国际保护机构在生物多样性保护方面的作用教材课件

TheroleofInternationalNGOsinbiodiversityconservationYanXieInstituteofZoology,ChineseAcademyofSciencesNationalGovernmentalAgenciesMinistryofEnvironmentalProtection(MEP)inchargeofintegratedmanagementofNaturereservesandwildplants.StateForestryAdministration(SFA)inchargeofmanagementofterrestrialwildanimals,BureauofFisheryofMOAforaquaticanimalsSFAforwildplantsinforestsandrarewildtreesoutsideofforests,MOAforotherwildplants.MinistryofConstruction(MOC)forwildplantsincityparks,ScenicLandscapeandHistoricalSitesResearchInstitutions研究单位ChineseAcademyofSciences中国科学院ChineseAcademyofAgricultureSciences中国农业科学研究院UniversitiesandColleges大专院校UnderMEP:AcademyofEnvironmentalSciences环境科学院研究所UnderSFA:AcademyofForestry林业研究院NationalProgramsSixmajorprogrammesforconservation:(1)theNaturalForestsProtectionProgramme;(2)theDevelopingKeyProtectionForestSystemProgrammeintheareaof"ThreeNorths"(“Sanbei”)andMiddleandLowerYangtzeRiver;(3)theReturningFarmlandtoForests/GrasslandsProgramme;(4)theSandstormControlProgrammearoundBeijing;(5)theWildlifeProtectionandNatureReserveSystemDevelopmentProgramme;and(6)theProgrammeofForestryIndustryDevelopment.ChinaismakinggreateffortstopreventfurtherdegradationofenvironmentItisexpectedtoachieveover19%forestcoverby2010andover24%during2011-2030.Forestcoverhasincreasedto18%,from8.6%50yearsago.

ProtectedAreaSystemNatureReservesOver2000underchargesofmanysectorsCover15%terrestriallandofChinaForestParks1400underchargeofStateForestryAdministrationCoverover1%terrestriallandofChinaScenicLandscapeandHistoricalSites800underchargeofMinistryofConstructionCoverover1%terrestriallandofChinaInternationalNGOWildlifeConservationSociety(WCS)WorldConservationUnion(IUCN)WorldWideFund(WWF)fornatureFaunaandFloraInternational(FFI)TheNatureConservancy(TNC)国际野生生物保护学会

WCS

WildlifeConservationSociety

WCSprojectsaroundtheworld-------600+projects,approx.3000staff,workingin64countries.

Staffnumber:4200，NY1200，Globalover3000Africa 1,100Asia 800LatinAmerica&Caribbean 300NorthAmerica 125NYC 60动物园系统 1,6001895NewYorkZoologicalSociety

andchangedintoWCS©WCSReintroduction1907,bisonreintroductionwasverysuccessfulParksandprotectedareasSince1920s,WCShashelpedestablishingover100parksandPAsFieldresearchSince1959,GeorgeSchallerconductedresearchesinAfrica,AsiaandAmerica©WCSZooeducation

Since1929,WCSestablishedhundredsofformaleducationprogramsExploration1934BermudaTriangle80年代

90年代

2002-至今野外调查地：ChinaProgram（1996－Now）BeijingHunchunLhasaGuangzhou野生老虎要如何保护？本世纪初，中国野生虎不足50只孟加拉虎15印支虎10东北虎20Trans-boundarySino-Russiantigerpopulations

About450tigersinRussiaFarEastaresourcepopulationsfortigerrecoveryinChinaPeople’sRepublicofChinaRussianFederation虎的社会组织结构

TheSocialstructureoftigers

Foodneeds

Onedeerlikeanimalaweek

Breedingfemalemore

Intheterritorial,itwouldbearound500

deersAREAREQUIREMENTSFORTIGERSINNORTHEASTASIA:FemalesarethekeytopopulationviabilityFemalesareterritorialFemaleaveragehomerangesize=450km21993-1997WEARETRYINGTOCREATEAPOPULATIONWITHADEFINEDNUMBEROFFEMALES:IFWEWANT: WENEED:1female(x450) 450km24females 1800km28females 3600km212females 5400km218females 8100km2ProtectedareanetworkfortigersinRussia428-502tigersCurrentdistribution2005,thereare430-500,about20inChinaLargehabitatconservation13rangecountriesagreedtoconductGlobalTigerInitiativeanddoubtthenumberofwildtigersby2022世界自然保护联盟IUCN-WorldConservationUnionIUCNIUCN,countryandorganizationalmemberover1000,crossing133countries.Expertmembersover11000China1996,became75thmemberMISSIONToinfluence,encourageandassist

societiesthroughouttheworld

toconservetheintegrityanddiversityofnatureandtoensurethatanyuseofnaturalresourcesisequitableandecologicallysustainableSTRUCTUREMembersCouncilSecretariatCommissionsSteeringCommittees,SpecialistGroupsRegional&NationalCommitteesStrategyOperationsRegionsProgrammeFinance,humanresources,administration,legal,ITMembershipservices,communications,donorrelations,fundraisingBiodiversity,livelihoods.climatechange,energy,greenmarketsAfrica,Americas,Asia,EuropeIUCN的组织形式1)WorldConservationCongress,every3years2）6

CommissionsSpeciesSurvivalCommission（SSC）WorldCommissionofProtectedArea-WCPACommissiononEnvironmental,EconomicandSocialPolicy(CEESP)

