlanguagessofar.【答案】11.toeat;trying12.toprove13.tothank14.tokeep15.tohavebeentold16.tobeheld17.tomake18.Tocomplete19.tobedone20.tohavebeentranslated分层训练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21.(2022全国甲)Iwasunwillingtalkwithhimandoftendisobeyedhisruleofnotstayingoutwithmyfriendstoolate.22.Itisconsiderateforhimtoinformmeofthedateforthemeeting.23.Therearefivepairstochoose,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.24.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillnesstomake.25.That’stheonlywaywecanimaginereducetheoveruseofwaterinbathrooms.26.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaitingtodiscover.27.IwouldlovetogotothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport28.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearstohavetoldeverything.21.We’dbetternottomissthechancetoenjoytheplay.30.Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.Sorry.Withsomuchworkfillmymind,Ialmostbreakdown.【答案】21.talk前加to22.for改为of23.choose后加from24.make改为bemade25.reduce前加to26.discover改为bediscovered27.go改为havegone28.have后加been29.去掉第一个to30.fill改为filling分层训练（四）句式升级书面表达句式升级：请运用动词不定式翻译下列各句。1.(2022全国乙)因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天或打游戏上瘾。2.(2022全国乙)学生们急切的是提高自律性，父母和老师们也迫切需要提高指导性。3.(2022全国乙)目前，随着智能手机和电脑日益普及，越来越多学生正选择在教室之外以各种方式学英语。4.(2022全国甲)另外，我们可以分发传单号召更多的人保护海洋。5.(2022全国甲)设置“世界海洋日”目的是提高海洋保护意识，这在全球生态系统中起关键作用。6.(2022全国甲)国家间应该携起手来制定切实可行保护海洋的方案。7.(2022新高考I)这是我第一次邀请你参加我们TalkandTalk节目。8.(2022新高考I)现在我们学英语有困难时，很多学生迫切知道如何解决。9.(2021全国乙)另一方面，网络学习本身也有一些不足，使我们很难不受影响。10.(2021全国甲)因为这个活动将在网站呈现，我真诚希望你能提一些建议。【答案】1.Becauseoftheirlackofself-discipline,they’remoreeasilyaddictedtochattingonlineorplayinggames.2.It’surgentforstudentsthemselvestoimprovetheirself-discipline,andit’salsourgentforparentsandteacherstostrengthentheguidance.3.Nowadays,withthegrowingpopularityofsmartphonesandcomputers,anincreasingnumberofstudentsarechoosingtolearnEnglishbeyondtheclassroominvariousways.4.What’smore,wecanalsohandoutleafletstocallonmorepeopletoprotecttheocean.5.WorldOceansDaywassetuptoraiseawarenessofprotectingtheoceans,whichplayacrucialpartinglobalecosystem.6.Countriesshouldteamupwithoneanothertoworkoutpracticalplansregardingoceanprotection.7.ThisismyfirsttimethatIhaveinvitedyoutoattendourprogram—TalkandTalk.8.Now,whenhavingtroubleinlearningEnglishwell,plentyofstudentsurgetoknowhowtodealwithit.9.Ontheotherhand,onlinelearningitselfhassomeimperfections,makingitdifficultforusnottobeaffected.10.BecausethisactivitywillbepresentedontheEnglishwebsite,Isincerelywantyoutooffermesomeadvice.分层训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创）热点话题：问天实验舱对接天宫核心舱体裁：说明文TheShenzhou-14crewenteredtheWentianlabmoduleat10:03a.m.onJuly26,2022,41(make)thefirsttimethatChineseastronautshaveenteredalabmoduleinorbit.Itisthefirsttimethatspacerendezvousanddocking(交会和对接)42(carry)outduringtheastronauts'stayinthespacestation,theCMSsaid.Forthefirsttime,thetaikonauts43orbitcanusetheairlockcabininWentiantocarryoutextravehicularactivities(EVAs).Thenodecabininthecoremodule,which44(usual)servesastheexitandentryforEVAs,willbecomeabackupoftheairlockcabin.45(compare)withthenodecabin,theairlockcabinhasalargerdoor,46ismoreconvenientforthetaikonauts

toenterandexitthespacecraftaswellastransfertoolsandmaintenance47(equip).

