新概念英语第二册笔记-第69课

Lesson69Butnotmurder【Text】Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly,Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalandwewereboththrownforward.Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!'【课文翻译】我第3次接受驾驶执照考试。按照要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，我圆满地完成了。在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。确信我已通过考试，所以我几乎开始喜欢起这次考试。主考人对我的驾驶想必是满意的，因为他微笑着说：只剩1项了。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须把车停在5”我继续往前开着。过了一会儿，主考人砰砰地敲了起来。虽然声音听得很清楚，但我过了好一会儿才作出反应。我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，结果我俩的身体都向前冲去。主考人伤心地看着我。调说，”Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语murdern.谋杀instructv.命令，指示acquirev.取得，获得confidencen.信心examinern.主考人supposev.假设tapv.轻敲reactv.反应braken.刹车pedaln.踏板mournfuladj.悲哀的【生词讲】murdern.谋杀，谋杀案e.g.sixmurdersinoneweek一周之内的六起谋杀案beguiltyofmurder犯谋杀。commitmurder进行谋杀v.murdersbwithsth用--谋杀人e.g.Hemurderedhiswifewithaknife.他用刀谋杀了他的妻。糟蹋：murderapieceofmusic糟蹋了一首乐曲murderer谋杀犯，凶手murderess女凶手Kill：(v.)---Assassinate(v.)---Murder(v.)---Slaughter(v.)---e.g.Twopeoplewerekilledinacaraccident.在一次车祸中有两人生。e.g.PresidentKennedywasassassinatedinDallasin1963.肯尼迪总于1963年在达拉斯被暗杀。e.g.Itissaidthatonepersonwasmurderedonthebeach.据说一个人在海滩上被谋杀了。e.g.TensofthousandswereslaughteredonthebattlefieldsofMacedonia.成千上万的人在马其顿战场上被杀死了。instruct及物词vt.1）指示,命令,吩咐e.g.Heinstructedmetodeliverittoacustomer.他吩咐我把东西送去给2）教授;;指[(+in)]e.g.MyjobistoinstructherinEnglish.我的工作是教她英语。3）通知,告知e.g.Myagenthasinstructedmethatyoustilloweme$150.我的代理人告诉我你还欠我一百五十美。4）【律】委派,委托acquire1）v.取得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语，养成（习惯）e.g.MaryacquiredagoodknowledgeofChineseinfiveyears'time.acquireahabitofdoingsth.养成⋯⋯的习惯e.g.Tomacquiredahabitofsmoking.acquireconfidence获得信心V.1.(正式)购得,(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西)e.g.ThemuseumhasmanagedtoacquireanimportantworkbyDali.博物馆设法弄到了(西班牙超现实主画)达利的一副重要作品。2）掌握，获得（知识、技能等）.e.g.Ilookonitasanopportunitytoacquirefreshskills.我把这当做是一次学习新技能的机会。e.g.Theteamhasacquiredafearsomereputation.这支队伍赢得了令人生畏的名声。Acquireatastefor开始喜欢上。e.g.Thisbeerisn’tbad.I’mbeginningtoacquireatasteforit.这啤酒不错。我开始爱喝了。confidence名词n.自信,信心,把握[U][(+in)][+to-v][+that]e.g.Helacksconfidenceinhimself.他缺少自信。信赖,信任[U][(+in)]e.g.Wehaveconfidenceinthemayor.我们信任这位市长。tohave/loseconfidenceinsb。lackofconfidence缺乏信心e.g.Ihavemuchconfidenceinhim我对他很有信心inconfidence当作秘密e.g.Iamtellingyouthisinconfidence我现在告诉你的这件事情是个秘密（strictconfidence绝密）confidentadj.confidentofsth/thate.g.Heisconfidentofvictory他对胜利充满信心e.g.aconfidentsmile一个自信的微笑examiner名词n.主考人;检查人;审查员[C]suppose及物动词vt.1）猜想,以为[+(that)]e.g.Isupposeheisstillintown.我想他还在城里。2）期望;认为必须,认为应该e.g.You'renotsupposedtotakethebooksoutoftheroom.这些书不能拿出屋去。3）必须以...为前提e.g.Everyeffectsupposesacause.任何事的产生都必然有其原因。★句法运用1）besupposedtodosth.(尤指因为规定或掌权者的指示)被期望做；应该。e.g.You’resupposedtoasktheteacherifyouwanttoleavetheclassroom.你如果要离开教室，应该先问问老师。本应，本该（用于表示某事本应发生而没有发生）e.g.ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceonTuesday,butwe’vehadtopostponeit.这个会本应该星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了2）besupposedtobesth.被相信是。，被认为。e.g.Thecastleissupposedtobehaunted.人们相信这座城堡闹鬼。3）认为；料想；猜想；假定Suppose(that)...e.g.Whatmakesyousuppose(that)we’regoingtosellthehouse?你凭什么认为我们准备把这房子卖掉4）（正式）假定，预期；以。e.g.Thecompany’splansupposesasteadyincreaseinorders.公司的计划是基于订单将持续稳定增长的预期的。5）Isuppose我想，我认为（用于认为某事真是，但不敢肯定）e.g.Isupposehecouldhaveshothimself,butwherewouldhehavegotthegun?我想他可能是开枪自杀的，但他是从哪里得到的抢的？