英语专业八级写作

/简介题目构成通常用一句或若干句引出写作话题，然后对写作任务进行限定，如提出要回答的问题，说明写作目的，读者对象等。提出作文的标题，有时会自拟。对文章结构，评分标准或答题方式进行说明。e.g. Allofuswouldagreethatinordertobesuccessfulinthepresent-daysociety,weuniversitystudentshavetopossesscertainpersonalqualitiesthatenableustorealizeouraims.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantpersonalqualityofauniversitystudent?Writeacompositionofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic: TheMostImportantPersonalQualityofAUniversityStudent Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentonaturalconclusionorasummary. Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks. WriteyourcompositiononAnswerSheetFour.体裁说明文和议论文为主，三段式为主。话题范围教育，网络，个人品格与成功，个人与整体关系，学生经商，求职面试，理想追求，经济地位与友谊，大学生活等。收集相关知识收集相关话题的观点收集相关话题的论据收集相关话题的表达评分标准1.思想表达满分10分，极差1-2，较差3-4，一般5-6，良好7-8，优秀9-10思想内容内容切题 1分内容充实 1分观点明确 1分论据支持论点 1分有独到见解 0.5分（额外加）表达效果表达清晰流畅 0.5分有说服力 0.5分篇章组织结构每段有主题句 1分句间衔接自然 1分段间过渡自然 1分第一部分明确提出观点 1分最后一部分自然得出结论 1分段落排列自然合理 0.5分（额外加）2.语言运用能力8分，极差1-2，较差3，一般4-5，良好6-7，优秀8准确性语法正确 2分句子结构正确 1分固定搭配正确/习语正确/用词准确 1分丰富性词汇丰富 1分（关键词用同义词，近义词，反义词替代）句子形式丰富 1分（长短结合，主被动结合，简单句和复合句结合，最好有虚拟语气，强调结构，修辞句，非谓语动词）得体性/语气恰当 1分语言地道 0.5分（不要说chinglish，符合英语的思维和表达习惯）流利度完成规定字数 0.5分3．写作规范，较差0.5，一般1，良好1.5，优秀2.单词拼写正确 0.5分表达符号正确 0.5分大小写正确 0.5分书写美观/卷面整洁 0.5分常见错误：写作步骤三步走写前读懂题目，明确题目的范围和要求（写得对）依据题目的要点，放开思路寻找所有可能有用的想法（写得多）在这些想法当中找出最合适最合用的部分，组织文章的框架（写得好）写中重点解决语言问题，严格按照提纲写！关键句和衔接：中心句，主题句，段落之间和句子之间的衔接词和衔接句语言丰富程度：词汇和句式不单调，多用近义词或同义词或反义词，句式长短结合，结构丰富。文体恰当写后重点检查两个问题：文章的连贯语言的准确与恰当：语法，拼写，标点，文体错误等结构introductionparagraph(引言段)第一部分：引言句：吸引读者兴趣第二部分：话题句：引出文章话题第三部分：中心句：表明写作目的或观点或暗示正文结构。bodyparagraph（论证段、主体段）分论点一（要点一）：证据1，证据2，证据3分论点二（要点二）：证据1，证据2，证据3分论点三（要点三）：证据1，证据2，证据3concludingparagraph（结尾段）总结文章要点(summary)对该话题作最终评论(finalcomment)以2005年和2002年真题为例：2005Interviewisfrequentlyusedbyemployersasameanstorecruitprospectiveemployees.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanyargumentsfororagainsttheinterviewasaselectionprocedure.Whatisyouropinion?Writeanessayofabout400wordstostateyourview.Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.2002Allofuswouldagreethatinordertobesuccessfulinthepresent-daysociety,weuniversitystudentshavetopossesscertainpersonalqualitiesthatcanenableustorealizeouraims.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantpersonalqualityofauniversitystudent?Writeacompositionofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic:TheMostImportantPersonalQualityofAUniversityStudent引言段的写作方法第一部分：吸引读者兴趣（统计数据/设问/引语）方法一：统计数据(真实可信，可以适当夸大)Everydaymillionsofjob-huntersintheworldwritelettersofapplication,wishingthattheywouldbegivenachanceofinterview.(2005)Nowadaystensofthousandsofuniversitystudentsaregraduatedfromtheirschoolsandtheyallwanttobesuccessfulinthismodernworld.(2002)方法二：设问（2个以上）Nowinoursocietywhatdoyouhavetodoifyouwanttofindagoodjob?Whatliesbetweenyouandanidealjob?(下句回答：Thatisinterview.)2005Doyouknowanyuniversitygraduatewhodoesnotwanttosucceedinthesociety?Whatdoesittakeforauniversitygraduatetosucceedinthemodernsociety?2002方法三：用引语“Successcomesnotonlyfromperspirationandinspiration,butalsofromsatisfactoryperformanceininterviews,”commentedDr.Kenlyinhisbook.(这里最好提众所周知的人或介绍下此人以示权威)2005AccordingtotraditionalChinesethoughts,atalentmustbeexcellentatabilityandmorality.2002第二部分：引出文章话题（开门见山/收网式/驳论式）方法一：开门见山Nowadaysinterviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinrecruitment.2005Inthemodernsociety,almostalluniversitystudentslookforwardtosuccess.2002方法二：收网式(由一个宽泛，读者认同的事实开始，逐步将读者的注意力引向文章主题)WiththedevelopmentofmarketeconomyinChina,moreandmorecompanieshavecomeintobeing.Whentheyneedtotakeupmorepeople,employersusuallyselectthroughinterviews.Similarly,whenpeopleneedtofindajob,theyalsoneedtoperformwellininterviews.Therefore,interviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinmodernsociety.2005Onefeatureofthemodernsocietyisthemorerespectgiventoindividualvalues.Whenfightingforpersonalvaluesandsuccess,studentsneedtocatchgoodopportunities,buttheyalsoneedtopossesssomeessentialpersonalqualities.2002方法三：驳论式(先说出一个与本文观点相反但读者可能会同意的观点，然后转折指出这个观点是错误的，同时提出自己的观点，可以短时间给读者以冲击，印象深刻)ManyofusmayagreethatChinaisasocietyrelyingheavilyonguanxi,orrelationship.Wemayallhavetheexperienceofhavingtoresorttocertainrelationshipinordertogetsomethingdone,tofindagoodjob,forexample./But,withdevelopmentofmarketeconomy,recruitmentisconductedmoreandmoreonthebasisofinterviewratherthanonvariouspersonalconnections.2005Asthemodernsocietyputsmoreemphasisonpersonaldifferenceandpersonalvalues,itprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstoseeksuccess./However,thefactisthatnoteveryonecansucceed.Successcallsforcertainopportunities,butmoreimportantly,callsformanypersonalqualities.第三部分：表明观点或写作目的，暗示正文结构（观点+阐释）2005Ibelievethatinterviewisverybeneficial.(直接但太宽泛)Obviously,interviewhasbeencrucialtoensurethequalityofemployees.(具体但缺乏层次)Inmyopinion,interviewhasbecomeveryimportantforbothemployeesandemployers.（观点明确，同时暗示了下文的内容将从两个方面展开）2002Inmyopinion,themostimportantqualityoneneedsinthemodernsocietyisadaptability.Ithinktosucceedinthemodernsociety,onehastohaveadaptabilitybecauseofitsimportanceinstudy,incareer,aswellasinfailures.bodyparagraph（论证段、主体段）分论点一（要点一）：证据1，证据2，证据3分论点二（要点二）：证据1，证据2，证据3分论点三（要点三）：证据1，证据2，证据3段落的基本构成：主题句+支持句（2-3个）+段落结尾句（重述本段内容）a.主题句的写法（话题加观点）2005Thesis:Ibelievethatinterviewcanbeverybeneficial.Topicsentences: Interviewprovidesinformationforbothpartiesinvolved. Interviewoffersabroadselectionforbothinterviewersandinterviewees. Interviewembodiesanimportantprincipleofthemodernsociety:fairness.Tips:分论点中不要转化topic,这样容易造成文章不连贯，主题不一致错误案例：Thesis:Ibelievethatinterviewcanbeverybeneficial.Topicsentences: Bothpartiesinvolvedcangetcrucialinformation. Bothinterviewersandintervieweescangetabroadselectionfrominterview. Animportantprincipleofthemodernsociety,fairness,canbeseenininterview.2002Thesis:Ithinktosucceedinthemodernsociety,onehastohaveadaptabilitybecauseofitsimportanceinstudy,incareer,aswellasinfailures.Topicsentences: Goodadaptabilitycanhelponebecomeasuccessfulstudent. Goodadaptabilitycanhelponesucceedinone’scareer. Goodadaptabilitycanhelponedealwithfailuressuccessfully.Tips:正文段落的排序：重要性，涉及话题，时间，空间等b.支持句/论据的写法Tips：不跑题；论据充分主题句:Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.方法一：专家论证Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Dr.David,physiologicalprofessorfromHarvardUniversity,declaredafteranationwidesurvey,“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldbebetteroffwithmorerest.”方法二：统计数据 Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Fromdiaryentriesandpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshaveconcludedthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.Bythe1950sand1960s,sleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.方法三：例子Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Thepresident,forexample,usedtoadmitthathefoundhisjobhardtodealwith,because,amongotherthings,hecouldsleeponlyforfourtofivehoursaday.Besides,manyemployerscomplainthattheirstaffcannotworkefficientlyintheafternoon,astheycannotgetenoughtimeforsleepthedaybefore.Andthepolicealsoreportsmoretrafficaccidentsbecausemanydriverscannotconcentrateduetothelackofsleep.方法四：个人经历 Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Whenincollege,Iusedtosleepforaboutninehourseveryday,butnowIcanonlysleepforaboutsixhoursifIwanttofinishmyjobontime.Iusuallyfeeltiredatwork,andsometimesIevenforgetwhatIsupposetod.Besides,Ifindthatmorethanhalfofmycolleaguesaresharingmyproblem.