外教社综合英语

外教社综合英语第1页/共95页

TheVirtuesofAgingbyJimmyCarter

"Wearenotaloneinourworryaboutboththephysicalaspectofagingandtheprejudicethatexiststowardtheelderly,whichissimilartoracismorsexism.Whatmakesitdifferentisthattheprejudicealsoexistsamongthoseofuswhoareeitherwithinthisgrouporrapidlyapproachingit.第2页/共95页WhenIhavementionedthetitleofthisbooktoafewpeople,mostofthemresponded,'Virtues?Whatcouldpossiblybegoodaboutgrowingold?'Themostobviousanswer,ofcourse,istoconsiderthealternativetoaging.Butthereareplentyofothergoodanswers--manybasedonourpersonalexperiencesandobservations.第3页/共95页What,inyouropinion,aretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgrowingolder?Whatdoyouthinkarethevirtuesofbeingyoung?Howshouldthewholesocietytakecareoftheoldpeople?Describesomeoftheoccasionsthatpeopleshowtheirconcerntotheold.第4页/共95页

poormemoryWillYouMarryMe?Awidowerandwidowhadknownoneanotherforanumberofyears.Oneeveningtherewasacommunitysupperinthebigactivitycenter.Thesetwowereatthesametable,acrossfromoneanother.Asthemealwenton,hemadeafewadmiringglancesatherandfinallygathereduphiscouragetoaskher,"Willyoumarryme?"

第5页/共95页Afteraboutsixsecondsof'carefulconsideration,'sheanswered."Yes.Yes,Iwill."

Themealendedandwithafewmorepleasantexchanges,theywenttotheirrespectivehomes.Nextmorning,hewastroubled.Didshesay"yes"ordidshesay"no"?Hecouldn'tremember.Tryashewould,hejustcouldnotrecall.Notevenafaintmemory.第6页/共95页Withtrepidation,hewenttothetelephoneandcalledher.First,heexplainedtoherthathedidn'trememberaswellasheusedto.Thenhereviewedthelovelyeveningpast.Ashegainedalittlemorecourage,hetheninquiredofher"WhenIaskedifyouwouldmarryme,didyousay'Yes'ordidyousay'No'?"

Hewasdelightedtohearhersay,"Why,Isaid,'Yes,yesIwill'andImeantitwithallmyheart."Thenshecontinued,"AndIamsogladthatyoucalled...becauseIcouldn'trememberwhohadaskedme."第7页/共95页

poorhealthI'mDeadAnoldercoupleislyinginbedonemorning,havingjustawakenedfromagoodnight'ssleep.Hetakesherhandandsheresponds,"Don'ttouchme."

"Whynot?"heasks.

Sheanswersback,"BecauseI'mdead."

第8页/共95页Thehusbandsays,"Whatareyoutalkingabout?We'relyinghereinbedtogethertalkingtooneanother."

Shesays,"No,I'mdefinitelydead."

Heinsists,"You'renotdead.Whatintheworldmakesyouthinkyou'redead?"

"BecauseIwokeupthismorningandnothinghurts."第9页/共95页

poorhearingHearingTestAnelderlygentlemanfearedhiswifewasgettinghardofhearing.Sohecalledherdoctortomakeanappointmenttohaveherhearingchecked.Thedoctormadeanappointmentforahearingtestintwoweeks,andmeanwhilesuggestedthehusbandtryasimpleinformaltesttogivethedoctorsomeideaofthestateofherproblem.

第10页/共95页'Here'swhatyoudo,"saidthedoctor,"startoutabout40feetawayfromher,andinanormalconversationalspeakingtoneseeifshehearsyou.Ifnot,goto30feet,then20feet,andsoonuntilyougetaresponse.“Thatevening,thewifeisinthekitchencookingdinner,andhe'sinthelivingroom.Hesaystohimself,"I'mabout40feetaway,let'sseewhathappens."Theninanormaltoneheasks,'Honey,what'sforsupper?"

Noresponse.第11页/共95页Sothehusbandmovedtotheotherendoftheroom,about30feetfromhiswifeandrepeats,"Honey,what'sforsupper?"Stillnoresponse.

Nexthemovesintothediningroomwhereheisabout20feetfromhiswifeandasks,"Honey,what'sforsupper?"

第12页/共95页Againhegetsnoresponsesohewalksuptothekitchendoor,only10feetaway."Honey,what'sforsupper?"Againthereisnoresponse,sohewalksrightupbehindher."Honey,what'sforsupper?"