我想（尤用于表示勉强同意某人做某事）Isupposeso.e.g.Canwecomewithyou?Oh,Isupposeso.我们可以跟你一起来吗？哦，我看可以吧我猜想（用于猜测）6）suppose/supposing假设，假定（用于要某人设想如果某情况存在会发生什么事）e.g.Look,supposeyoulostyourjobtomorow,whatwouldyoudo?哎，假设你明天丢掉了工作，你会怎么办呢？7）Idon?tsuppose（用于非常礼貌地提出要求）e.g.Idon’tsupposeyou’dgivemealifttothestation？我能否顺便搭您的车去车站我以为不会（用于表示某事不大可能发生）8）what?sthatsupposedtomean?这是什么意思？（用于表示对某人刚说的话感到恼火）Conj.假设，假定（用于假设某事发生后带来的后果Suppose这个单纯呢很重要e.g.It’stherisk,supposeyourmotherfoundout?努力去读懂每句例句，把握(非正式)这个单词在句中所展现的意e.g.Supposewetrytosortthisoutbeforewego.思和含义。咱们尽量在出发前把这些东西整理好吧。tap及物动词vt.1）轻拍,轻叩,轻敲e.g.Hetappedmeontheshoulder.她轻轻地拍拍我的肩。2）轻轻敲出(或敲掉)[O]e.g.Hetappedtheashesoutofhispipe.他轻轻地将烟斗里的烟灰敲出来。3）补鞋底4）【美】指定,选定e.g.Mr.Smithwastappedforpolicecommissioner.史密斯先生被指定为警察局长5）装上塞子(嘴子)e.g.Theytappedabarrelofbeer.他们打开桶塞放出啤酒。6）在(树)上刻痕取液e.g.Theyworkedonthefarm,tappingrubbertrees.他们在这农场做割胶的工作。7）接通(总电源,总水源等)e.g.Theytappedthewatermaintosupplythenewresidentialquarters.他们接通了总水管为新住宅区供水。8）在...装窃听器e.g.Iguessourtelephonehasbeentapped.我猜想我们的电话被窃听了。9）开发,开辟e.g.Thescientistsarethinkingofanewwayoftappingthesolarenergy.科学家正在设想一种新的利用太阳能的方法。名词n.[C]1）龙头,阀门e.g.Heleftthetapopentofillthekitchensinkwithwater.他将水龙头开着让厨房的水槽注满水。(酒桶等的)塞子,栓子(电流)分接头(电话)搭线窃听;窃听器e.g.Theyputataponhistelephoneandrecordedallhiscalls.他们在他的电话上装上了窃听器,录下了所有通话。react不及物动词vi.1）作出反应,反应[(+to)]e.g.Howdidshereacttothenews?她对这个消息反应如何?2）影响,起作用[(+on/upon)]e.g.Thetworeactuponeachother.这两者互相影响。3）抗拒,反抗[(+against)]e.g.Childrentendtoreactagainsttheirparentsbygoingagainsttheirwishes.孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。4）起反作用,回过来起作用[(+on/upon)]e.g.Unkindnessoftenreactsontheunkindperson.恶人往往有恶报。5）【化】起化学作用;【物】反应[(+with/on)]e.g.Howdoacidsreactonmetals?酸对金属会起怎样的化学反应?e.g.Anacidcanreactwithabasetoformasalt.酸和碱反应会产生盐。6,反击brake刹车n.brakelight刹车灯及物动词vt.1）煞住(车)e.g.Hebrakedhiscarjustintimetoavoidanaccident.他及时煞车,避免了一次事故。e.g.Thedriverbrakedhardasthechildranontotheroadinfrontofhim.那孩子跑到汽车前面的路上，司机猛踩刹车。2）抑制,约束e.g.Thereislittlethegovernmentcandotobrakeinflation.政府没有多少办法抑制通货膨胀。Pedal名词n.[C]1)踏板;脚蹬e.g.Hepushedhardonthebrakepedaltoavoidacollision.他使劲踩下煞车踏板以避免撞车。2）管风琴的脚踏键mournful形容词a.1）忧伤的;悲切的;凄惨的e.g.themournfulhowlingofthewind凄厉的风号声e.g.amournfulexpressiononherface她脸上忧伤的神情e.g.amournfulstory一个令人悲伤的故事2)悲观的,意气消沉的e.g.takeamournfulviewofhumanaffairs对世事抱悲观态度【课文讲解】Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenseforthethirdtime.第一个for表示目的；第二个for表示次数driver’slicence驾照practicelicence营业执照test1）v.测验，检查I’dbetterhavemyeyestested.我最好是检查一下眼睛2）n.考试，试验，检查，haveatestdrive试车testmatch国际锦标赛动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。awalkingstick拐杖（动名词，astickforwalking）asleepingcar卧铺车厢（动名词，acarforsleeping）therisingsun正在升起的太阳（现在分词）thechangingworld变化中的世界（现在分词）Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.heavyadj.大量的，多的，密集的heavytraffic交通流量很大，交通挤e.g.Trafficisheavieronthisroadthanontheotherone.这条路的交通比另一边的trafficjam堵车trafficlights,trafficsignals红灯heavyadj.e.g.Hehadaheavy,sullenface.阴沉的e.g.Hedumpedtheheavysuitcasesbythedoor.重的e.g.Ifeltsofullafterthatheavymeal.<食物>(因油腻)难消化的Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.现在完成时被动式Havingbeen+过去分词（介词短语作时状语，主从句的主语一致时，可简化从句。）这句话等等AfterIhadbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,musthavebeen表示对过去的事情的测bepleasedwith对⋯⋯满意eg:Hewaspleasedwithmyprogress.他对我的进步很满意Eg:Sheseemedverypleasedthathehadcome.她似乎很满意他来了。performancen.表现，表演，履行行eg:Heisexcellentintheperformanceofhisduties.他在工作上表现出色SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.在句首中省略了being,这个分词结构在句中是状语，表因。