高考-重点词汇辨析

专升本常见词汇辨析总结常见动词辨析：1.击，打：hit,beat,defeat,strike单词含义例句hit打中或对准某一点打（一次击打）hitsb.ontheheadbeat连续的敲击Therainingisbeatingagainstthewidow.defeat打败某人或集体（强调结果）Wedefeatedtheenemy.strike用木棒石头等打；打动（抽象意义）Iwasstruckbyherbeauty.2.穿：dress,puton,wear,haveon单词含义例句dressdresssb.+in；bedressedinShewasdressedinred.puton穿上，强调动作Putonyourcoatwhenyougoout.wear穿着，带着，强调状态佩戴首饰、眼镜等Heseldomwearsawatch.haveon强调状态，一般不用现在分词和被动语态Healwayshasdarkglasseson.3.适合：suit,match,fit单词含义例句suit花色、款式适合，或与气质、身材等相称Thisdressdoesn'tsuitme.Haveyougotanotherstyle?match搭配合适，性质相符Thecoloroftheshirt doesn’t matchthatofthetie.fitfit尺寸、大小、形状合适Thekeydoesn’tfitthelock.4.花费：take,spend,cost,pay单词含义例句takeIttakessb.+time+todosth. 做某事需要…时间Ittookme15minutestofinishthisjob.spendSb.spend(s) +time/money+(in)doingsth.Ispent15minutesdoingthiswork.coststh.cost(s)+sb.+money某物花费了某人…钱Thisbookcostme8dollars.paypaysb.pay(s)+money+forsth.Ipaid8dollarsforthisbook.5.参力口：attend,join,joinin,takepartin,enterfor单词含义例句attend参加婚礼、会议、上课、听报告等attendameetingjoin=becomeamemberof加入某个团jointhestudents’union学习参考

体或组织joinin参加某项活动joininthediscussiontakepartintaketakepartin参加群众性活动，强调在该项活动中发挥了一定作用partinsocialactivitiesenterfor报名参加某项比赛或考试enterfortherace6.毁坏：damage/destroy/ruin单词含义例句damage—价值、用途降低或外表损坏Myhousewasdamagedintheheavyrain.destroy|彻底毁坏，很难修复Thebigfiredestroyedthelittletown.ruin逐渐毁掉，常含比喻的隐含意义Mybreakfastwasruinedbywhatyousaid.7.发现：find,findout,discover,invent单词含义例句find侧重发现的结果Hefinallyfoundhiskey.findout经过研究或询问查明某事或真相Iwillfindoutwhathappened.discover偶然或经过努力发现原来存在但不为人所知的事物Thescientists candiscovermoresecretsoftheuniverse.invent运用智慧发明新事物ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulb.8.改变:change,alter,vary,turn单词含义 例句change翻天覆地大变化，变得与原物完全不同Ihavechangedmymind.alter局部的、外表的变化，本质不变Thisdressneedalteringalittle.vary一系列变化，强调种类多样，连续变化Customsvarywiththetimes.turn变成，强调变化的结果Inthiscartoonfairytale,aprinceturnsintoafrog.9得到：achieve,acquire,gain,obtain单词含义例句achieve由于努力，克服困难后达到 目标Achieveone’sgoalacquire经过努力获得的知识、技术等抽象东西，或养成习惯等acquireabadhabitgain通过竞争或战争，历尽艰幸获得有价值的东西Nopains,nogains.obtain通过乞求或长时间付出代价得到渴望的东西obtainemployment10.要求：request,require,demand单词含义例句request有礼貌的请求；正式的请求Manypeoplerequestedanothersong.学习参考