WorldCommissiononEnvironmentalLaw(WCEL)CommissiononEducationandCommunication(CEC)CommissiononEcosystemManagement(CEM)IUCN的组织形式6）专家组食肉动物专家组、灵长类专家组、鹳、鹮和琵鹭专家组、松柏类植物专家组、入侵物种专家组、重引入专家组、可持续性利用专家组、保护繁殖专家组、鳄鱼专家组、水獭专家组、植物项目专家组、雉类专家组、猫科动物专家组等WCCMotion27:ConservationofbearsinAsia,withparticularreferencetobearfarminga.Closedownillegalfarmsassoonaspossible;b.Establishnonewfarmsornewsubsidiaryoperationsofexistingfarms;c.Takeallnecessarystepstopreventtheincreaseinnumbersofbearsinexistingfarmsassoonaspossible;Sevencategories(IUCN)Fourcategories(suggestedinChina)IaStrictNatureReserveIStrictlyprotectedareaIbWildernessAreaIINationalParkIIINaturalparkIIINaturalMonumentorFeatureIVProtectedLandscape/SeascapeVHabitat/SpeciesManagementAreaIIHabitatandspeciesmanagementareaVIProtectedAreawithSustainableUseofNaturalResourcesIVSustainableuseareaProtectedareasinChinanaturereserves

2600

(15%)sceniclandscapes900(近2%)forestparks2277(>2%)wetlandparks

213处watershedprotectedareasgeologicalparks138处waterpark（1300余处）andsmallnaturereservesI.StrictlyprotectedareaII.NaturalparkIII.HabitatandspeciesmanagementareaIV.SustainableuseareaIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIVIIIIVIVIVIIIIII世界自然基金会

WorldWildlifeFund(WWF)1961,in153,over12000projects27statemembers,21officesintheworldTherearenearly5millionsupportersChinasince1980s,firstNGOworkinginChina.ThereareBeijing,Changchun,Chengdu,Nanjing,ShanghaiofficesWWF

inChina120staffworkinginChinaspecies,freshwater,forest,marine,climatechangeandenergy,thegreeneconomyandfootprintGiantpandaconservation2001年调查：秦岭：200±5；岷山：700±13；邛莱山：500±11；相岭：60±7；凉山：200±6保护国际

ConservationInternational(CI)1987,inWashingtonD.C.Workinginover30countriesCriticalEcosystemPartnershipFund(CEPF)25

BiodiversityHotspotsNormanMyers

etal.publishedinNaturein2000Analysisondistributionofvascularplants,terrestrialvertebrates(birds,mammals,reptilesandamphibiansCriticalEcosystemPartnershipFund(CEPF)25hotspotsintheworld(including15tropicalforestand9islands)13：MountainsinSouth-centralChina5:Indo-BurmaTropicalChinaTheNatureConservancy(TNC)WashingtonD.C.195135countries,protect480,000skqm

andover8000kmriverTNCMission ThemissionofTheNatureConservancyistopreservetheplants,animalsandnaturalcommunitiesthatrepresentthediversityoflifeonEarthbyprotectingthelandsandwaterstheyneedtosurvive.TNCHistoryTNCHistoryClimateChangeYangtzeriverconservationProtectedareaBlueprintTheParadiseInternationalFoundation美国的民间保护地状况美国保护地面积7.15亿英亩（含联邦政府，州政府，当地机构和非政府机构的土地，未包含受保护地役权保护超过4000万英亩的土地）占美国国土面积的31%NGO，本地土地信托机构，大学等民间机构是自然保护不可或缺的力量；2015年美国有1362个土地信托机构，保护面积22.8万平方公里，超过国土面积的2.5%1%1,000公益保护地Places示范Empower赋能Policy

&

Law政策和法律Connecting连接Financing资金中国策略未来计划未来3-5年，桃花源基金会投资1亿人民币投入公益保护地可以在自然保护区周边，生物多样性重要区域，保护区之间连通地带，推动建立公益保护地作为保护区的拓展，缓解社区矛盾向海老河沟李子坝关坝八月林西草海渠南龙格村现有公益保护地拟建公益保护地现在、未来林甸湿地呼伦贝尔大鸨万山国有林场玛棚三江源通天河黄山神农架佛顶山大耒山熊耳村云桥湿地天山海口栗喉蜂虎新盈湿地天行长臂猿普洱黑山寨哀牢山保护措施保护区严格保护看门&巡护严格执法扩展区产业扶贫扩展区保护资金生态探索区乡村休闲服务区美丽乡村互动区户外探险生态观察科普宣传老河餐吧文化小舍河畔茶舍蜀地新居有机农园节庆活动自然书庐桃花驿扩展区发展方向桃花制+桃花驿FaunaandFloraInternational(FFI)1903

UK，FirstNGOintheworldToacttoconservethreatenedspeciesandecosystemsworldwide,choosingsolutionsthataresustainable,basedonsoundscienceandtakeintoaccounthumanneeds.40countriesover120projectsBeijing,Chongqing,GuangxiTRAFFIC

thewildlifetrademonitoringnetworkEstablishedin1970s

togetherbyIUCNandWWFTRAFFIC’smissionistoensurethattradeinwildplantsandanimalsisnotathreattotheconservationofnatureInUKWorkcloselywithCITESThereare22officeOver40countries国际爱护动物基金会Vision:AworldrespectandprotectanimalsMission:Rescueandprotectanimalsintheworld国际爱护动物基金会IFAW

inChina国际爱护动物基金会OtherinternationalNGOs绿色和平（GREENPEACE）GreenVoiceEnvironmentalSolutions,呼唤绿色环境保护中心,US-ChinaEnvironmentalFund,美中环境基金会GlobalEnvironmentalFacility

全球环境基金（GEF）By2014,GEFprovide1.062billionUSDto141projectsinChinaDonationtoprotectedareasofChina1996-2001,NatureReserveManagementProje