Finallyhehearsthisresponse:"DamnitEarl-forthefifthtime-chicken!"第13页/共95页SuccessAtage4successis...notpeeinginyourpants.Atage12successis...havingfriends.Atage16successis...havingadriverslicense.Atage20successis...havingsex.Atage35successis...havingmoney.第14页/共95页Atage50successis...havingmoney.Atage60successis...havingsex.Atage70successis...havingadriverslicense.Atage75successis...havingfriends.Atage80successis...notpeeinginyourpants.第15页/共95页

wrinklenasolabialfolds(法令纹)第16页/共95页18-68

aging

第17页/共95页18岁28油性肤质，肌肤出现瑕疵第18页/共95页

38色素沉积；肌肤特征发生改变；下巴处肌肤质地开始改变；上眼睑开始松弛。48眼圈出现，面积变大；深度鱼尾纹和川字纹出现；色素沉积不均匀；下巴轮廓继续变得模糊。第19页/共95页58嘴角处有了十分明显的变化；色斑变深、变大；颈部明显变得更松弛68脸下半部的松弛变得明显；上眼睑明显凹陷；颈部和下巴处肤质改变；每一个老化临床特征都开始加深。第20页/共95页

亚洲女性不同部位肌肤的老化特征

脸的下半部脸下半部的老化在５５～６０岁之间十分明显。虽然开始较晚，但演化十分快速。

老化的主要特征之一是下巴肤质改变，包括下巴形状的改变和脸颊松弛，从而导致脸部轮廓巨大改变。颈部变粗，由于肤质改变，常伴有松弛。改变从３０多岁开始，４５岁起逐渐变得明显。第21页/共95页嘴部

由于频繁的肌肉运动，再加上其他习惯，如：吸烟，上嘴唇上的细纹出现于４０岁左右，并从此开始剧烈变化。这会导致脸颊松弛，加上肌肤老化，法令纹因而加深,３４－３８岁变得非常明显，６０多岁明显加深。第22页/共95页眼部

眼部是经受肌肉剧烈活动最多的部位之一。因为较薄和更为脆弱，更加容易缺水和干燥。眼部下方在早期由于微循环变化而经常带着一些细纹和黑眼圈。渐渐地，细纹会从纵向排列并变长、变深。到了约３３岁，上眼睑会在重力作用下开始松弛。同时，眼袋变得越来越明显。随着时间，它们会由于皮下组织的演变而逐渐加剧。由于重复的表情动作和肌肤的老化，鱼尾纹开始明显。上眼睑松弛，３０岁起变得十分明显，而且演化剧烈，直到７０岁趋于稳定。眼袋２５岁时已经出现，３０～４０岁之间演化剧烈。之后的演化变得缓慢，直到７０岁趋于稳定。第23页/共95页肌肤色素沉积

由于亚洲地区的高强度紫外线（主要为ＵＶＡ），以及亚洲肌肤中黑素细胞对紫外线的特别反应，亚洲女人由于黑色素过量生成和沉积,会形成色斑，而且会令肤色暗沉；另一方面，肌肤质地也会由于环境和日晒逐渐改变。１８到３３岁间，色素沉积不均匀并不明显。之后,色素沉积开始发生明显变化。直至近６０岁，才趋于稳定。第24页/共95页防晒,运动,按摩,补水,饮食,排毒.亚洲女性不同年龄段的肌肤特征

２０～２９岁

●第一次有色斑出现

●眼袋开始出现

●第一道细纹出现在眼部下方

３０～３９岁

●肤质开始改变

●色斑变深、变大

●上眼睑开始松弛

４０～４９岁

●４０岁左右，两眼间的川字纹开始变得明显

●皱纹加深

●肤质开始变得松弛

５０～５９岁

●脸下半部的下垂开始变得明显

●从５０岁开始，大部分老化迹象变得十分明显

●上眼睑明显凹陷

６０～６９岁

●皱纹继续加深

●椭圆形脸部轮廓渐渐消失第25页/共95页

popstars‘aging第26页/共95页第27页/共95页第28页/共95页第29页/共95页第30页/共95页第31页/共95页第32页/共95页第33页/共95页第34页/共95页第35页/共95页第36页/共95页第37页/共95页第38页/共95页第39页/共95页安吉利娜·裘莉布拉德·皮特等