TheShenzhou-14crewwill,forthefirsttime,beaidedbythesmallmechanicalarmtocarryoutEVAs.Thetaikonauts

arealsoscheduled48(give)anotherspacelecturefromtheWentianlabmodule.AsamajorcomponentofChina'sspacestation,theWentianlabmodulenotonlyfunctions49theexperimentplatformforlifesciences,50providestaikonautswithmorespacetoliveandwork,andservesasthefullbackuptothespacestation'skeysystemaswell.41.marking42.havebeencarried43.in44.usually45.Compared46.which47.equipment48.togive49.as50.but【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍问天实验舱顺利与天宫实验室对接，为下步太空实验和太空行走奠定基础。41.marking。结合语境现在分词短语作结果状语，表示主动行为。42.havebeencarried。Itisthefirsttimethat…是固定句型，表示“某人第一次做某事”，从句常用现在完成时，本句还有被动含义。43.in。inorbit是固定搭配，表示“在轨运行”。44.usually。修饰动词应用副词。45.Compared。Comparedwith….是固定搭配，表示“和……相比”，用作插入语。46.which。which引导非限制性定语从句，并充当其主语。47.equipment。结合语境此处需要名词作宾语。equipment表示“设施，设备”。48.togive。bescheduledtodosth表示“计划做某事”。49.as。functionas…表示“发挥作为……的作用”，相当于actas。50.but。notonly…but(also)…表示“不但……而且……”。分层训练（六）好题快递一、阅读理解C【广东省深圳中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底考试英语试题】MichaelJacksonhadBubbles,achimpanzee(黑猩猩).JustinBieberhadOgMally,acapuchin(卷尾猴),untilitwasseizedbyGermancustomsofficialsandputinazoo.Rihannahasbeenphotographedbottle-feedingababymonkeyonholiday.ThestarswouldfindfewfansintheBritishgovernment,whichonDecember12,2020placednewrestrictionsonkeepingprimates(灵长目动物)aspets.Somewherebetween1,000and5,000marmoserts,lemurs,tamarinsandotherlittlespeciesofprimatesarekeptinprivateownershipinBritain,thegovernmentsays,oftenboredtomisery.OneofthebenefitsofcuttingloosefromtheEuropeancontinentisthatBritaincanfullyexpressitspassionforanimals.Politiciansareonlytoohappytoworkforit,forpet-friendlypoliciesarecheapandpopular.Inthepreviouselection,theToryPartypromisedtohelpreunitemissingpetswiththeirownersbymakingitcompulsorytoputchipsintothebodiesofcatsanddogs,andtodealwithanimalsmuggling(走私).TheLabourPartypromisedtobanthelive-boilingoflobstersinrestaurants.Yet,Britain’sanimalwelfarelawsarealreadyamongthemostcomprehensiveintheworld,accordingtotheAnimalProtectionIndex.Wildanimalsintravelingcircuseswerebannedbylawlastyear,butadecreasingpublicappetiteforparadesofelephantsandtigersbalancedonchairshadalreadyputanendtothebusiness.Bythetimethebancameintoforce,onlytwolicensedanimalcircuseswereleftinBritain.MembersofParliamentaremovedbythesadlossofpetsbecauseofmotoraccidents.JamesDalyhasproposedGizmo’sLaw,namedafteracat,thevictimofahit-and-runaccident,whichwasburnedwithoutitsowner’sknowledge.Thelawrequiresthatdeadanimalsbebroughtbackfromtheroadsidetoscanthemformicrochips,sothattheycanbereunitedwiththeirbrokenheartedownersratherthanbeingburnedwithouttheirnamesbeingknown.Adraftbillin2018proposedcriminalizingdriverswhofailedtostopafterstrikingacat.Hit-and-runsondogs,pigs,goatsandhumansarealreadyillegal.28.WhatdoestheauthorwanttointroducebymentioningthethreestarsinParagraph1?A.Arecentpet-friendlypolicyinBritain.B.Britishpeople’spassionforanimals.C.Atrendtowardskeepingprimatesaspets.D.ThepresentsituationofprimatesinBritain.29.WhatdoweknowaboutBritain’spoliticians?A.They’retwo-facedaboutanimalwelfare.B.TheydisapproveofEuropeananimalwelfare.C.Theyusedtoblameeachotheronanimalwelfare.D.Theydevotedtomakinglawsonanimalwelfare.30.WhyaredeadanimalsinGizmo’sLawscanned?A.Totrackthehit-and-rundriver.B.Tohelptheanimalsfindtheirwayhome.C.Toinformtheirownersoftheaccidents.D.Tofindouttheexactlocationsoftheaccidents.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Animalwelfare:allyouneedtoknowB.CouldBritainbealeaderinanimalwelfare?C.Couldanimalwelfareplansbesmartpolitics?D.Animalwelfare:afavoriteissueforpoliticians.【答案】28.C29.D30.C31.A【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了英国的动物福利法律的有关内容，介绍其设立的原因等【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“ThestarswouldfindfewfansintheBritishgovernment,whichonDecember12,2020placednewrestrictionsonkeepingprimates(灵长目动物)aspets.Somewherebetween1,000and5,000marmoserts,lemurs,tamarinsandotherlittlespeciesofprimatesarekeptinprivateownershipinBritain,thegovernmentsays,oftenboredtomisery.