require要求所必需的东西；法律、协议、规章以及其他客观情况的要求Allpassengersarerequiredtheirtickets.toshowdemand主观要求，坚决或强 烈要求Theyaredemandinghigherwages.单词用法requestrequestsb.todosth.requestthatsb.shoulddosth.requirerequiresb.todosth.requirethatsb.shoulddosth.requiredoing=requiretobedonedemanddemandtodosth.demandthatsb.shoulddosth.Il.separate,divide单词含义用法separate把…从…中分离出来（把原来是一个整体的，或靠近的东西分离出来）separate…from…divide把…分成…（把一个整体分成若干部分）divide…into…12.发生：takeplace,happen,occur,comeabout,breakout单词含义例句takeplace按照安排，有计划地发生、举行TheOlympicGamesof2008tookplaceinBeijing.happen偶然或突发事件的发生Ihappenedtoseeacaraccident.occur发生，突然想到Itoccurstomethat…comeabout事情已经发生，但不知道原因，多用于否定和疑问Idon'tknowwhathavecomeabout.breakout战争、疾病、灾难等的突然爆发Afirebrokeoutlastnightwhileweweresleeping.14.建议：advise,suggest,persuade单词含义用法advise建议，劝告advisesb.todosth.advisedoingsth.advisethatsb.(should)dosth.advise=trytopersuadesuggest建议suggesttosb.suggestdoingsth.suggestthatsb.(should)dosth.persuade说服，劝服（强调结果）persuadesb.Todoingsth.persuadesb.outofdoingsth.15.看：glance,glare,glimpse,stare,peer,peep,gaze,gape学习参考

单词含义例句glance（粗略地，随便地）一瞥Shegavehimaquickglanceandsmiled.glare怒目而视Theyglaredateachotherafterabigfight.glimpse一瞥，看一眼Icaughtaglimpseofthatgirl.stare盯着（粗鲁无礼的）Itoldhimnottostareather;it ’srude.peer费力地看Shehastopeeratthingsbecauseofhershortsight.peep窥视，偷看Themotherpeepedintothebedroom.gaze凝视，目不转睛地看Hegazedathisbeautifulbride.gape吃惊地看着Thechildrengapedatthedinosaurmodelinthemuseum.16.宣布：declare,announce,proclaim单词主语宾语场合declare则既可以是权力机关或政府首脑，也可以是普通个人重要的决策、举措或意见主要用于正式场合，也可用于非正式场合announce公众关心的，特别是具有新闻性的事件可以用于一般场合，也可用于官方正式公告proclaim只能是权力机关或政府首脑指意义重大的事情正式场合17.consistof/bemadeupof/becomposedof单词用法例句 [consistof无被动，无进行时Ourteamconsistsoffivedoctorsandtwonurses.bemadeupof被动形式，无进行时Ourlifeismadeofchoices.becomposedof被动形式，无进行时Everysubstanceiscomposedofverysmallparticlescalledmolecules.18.辨析:represent/standfor/onbehalfof单词含义例句standfor代表；象征。侧重于用另外的东西代表或表示Whatdoesayellowrosestandfor?onbehalfof代表（某人或某组织）；为（了…的利益)nbehalfeveryonehere,Iwishyouaveryhappyholiday.represent指有代表性或象征性地描述或讲述Thispicturerepresentsastormatsea.19.cross/across/over/through单词含义例句cross穿过；十字路口Becarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.across从一边到另一边，从表面Goacrossthebridge,youwillseeabuilding.学习参考

穿过；在……对面MyhouseisacrosstheCentralPlaza.through从内部穿过Theelephantcan'tgothroughthegate.over从上空越过，翻越过去climbedoverthehill;jumpoverthedeskThebirdflewovertheriver.20.rise,raise,arise,arouse单词含义例句rise不及物(rose,risen)日月云雾烟热气，物价河水温度计，起床起立与起义皆由rise升上去。Thesunroseatseveno'clock.Thepriceisrising.Janeroseslowlyfromthechair.arise不及物(arose,arisen)多用于问题、困难、分歧等出现、由…… 引起Howdidthequarelarise?Problemsarose fromthelackofcommunication.raise及物(raised,raised)招募、募捐、饲养、养育、提高、举起用raiseSalarieshavenowbeenraised.Theyperformtoraisemoneyforthepoor.arouse及物(aroused,同)唤起（兴趣、同情心等）、唤醒某人Hefellasleep.Don'tarousehim.Thelecturearousedmyinterest.练习：Heandwalkeddownstairs.Theyglassestotheirfriendship.Steamisfromthekettle.Theyhaveupto20,000yuanfortheHopeProject.Whenthequestion,nonowcouldsolveit.答案：⑴rose(2)raised(3)rising(4)raised(5)arose21.refuse/deny/reject/decline单词含义用法deny否认（某事的真实性）+n./代词/动名词/that从句拒绝给予某人想要的东西denysbsth.refuse坚决地、不客气地拒绝+n./代词/不定式reject拒绝、驳回（正式、语气更强）+n./代词/动名词decline婉言拒绝、谢绝refusepolitelyEg.Sherefusetohelpme.Hedeniedwhathehaddone.Don’tdenyyourselfpleasure. 不要有乐不享。练习：—Areyoustillmadather?-Notreally,butIcan'tthatherremarkshurtme.A.denyB.refuseC.rejectD.decline(2)Shemyinvitationbecauseofapreviousappointment.A.refusedB.declinedC.denyD.reject学习参考