第40页/共95页泽塔·琼斯黛米·莫尔等第41页/共95页哈里·贝瑞朱莉亚·罗伯茨等第42页/共95页珍妮佛·安妮斯顿强尼·戴普等第43页/共95页玛丽亚·凯利梅尔·吉布森等第44页/共95页麦当娜伊丽莎白·赫利等第45页/共95页妮可·基德曼莎朗·斯通等第46页/共95页第47页/共95页In1994第48页/共95页第49页/共95页第50页/共95页第51页/共95页第52页/共95页In2007第53页/共95页TextComprehension1.Generalquestions(1)Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsgrowingold?(2)Whatarethemainbenefitsofgrowingoldlistedinthetext?(3)Whatexamplesdoesthewriterusetoillustrateeachofthebenefits?第54页/共95页textstructurePart1(Para.1-2):thetwoparagraphsmakeupthefirstpartofthetext.Part2(Para.3-5):thewriter,inparagraphthree,offersthefirstadvantagesofgrowingolder–notbeingobsessedwithone’sappearance.第55页/共95页Thesecondadvantageisdiscussedinparagraph4—peopleintheirfortiesarelessuncertainthanadolescents.Paragraph5presentsthethirdandthegreatestbenefitofgrowingolder第56页/共95页Part3(Para.6):aftersharingherownexperienceincontrasttoadolescents’problemswiththereaders,inthisparagraphthewriterturnstheissuetothesimilartotheonementionedinthefirstparagraph:thevalidityofAmericanvaluesontheagingproblem.第57页/共95页Partone（1-2）1.Whydopeoplewanttohidetheirgrayhairanddelaytheeffectofaging?2.Whatdoesthewritermeanwhenshesays“it’sun-Americantosayso”?3.Doesthewriterdenythevirtuesofbeingyoung?第58页/共95页worship1.toshowrespectandloveforagod,especiallybyprayinginareligiousbuilding.achurchwherepeoplehaveworshippedforhundredsofyears2.toadmireandlovesomeoneverymuchHeabsolutelyworshipsher.3.worshipthegroundsomebodywalkson toadmireorlovesomeonesomuchthatyoucannotseetheirfaults第59页/共95页Hero-worship:greatadmirationforsb.whoisthoughttobeverybrave,good,skilfuletc-oftenusedtoshowdisapprovalTheybowedtheirheadsinworship.Your/HisWorship:totalktooraboutapublicofficialsuchasa mayor or magistrateactofworship(=religiousceremony)第60页/共95页convince:v.tobringbytheuseofargumentorevidencetofirmbelieforacourseofactionconvincesbof…除非你能说服我这次活动的安全性，否则我不会批准。Iwon’tapprovethisoperationunlessyoucanconvincemeofitssafety.convincing&convinced.Heisso____ofhisowntheorythatitisimpossibletoturnhimaround.Ihadtolethimgo,becausehisreasonsarevery____.第61页/共95页GrecianFormula第62页/共95页OilofOlay第63页/共95页jogtorunslowlyandsteadily,especiallyasawayofexercisingIgojoggingeverymorning.toknockorpushsomethinglightlybymistake[=bump]Youjoggedmyelbow.jogsomebody'smemory tomakesomeoneremembersomething第64页/共95页DreadtofeelgreatfearoranxietyaboutE.g.I’vegotaninterviewwiththebankmanagertomorrow–I’mdreadingit.E.g.Healwaysdreadedaskingthemfortheirrentbecauseheknewitwouldendinanargument.AgingtheprocessofgrowingoldE.g.Oursocietyisfullofattitudestowardsagingandoldpeople.第65页/共95页Agebracket:thepeoplebetweentwoparticularages,consideredasagroup[=agegroup]=agerangesinglepeopleinthe40-50agebrackettheageofconsent theagewhensomeonecanlegallygetmarriedorhaveasexualrelationship第66页/共95页theNewAgemovement:relatingtospiritual beliefs,typesofmedicine,andwaysoflivingthatarenottraditionalWesternonesOldagepension:moneythatispaidregularlybythestatetooldpeoplewhodonotworkanymore=socialsecurity第67页/共95页Distinctnoticeable;unmistakableE.g.Thereisadistinctpossibilitythatshe’llbeappointedmanagerofthecompany.clearlydifferentorbelongingtoadifferenttypedistincttypes/groups/categoriesetcdistinctfromAdistinctlackofenthusiasm第68页/共95页Para3Thefirstadvantageofgrowingolder---notbeingobsessed.Thetechniqueofcontrastisusedtoprojectthedifferencebetweenadolescentsandpeopleintheirforties.Theyarefocusedon2aspects:theshapeoftheirbodiesandclothes.Withherownexperience,thewriterdrivehomeherpoint.第69页/共95页beapttodosomething tohaveanaturaltendencytodosomethingexactlyrightforaparticularsituationorpurpose[=appropriate]'Loveatfirstsight'isaveryaptdescriptionofhowhefeltwhenhesawher.Thepunishmentshouldbeaptforthecrime.anaptpupil/student formal astudentwhoisquicktolearnandunderstand第70页/共95页Obsess:ifsomethingorsomeoneobsessesyou,youthinkorworryaboutthemallthetimeandyoucannotthinkaboutanythingelse-usedtoshowdisapproval(be)obsessedwith

