高中英语语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解及习题

动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态一般式一般式进行式完成式完成进行式（not）todo(not)tobedoing(not)tohavedone(not)tohavebeendoing动词不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后谓语动词的动作发生时，动词不定式的动作正在发生动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作或特定时间之前动词不定式的动作在谓语动词动作之前，且一直在持续练习：I’mveryhappy(hear)thattheGermanteamwonthematch.Sheissaid(study)inFrance.据说她正在法国留学。Hepretended(sleep)whenhisyoungerbrothercamein.当他弟弟进来时，他假装在睡觉。Whenyoucalledmeup,Ihappened(prepare)dinner.你给我打电话时，我正好在做饭。Youarelucky（get）ticketstothefootballmatch.你买到了足球赛门票，真幸运。Heappears(wait)hereforalongtime.他似乎在这里等了很久。（仍然在等待）单选1.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented3.Tomhappenedwhentheyspokeillofhim.A.passingbyB.tobepassingbyC.topassingbyD.tohavingpassedby4.Thedoctorwarnedthepatientnottoeatsuga’msorry.Itoldyouaboutit.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothaving5.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiNa,whowassaidamiracleinthetennis.A.makingB.havingmadeC.tohavemadeD.make6.Thepolicearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedtosincetheearthquakehitthearea.A.havebeenmissingB.missC.bemissedD.havemissed二．动词不定式的被动语态一般式一般式完成式tobedonetohavebeendone不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前Sheasked(send)toworkinTibet.她要求被派到西藏去工作。Ingeneral,peopledonotlike(makefunof).一般说来，人们都不喜欢被他人取笑。Thebookissaid(translate)intomorethan30languages.据说这本书已被翻译成了30多种语言。Thecompanyrequireshim(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.Theboyfeltannoyed(interrupt)whenhewasplayinggames.注意：动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义的常见情形1.名词/代词+be+easy/difficult/fit+动词不定式2.Therebe+名词+todo这周有很多家庭作业要做。3.Sbhave/get/want/need+宾语+todo我有一些椅子要修。4.give/show/buy/lendsbsthtodoHewillshowyouthewaytotake.Pleaselendhimsomebookstoread.5.betoblameforThefirmwastoblamefortheaccident.单选1.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposedoutassoonaspossible.A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending2.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.SheappearsEverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold3.Whenelephantseathugequantitiesofleavesandgrasses,otheranimalshavetroublefindingenoughfood.A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.toeatD.beingeaten4.Inmanypeople’sopinion,theCEOofthecompany,thoughrelativelyyoung,ispleasant.A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith5.Thefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused6.Itisunclearwhetherfaultydesignorpoorconstructionwasforthecollapseofthebuilding.A.blamingB.blamedC.beingblamedD.toblame三．动词不定式作主语Itbe+形容词（difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/interesting/necessary）+forsb+不定式Itbe+形容词(careful/clever/wise/impolite/nice/right/wrong/bad/kind)+ofsb+不定式Itbe+名词(pleasure/pity/crime/shame/honour)+不定式4.Ittakes(sb)time+不定式练习：1.basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A.KnownB.HavingknownC.ToknowD.Beingknown2.Accordingtothedoctor,wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneasecurityofficer.A.employedB.employingC.toemployD.employs4.takesconfidencetomakeanewstart——there’sadarkperiodin-betweenwhereyou’areneitheronethingnortheother.A.ThatB.ThisC.OneD.It5.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade6.Althoughregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatooclosetobedtime.A.toexercisingB.toexerciseC.exercisingD.exercises四，动词不定式作宾语agree/decline(谢绝，婉拒)/refuse/offer/promise/choose/decide/determine/intend（打算）/manage（设法）/expect/wish/tend（趋向，倾向）/mean（打算）/pretend（假装）/afford……+不定式动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stoptodostoptodostopdoingremembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoontodogoondoingallowsbtodoallowdoingregrettodoregretdoingmeantodomeandoing有些动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意思差别不大，如like/love/begin/start/prefer/continue/hate/intendtodo/doingfeel/find/make/think/believe/considerit+adj./n.