toobeyorders.D.refused(3)ThesoldierswereputintoprisonbecausetheyA.rejectedB.declinedC.objectedtoobeyorders.D.refusedwishtodosth.wishsbtodosth.wishthat+虚拟语气wishsbsth.(wishtodosth.wishsbtodosth.wishthat+虚拟语气wishsbsth.(跟双宾语）单词含义例句desire指由于愿望强烈而迫切希望、渴望Idesiretoseeyou. 我很想见到你。Hedesiressuccess. 他渴望成功。hope指希望某人有一个良好的结果，而且这种希望是可能得到满足的Ihopetobeadoctor.Ihopethatshewillrecoversoon.wish常表示难以实现的愿望，所以其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气Iwishtobeamillionaire.Iwishyoutobehappy. 我希望你若福。IwishthatIwouldflytothemoononeday.Iwishyousuccess. 祝你成功。22.desire/hope/want/wish从句hopetodosth.hope+that搭配：desiretodosth.desiresth.23.hurt,wound,injure单词含义例句hurt使人的肉体受伤而疼痛，或伤了人的自尊心或感情。Maryhurtherselfwhenshefellover..That'llhurtherfeeling.harm对身体或精神上的伤害，常指伤害人的肉体、身心健康、事业等。Overdrinkingwillharmyourstomach.Thosefairytaleswon’tharmourstudents.wound一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上受伤，作vt.，宾语是人，而不是受伤部位。Hegotwoundedinthewar.Thebulletwoundedhimintheshoulder.injure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤。Tominjuredhisleginaskatingaccident.注意：woundn.创伤；伤口v.伤，伤害woundedadj. 负伤的，受了伤（害）的injuredadj. 受伤的，受损害的常见名词辨析：1.标记：sign,signal,symbol,mark单词含义例句sign符号、招牌、征兆，代表固定意义的符号或标记Raisingafingertothelipsisasignforsilence.signal信号，被用作交通、通讯的指示或传递消息的一种手势或声音、光等Thetrafficsignalturnstogreen.symbol记号或象征，尤其指用有形实物代表抽象的实体Whatisthechemicalsymbolforcopper?mark斑点、标记、刻度，为某一特定目的aburn/scratchmark学习参考

而做的标记或有意无意留下的痕迹2.道路，入口:way,means,method,manner,approach单词含义例句way方式，方法（普通用词）I'llansweryourquestioninanotherway.means实现目的的任何手段，或使用交通工具的方式。Themoneywasn?tearnedbyhonestmeans.method指有条理的，系统的办法，特别指新的办法。Haveyoutriedthenewmethod?thepropermethodofbrushingteethmanner特殊的或怪异的方式、方法Whyareyoutalkinginsuchastrangemanner?approach解决一特定问题的方法，尤其是经过深思熟虑的方法Idon?tlikeher approachtotheproblem.搭配：way+todo/ofdoing ，前面接in(Hedidthisinthisway.)method+of,前面接with(Heearnsmoneywiththemethodofstealingmoney.)bymeansof(Hewenttoschoolbymeansoftakingabus.)approachto+n./doing(theapproachtothequestion)access（接近或进入某地的）方法、通道Theonlyaccesstothefarmhouseisacrossthefield.（使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodlibrary.approach接近，靠近WhenIapproached,theygrewsilent.解决一特定问题的方法，尤其是经过深思熟虑的方法Haveyoufoundacorrectapproachtothesubject?3.习，惯：tradition,habit,custom,practice单词含义例句tradition传统，长时间形成并能传递给下一代的习惯culturaltradition 文化传统habit个人长期养成的生活习惯或癖好Hehasabadhabitofsmoking.custom风俗习惯，一批人按照一定规律做的事情。ItisthecustominChinatoeatdumplingsduringtheSpringFestival.practice惯例，医生律师等职业人员的从业习惯It'shispracticetoreada bookeveryweek.4.事情，事件：affair,accident,incident,event例句单词 ^义例句学习参考