/bytohaveanunreasonablystrongandcontinuousinterestinparticularthingsorpersonsE.g.Shebecameobsessedinheroldagewithwhattodowithherimmensewealth.第71页/共95页beobsessingabout/oversomething/somebody(informal)tothinkaboutsomethingorsomeonemuchmorethanisnecessaryorsensibleStopobsessingaboutyourhair.It'sfine.Alotofyounggirlsareobsessedbytheirweight第72页/共95页Mega-:amillion-usedwithunitsofmeasurement;extremely;verybig1000megawattsofelectricityHerfamilyismegarich!amegastore(giga-:abillion)Adj.verybigandimpressiveorenjoyableTheirfirstrecordwasamegahit.第73页/共95页dietV.tolimittheamountandtypeoffoodthatyoueat,inordertobecomethinnerN.thekindoffoodthatapersonoranimaleatseachdaybalanced/healthy/pooretcdietBambooisthepanda'sstaplediet(=mainfood).adietofsomething toomuchofanactivitythatyouthinkisboringorhasbadeffectsKidstodayareraisedonaconstantdietofpopmusicandtelevision.第74页/共95页Plead:toaskforsomethingthatyouwantverymuch,inasincereandemotionalway[=beg]:pleadwithsomebody(todosth.)pleadguilty/notguilty/innocentShestayedhomefromwork,pleadingillness.ThewifeofoneofthehostagesappearedonTVlastnighttopleadforherhusband’slife.第75页/共95页schoolblazer第76页/共95页第77页/共95页Freak:someonewhoisextremelyinterestedinaparticularsubjectsothatotherpeoplethinktheyarestrangeorunusualafitness/religious/computerfreaksomeonewhoisconsideredtobeverystrangebecauseofthewaytheylook,behave,orthink[=weirdo]Theseglassesmakemelooklikeafreak. 第78页/共95页tailor:v.tofitorprovide(aperson)withclothesmadetothatperson‘smeasurements;tomake,alter,oradaptforaparticularendorpurpose我们应该使自己的知识符合社会的需要。Weshouldtailorourknowledgetotheneedofthesociety.

tolerate:v.

tolerance(n),tolerant(adj.),tolerable(adj.),intolerable(adj.)IfIcanbe____ofthismonstrosity,thenthereisnothing_____tome.第79页/共95页Tolerant:adj.allowingpeopletodo,say,orbelievewhattheywantwithoutcriticizingorpunishingthemtolerantof/towards,atolerantsocietyTolerable:asituationthatistolerableisnotverygood,butyouareabletoacceptitTheheatinthisroomisbarelytolerable.第80页/共95页Agony:veryseverepain;averysad,difficult,orunpleasantexperienceextremementalorphysicalpainorsufferingE.g.Helayinagonyuntilthedoctorarrived.Hewasinagoniesofremorse.Agonyaunt:someonewhowritesanagonycolumn第81页/共95页

Denyoneselfnottoallowoneselftohavesomethingthatonenormallyhas;todecidenottohavesomethingthatyouwouldlike,especiallyformoralorreligiousreasons:E.g.Hedeniedhimselfallsmallpleasuresandluxuriesinhisefforttoliveaholylife.denythat/doingsomethingthere'snodenying(that/something)第82页/共95页为了保持身体苗条，她克制自己不吃冰激凌。Tokeepslim,shedeniedherselfice-cream.torefusetoallowsomeonetohaveordosth.Hisparentsdeniedhimtheopportunitytogotouniversity.Shecoulddenyhersonnothing.第83页/共95页Pecanpie第84页/共95页Lanky:someonewhoislankyistallandthin,andmovesawkwardly[=gangling]:Leggy:awomanistallandattractivewithlonglegsGiant:amanisverytall,esp.whenyouaresurprised.第85页/共95页lanky第86页/共95页leggy第87页/共95页mercyifsomeoneshowsmercy,theychoosetoforgiveortobekindtosomeonewhotheyhavethepowertohurtorpunish第88页/共95页8.preferable:adj.moredesirableorworthythananother;preferredprefer:v.preferAtoB：喜欢A多过B我喜欢在黑夜里游走而不是在白天徘徊Ipreferroamingatnighttowonderinginthedaytime.preference:n.e.g.sexualpreference,politicalpreference,etc.9.critical:

adj.veryimportant,essential,urgent;crucial,etc.e.g.acriticalsituation,acriticalelement,etc.第89页/共95页10.await

vt.waitfor等待(itisavt.!!!)e.g.Thecommitteeisawaitingadecisionfromheadofficebeforeittakesanyaction.11.pursue:v.tostrivetogainoraccomplish追求n.pursuit(inpursuitof…)世人对名利的疯狂追求令我恶心。Theworld’smadpursuitoffameandfortunesickensme.12.sanity:

n.thequalityofbeingsane.心智健全sane:adj.

insanee.g.Youwentallthewaytohimintherain?That’sjustinsane!第90页/共95页13.automatically:

adv.自动地automatic.adj.automation:n.(自动化)14.contradict

v.tobeoppositeinnatureto同...矛盾,同...抵触e.g.Theresultsofhisexperimentsseemedt