eg:-Worriedabouthischild,hedidn’tsleeplastnight.=Ashewasworriedabouthischild,hedidn’tsleeplastnight.Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.'Letussupposethat⋯让我们假设⋯⋯eg:Letussupposethatthereisaforestfire.让我们假设有一起森林Withinprep.不超过，在。。之内eg:Shereturnedwithinanhour.她不到一小时就回来了eg:Wearenowwithinsightoftheshore.现在我们能看到海。Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.Ittakessbsometimetodosth⋯Eg:Ittookme10minutestopersuadehertocallbacklater.我花了10分钟说服她一会儿电。Canbeheard⋯情态动词的被动语态Eg:Themistakecouldbeavoided.这错误可以被Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalandwewereboththrownforward.Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.'Mr.Eames,'hesaid,inamournfulvoice,'youhavejustkilledthatchild!,ina⋯voice以⋯⋯的声调inamournful/angry/sad/cheerfulvoiceeg：Hetoldthemthenewsinasad/excitedvoice.他用悲伤的声音告诉了他们那个息beingoodvoice嗓音好loseone’svoice嗓子哑了raiseone’s提高声调withonevoice异口同声givevoiceto说出见eg:Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutthenfinallygavevoicetoheropinionsaboutthesubject.玛丽在讨论的初期阶段沉默不语，不过最后她表了该thevoiceofreason理性的呼声【关键词摘】drivinglicence6.withinfivefeetheavytraffic7.pressthebrakepedalacquireconfidence8.inamournfulvoicebepleasedwithletussupposethat【Keystructure】一被动语态的构成：被动语态be＋及物动词的过去分词通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋done一般过去时：was／were＋done一般将来时：will／shallbe＋done现在进时：am／is／arebeing＋done过去进时：was／werebeing＋done现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋done被动语态的特殊结构式1)带情态动词的被动结构。形为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构的一个宾语变为主语，一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的间宾语。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.可改为Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.改为IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.4)在被动语态中还可以用介词+动名词结构。介词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生。Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutofthetown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我就开始有信心了。Themancalledthepoliceafterbeingrobbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话Hekilledachildbeforebeingarrested他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子On/Afterbeingtoldthathermotherwasseriously,shehurriedbacktoEngland.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。被动语态用于介词+动名词结构一般不用于口语，比较正式。练习：a)用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。Manystarscan_____(see)atnight.Thereportis_____(write)byoneofthebeststudents.Upon_____(rob),themancalledthepoliceatonce.Hekilledachildbefore_____(arrest).On_____(tell)thathermotherwasseriouslyill,shehurriedbacktoEngland.Shewassentabroadto_____(train).Thehugebridge_____(damage)beforetheWorldWarⅡ.He_____(hear)tomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.After_____(cheat)byaclient,hechangedhiswayofdoingbusiness.Thedrivermust_____(punish)bythepolice,helookedsounhappy.二过去进行时wasalmostbeginning1过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语thenatthis（that）time，yesterday，atnine，lastnight等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示Eg:Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight？昨晚九点时，你在做什么？Eg:Icalledyouyesterdayafternoonbuttherewasnoanswer.昨天下午我打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。Eg:Iwasvisitingafriendofminemostoftheafternoon.我昨天下午大部分时间，都在一个朋友家里。2当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于句，也可用于从句.Eg:ItwasraininghardwhenIleftmyoffice.当我离开办公室时，雨下得正。Eg:Whenyoucalled，Iwaseating.你打电话时，我正在饭。Eg:WhenIwascleaningthewindows，mybrotherwassweepingthefloo