+不定式advise/decide/discuss/learn/know/show/tell+疑问词+不定式①介词but/except/besides+todo②介词but/except/besides前面有实义动词do及其各种形式时，but/except/besides+do(to省略)Theyoungmanhadnochoicebut(go)abroadforfurtherstudyatthattime.WhatcanMarydobesides(try)tosellherhouse?Heusedtodonothingbut(lie)inbed,listeningtotheradio.Shewantsnothingbut(drink)acupoftea.单选1.Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported2.ThecitizensweretoldfirecrakersaftertheSpringFestival.A.notsetoffB.don’tsetoffC.notsettingoffD.nottosetoff3.Inthewest,peoplemakearuletosendChristmaspresentstotheirrelativesandfriends.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one4.Wefeelourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one5.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfinddifficulttotellonefromtheother.A.itB.themC.herD.that6.Theteacheraskedusomuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake7.ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what五．动词不定式作表语（表示目的和结果）和定语系动词+表语系动词：beseem、appear动词不定式一般作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。(1)thefirst/thesecond/thelast/thebest/theonlything+不定式（后置定语）（2）Thereisnothingtoworryabout.ThecityIchosetoliveinwasShenzhen.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.单选1.Myfive-yearplanisintodifferentmarketsandopenupanentitythatfocusessolelyonnonprofitorganisations.A.expandB.toexpandC.tobeexpandingD.tohaveexpanded2.TherearestillmanyproblemsbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.A.solvingB.solvedC.beingsolvedD.tobesolved3.ThateconimicboomledtoLuandabeingnamedthemostexpensivecityintheworld.A.toliveinB.toliveC.livingD.livingin4.——Thelastonepaysthemeal.——Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving六．动词不定式作状语1.动词不定式作目的状语Hedrewamaptoshowushowtogettohishouse.Toaccomplishthetaskontime,wehavetoworkdayandnight.为了加强语气，在动词不定式前面可以加inorder/soasHeranveryquicklysoasto/inordertocatchthelastbus.注意：soasto引出的目的状语不能放在句首；inorderto引出的目的状语既可以放在句首也可以放在句子后部。2.动词不定式作结果状语only/never+动词不定式：强调结果和失望的情绪。Theyhurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleftHewentofftothewar,nevertoreturnalive.Sbbe+对人进行表扬或批评的形容词（right/polite/crazy/geneous/kind/nice/greedy/silly）+动词不定式练习：1.Herushedbacktocollecthiscameraafterthequake,onlythatthebuildinghadcollapsed.A.findingB.havingfoundC.foundD.tofind2.thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.A.WorkingoutB.WorkedoutC.ToworkoutD.Workout3.——Ihopetotakethecomputercourse.——Goodidea.moreaboutit,visitourwebsite.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.TobefindingoutD.Havingfoundout4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlyitdidn’tfit.A.tofindB.foundC.findingD.havingfound5.Groupactivitieswillbeorganisedafterclassthechildrendeveloptheteamspirit.A.helpingB.havinghelpedC.helpedD.tohelp6.Whenyouareoutinnature,itisimportanttospeaksoftlyfrightentheanimalsaway.A.sonotastoB.soastonotC.soasnottoD.notsoasto七．动词不定式作补足语allow/ask/advise/beg/cause/drive/encourage/expect/forbid/force/get/order/permit/persuade/teach/tell/want/warn/wishsbtodosth感官动词（feel/hear/watch/see）、使役动词（let/have/make）sbdosthSbbemadetodosth练习1.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning2.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenherupfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow八．疑问词（who/whom/what/which/when/how/where）+动词不定式注意：why后面不直接加动词不定式练习He’salreadyanxiousabouttodoifAmyleavesthecompany.A.whatB.whereC.whichD.whoI’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expect3.——Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhatnext?——Ofcourse.A.doesB.todoC.tobedoneD.doingAllIcanthinkaboutistogetthemoneytosavemydaughter’slife.A.whatB.whyC.howDwhichThere’resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymindtobuy.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where6.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit高考链接2015高考21._____theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.A.CatchingB.CaughtC.TocatchD.Catch2015模拟海淀一模29.Mikewillbecomethefirstpersoninhisfamily______collegeeducation.A.finishedB.havingfinishedC.finishingD.tofinish朝阳一模22.Inordertokeepfit,theoldmanmakesitarule_____forawalkaftersuppereveryday.A.going B.togo C.go D.gone西城一模26．Mygrannydoescrosswo