event重大事件或活动affair外交事件或公众关注的事件matter“事情”，普通用语，日常事务incident政治事件或发生令人讨厌的不寻常的事accident意外的事5.风景，景色：view,scene,scenery,sight单词含义例句scene情景、场面等，指某处小范围的景色 ，大多包括景物中的人及活动，为可数名词scenery景色、风景（是总称），为不可数名词view指以一定的角度（从远处或高处）所看到的景色，还有观点、看法的意思sight眼睛所看到的美丽风景或悲惨景象，其复数sights表示名胜古迹，人文景观等6.位置,条件:situation,position,condition单词含义例句situation侧重形式和环境inadangeroussituationposition侧重方位和位置；处境takeupapositionintheunioncondition条件necessaryconditionSituation:Thecombinationofcircumstancesatagivenmoment;astateofaffairs.Position:Aplaceorlocation;Socialstandingorstatus;rank.Condition:Arestrictingormodifyingfactor.7. 薪水，收入:salary,pay,wage,income单词含义例句salary按月发的薪水，领取薪水者通常是经过培训而具有特殊技能或专门知识的人。可数或不可数Thelawyerwaspaidahugesalary.pay因某项工作而获得的报酬，为不可数Yourthanksarepayenough.wage一般指按星期甚至按天发的工资， 领取工资者通常是做体力劳动的人。Thelowwagehadwarmedtheworkertostrike.income（定期）收入，所得（报酬），投资的收益。Tourismisamajorsourceofincomeforthecountry.salary:moneythatemployeesreceivefordoingtheirjob,especiallyprofessionalemployeesor学习参考

peopleworkinginanoffice,usuallypaideverymonth.pay:themoneythatsb.getsfordoingregularwork.wage:aregularamountofmoneythatyouearn,usuallyeveryweek,forworkorservices.income:themoneythataperson,aregion,acountry,etc.earnsfromwork,frominvestingmoneyfrombusiness.8.伤害：hurt,wound,injury单词含义例句hurt可指精神上或肉体上的伤害，疼痛Youhurtmyfeelings.wound刀枪所伤，或特指战场上受的伤Thesoldiergotawoundinabattle.injury意外（火灾，车祸）中受伤； 精神或财产的损害；强 调身体功能的缺失。backinjury9.result/consequence/effect/outcome单词含义例句result普通用语，指直接或间接、近因或远因所引起的结果Thestudentsareanxioustoknowtheresultoftheentranceexamination.consequence指自然而然的或当然的结果Ifyoubehavesofoolishly,bereadytobeartheconsequence.effect严格强调因果关系，指和cause直接相对应的结果Theyareinvesgatingthecauseoftheaccident.outcome强调事件的特有的结局，表示终的结果Theoutcomeoftheelectionwasindoubtthen.10.jewel和jewelery(jewellery)单词含义例句jewel“珠宝，首饰”，为可数名词,jewels为其复数。Iwonderedwherehegotallthosejewels.Hemusthaveknockedthemover.jewelery(jewellery)“珠宝”的总称，不能变复数。Janealwayslovebeautifulclothesandjewelerybutinfactsheisbighat,nocattle.11.power/energy/force/strength单词含义power权力、职权，人工开发出的动力，如“电源、电力”等energy物理学上的“热量、能量”；自然界的“能源”，人的“精力”学习参考

force物理学中的“力”；也指“武力、暴力”strength体力，是内部的能力，是在身体内存在的体力；还有“优势，长处”之意12.state/situation/circumstance单词含义state“情况、状态”， 其存在形式并不是具体事物。普通用语situation指危急或重大的事态，侧重 “事态”。circumstance指某种事件或动作发生时的情况，一般都用复数形式。常见形容词辨析：1.common/general/normal/ordinary/usual单词1含义例句 「common共同的，常见的反义rarecommonsense（常识）ordinary普通的，平凡的反义superioranordinarylookingpersonusual通常的，习惯的反义unusualHearrivedlaterthanusual.normal正常的，常规的 反义abnormalnormaltemperaturegeneral总体上的 反义specificthegeneralidea2.lonely/alone单词含义例句lonely强调主观上的“孤独感”Iamalone,butIdontfeellonely.alone强调客观上的“一个人”3.值：worth,worthy,worthwhile单词含义例句worthbeworth+n.beworthdoingThebookisworth180 yuan.Thenovelisworthreadingasecond