方法五：逻辑推理 Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Nowadays,thestepoflifehasbecomeincreasinglyfast,andpeopleareexpectedtoshouldermoreresponsibilitiesatwork.Besides,associalinteractionsbecomemoreconvenientandbroader,peoplehavetospendmoretimekeepingfriendsandotheracquaintsinfrequentcontact.Astheycannotfindmoretimeinoneday,alltheycandoisborrowfromthetimethatwaspreviouslyallocatedtosleep.Therefore,itisnaturaltofindthatmostpeopleintheStatesaresleepingless.方法六：常识 Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Itiswellknownthatmanypeoplearoundusconsidersleeptheleastimportantitemontheirlistsofiftheyarefacedwithheavypressurefromwork,family,orfriends.Thecomplexityoflifeforcesthemtocutdowntimespentonsleeping.Someotherpeoplesleeplessforfearthattheymayberegardedaslackingdriveandambition.方法七：类比 Lackofsleephasbecomeanepidemicinthenation.Wemayhavefoundthatinspringwhentreesandbushescomeinfullblossom,beesusuallyspendlesstimeintheirhivebecausetheyhavemorehoney-makingjobstodo.Similarly,whenpeoplehavemoreworktodo,theytendtosleepless,andthishascometrueforus.concludingparagraph（结尾段）a..总结文章要点(summary):1-2sentences方法一：直接总结法2005Bothpartiesinvolvedcangetcrucialinformation.Bothinterviewersandintervieweescangetabroadselectionfrominterview.Animportantprincipleofthemodernsociety,fairness,canbeseenininterview.Summary1:Interviewcanoffergreatbenefitstothesocietybecauseitcanprovidepeoplewithimportantinformationandselectionaswellasdemonstratingaprincipleoffairnessinthemodernsociety.Summary2:Interviewcanoffergreatbenefitstothesociety.Thiscanbeseennotonlyintheinformationitcanprovide,thewideselectionitmakespossible,butalsointheprincipleoffairnessithelpstoensureintheprocessofrecruitment.2002Goodadaptabilitycanhelponebecomeasuccessfulstudent.Goodadaptabilitycanhelponesucceedinone’scareer.Goodadaptabilitycanhelponedealwithfailuressuccessfully.Summary:Adaptabilityiscrucialforpeopleinthemodernsocietyduetoitsinfluenceonlearning,workingaswellasdealingwithhardsituation.方法二：首尾呼应法2005开头WiththedevelopmentofmarketeconomyinChina,moreandmorecompanieshavecomeintobeing.Whentheyneedtotakeupmorepeople,employersusuallyselectthroughinterviews.Similarly,whenpeopleneedtofindajob,theyalsoneedtoperformwellininterviews.Therefore,interviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinmodernsociety.Summary:Marketeconomyhasnotonlybroughtaboutinterviewbutalsogivenitincreasingimportance.2002开头Nowadaystensofthousandsofuniversitystudentsaregraduatedfromtheirschoolsandtheyallwanttobesuccessfulinthismodernworld.Summary:Thosetensofthousandscollegegraduateswishingforsuccessdon’thavetoworry.Solongastheylearntoadaptthemselves,theycanstudywell,workwellanddealwithfailureswell,andthiscanpromisethemsuccess.方法三：让步法2005 Admittedly,interviewhastheshortcomingsofrelyingonfirstimpressionandtestingoralcommunicationratherthanworkingskills.Butitisalsoundeniablethatitismakinganincreasinglyimportantcontributiontothesociety.2002 Althoughknowledgeandskillsareveryimportanttoachievingwhatonewantsinthemodernsociety,personalqualities,especiallygoodadaptabilityhasbecomeessential.b..对该话题作最终评论(finalcomment)方法一：评论重要性 Givenitsimportancetothemodernsociety,itisreasonabletosaythatinterviewlaysoneofthecornerstonesfortheprogressofhumansociety.方法二：预测将来的发展 Asinterviewisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant,itislikelythatinthenearfuture,bettermethodswillbedevisedandbetterregulationswillbemadetoensureitsquality.方法三：提出警告 Itmustberealizedthatatpresentinterviewisstillnotscientificenough.Therefore,ifbettermethodcannotbefoundout,interviewcannotreallyplaythatimportantrole.方法四：提出解决问题的方法 Toreallyrealizetheimportantrolesofinterview,employersshouldinvitethehelpofresearchersinthefieldofpsychologicalassessmenttodevisebetterinterviewmethods,andapplicantsshouldfamiliarizethemselveswiththeinterviewrequirementsandprocessitbeforegoingtotheinterv