(2020年12月12日，英国政府出台了新的限制措施，禁止饲养灵长类动物作为宠物。政府说，在英国，大约有1000到5000只狨猴、狐猴、绢毛猴和其他小型灵长类动物被私人豢养，它们经常无聊到痛苦)”可推断，作者在前文提到三只明星灵长类动物是为了介绍人们把灵长类动物作为宠物的趋势。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“OneofthebenefitsofcuttingloosefromtheEuropeancontinentisthatBritaincanfullyexpressitspassionforanimals.Politiciansareonlytoohappytoworkforit,forpet-friendlypoliciesarecheapandpopular.(英国脱欧后的一大好处便是可以充分表达其对动物的热情。政客们之所以乐此不疲，是因为宠物福利政策成本低廉且深受欢迎)”可知，英国的政客们致力于制定有关动物福利的政策。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“MembersofParliamentaremovedbythesadlossofpetsbecauseofmotoraccidents.JamesDalyhasproposedGizmo’sLaw,namedafteracat,thevictimofahit-and-runaccident,whichwasburnedwithoutitsowner’sknowledge.Thelawrequiresthatdeadanimalsbebroughtbackfromtheroadsidetoscanthemformicrochips,sothattheycanbereunitedwiththeirbrokenheartedownersratherthanbeingburnedwithouttheirnamesbeingknown.(国会议员们被车祸导致的宠物的悲惨损失所感动。詹姆斯·戴利提出了“吉兹莫法”，以一只猫的名字命名，它是一场肇事逃逸事故的受害者，在主人不知情的情况下被火化了。该法律规定，死去的动物从路边带回来，扫描它们的微芯片，以便伤心的主人能够和它们见上最后一面，而不该在不知其身份信息的情况下直接火化)”可知，“吉兹莫法”法律规定死去的动物被扫描，是为了告知主人事故的发生。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Yet,Britain’sanimalwelfarelawsarealreadyamongthemostcomprehensiveintheworld,accordingtotheAnimalProtectionIndex.(然而，根据“动物保护指数”的数据，英国已经拥有世界上最全面的动物福利法律之一了)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了英国的动物福利法律有关内容，讲述了其设立的原因等，因此推断A项“动物福利：所有你需要知道的事情”为最佳标题。故选A。D【2023届四川省内江市高三上学期零模英语试题】Oneoftheimportant,butseldom-discussed,problemsinhealthcarereformishowtotakecareofouragingpopulationaspeoplecontinuetolivelonger.AccordingtoanewstudyfromtheMacArthurResearchNetworkonanAgingSociety,by2050Americansmaylive3.1to7.9yearslongerthanthegovernmentexpects.Thatwouldmeanwomenwouldlive89to93yearsandmen83tonearly86years.Theresearchersbasetheirconclusionon“rapidadvancesinbiomedical(生物医药)technologythatdelaythestartandprogressionofmajordeadlydiseasesorthatslowtheagingprocess.”Whilethisisgoodnews,especiallyfortheyoung,thelifeexpectancy,whichisinexcessof(超过)thegovernment’sestimates,wouldraisecostssharplyforMedicareandSocialSecurity.Ifthestudy’spredictionsareaccurate,thetotalcostforthosetwoprogramsthrough2050couldbebetween$3.2trillionand$8.3trillionhigherthantheUSCensusBureauandtheSocialSecurityAdministrationcurrentlyexpect.Andthat’sonlythebeginning.Withanticipatedscientificbreakthroughsincomingdecades,peoplecouldeventuallyliveto150yearsofage,saysDr.StevenJoyal,anofficialoftheLifeExtensionFoundation(LEF),anonprofitorganizationthatpromotesresearchonhowwecanlivelongerandhealthier.TheMacArthurpaper,infact,saysthatsomeexpertsbelievetheaveragelifeexpectancycouldhit100by2060.What’smore,Joyalsays,overcomingdiseaseandslowingdowntheagingprocesswillleadtoasharpdeclineindisability,allowingpeopleofadvancedagetofunctionaswellastheydidwhentheyweremuchyounger.“Inotherwords,a90-year-oldpersoncouldhavethesamementalandphysicalcapacity(能力)assomebody40or50yearsold.”32.Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?A.GreatprogresshasbeenmadeintheUSinpublicsecurity.B.Americanswilllivemuchlongerby2050thantheydonow.C.FewpeoplepayattentiontothehealthcarereformintheUS.D.FewerAmericanssufferfromdeadlydiseasenowthanbefore.33.WhatprobablyhelpsAmericanslivemuchlonger?A.Socialsecurity. B.Healthcarereform.C.Biomedicaltechnology. D.Newresearchinhealthcare.34.WhatproblemmayalongerlifeexpectancyintheUSleadto?A.Itwillincreasepubliccostsforthegovernment.B.Theoldwillhavesomementalproblems.C.Itaddstothechanceofbeingdisabled.D.Theagingprocesswillspeedup.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LifeforSeniorCitizensintheUSB.DisadvantagesofLongerLifeExpectancyC.TheLongerLifeExpectancyintheFutureD.WhatCanBeDonetoSupportSoManyAgedPeople【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，由于生物医药技术的快速发展，未来人类预期的寿命会更长久，这是一个好消息，但随之也带来了一些难题。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“AccordingtoanewstudyfromtheMacArthurResearch