四种完成进行时态与被动语态

四种完成进行时态与被动语态导三在学习了进行时态和完成时态之后，我们就很容易理解完成进行时态。它既有完成时的态一过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时的含义，又有进行态一给人以生动的画面感,使语气更强的意义。也就是说它们是完成与进行两种“态”的结合。▲完成时态的构成句型时代、\主系表主谓宾现在完成have(has)beenhave(has)done过去完成hadbeenhaddone将来完成willhavebeenwillhavedone过去将来完成wouldhavebeenwouldhavedone▲完成进行时态的构成现在完成进行时态have(has)beendoing过去完成进行时态hadbeendoing将来完成进行时态willhavebeendoing过去将来完成进行时态wouldhavebeendoing在学习完成时态时，我们已经了解完成时态有两种用法。1、过去的动作对说话时产生的影响。2、过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时。完成进行时态只具备完成时态的第2种用法，即过去发60生的动作一直持续到说话时，并加入进行态给人的画面感，使语气更强。下面通过完成进行时态与完成时态的比较加以说明。▲现在完成进行时态Myteacherhasbeenworkingonthatsubjectthelasttwoyears.Myteacherhasworkedonthatsubjectthelasttwoyears.这两年我的老师一直在研究那个课题。第一句与第二句除了在持续性上相同外，还多了一种画面感，好像能够看到那位老师埋头工作的情景，所以语气更强。但用汉语很难译出两个句子的区别。Ihavebeenwaitingforyou.Ihavewaitedforyou.第一句给人的感觉比第二句更亲切，好像能够看到说话人等待的样子。22.Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.--Iamtired.I thelivingroomallday.A.painted B.hadpaintedC.havebeenpainting D.havepainted▲过去完成进行时态Hewastired.Hehadbeenworkingallday.Hewastired.Hehadworkedallday.61他累了。他干了一整天。第一句由于有进行时态的画面感，给人的感觉要比第二句给人的感觉更“辛苦”些。▲将来完成进行时态Mr.SmithwillhavebeenlivinginChinaforexactlytwentyyearsinanothermonth,stime.Mr.SmithwillhavelivedinChinafortwentyyearsinanothermonth,stime.再过一个月，史密斯先生在中国就整整住了二十年了。第一句语气要比第二句强，更能给人一种史密斯在中国住了很长时间的感觉。▲过去将来完成进行时态HesaidthatbytheendofthisyearhewouldhavebeenStudyingEnglishforthreeyears.HesaidthatbytheendofthisyearhehadstudiedEnglishforthreeyears.注：第一句想要给对方一种他学了很长时间英语的感觉。第二句则比较平淡。被动语态被动语态是动词的一种形式，只有主谓卖句型才有被动语态，它所强调的，不是动作的发出者，而是动作的接受者，在掌握了时态以后，学习被动语态并不难，重要的是牢记被动语态的动词形式，我们在后面为大家列的表格，请大家熟记。62Thepolicemanarrestedthethief.Thethiefwasarrested(bythepoliceman).注：如果没有必要强调动作的发出者，我们可以把 bythepoliceman省略。Theteachercantranslatethissentenceindifferentways.Thissentencecanbetranslatedindifferentways.Opportunitiesareseldomlabeled(贴标签).----JOHNA.SHEDD很少有贴着标签的机遇。▲被动语态表一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amisIdoneareJam一•is beingisdoneareJhavehas1悖beendone过去was]donewereJwas….[being[donewereJhadbeendone将来shall]willfbedoneshall-will-havebeenAdone过去将来should]wouldrbedoneJshould^havebeenwould广doneBitebitbit63ThedogbitesmeThedogbitesme.Iambitbythedog.Thedogbitme.IwasbitTythedoThedogwillbiteme.Iwillbebitbythedog.Thedogwouldbiteme.Iwouldbebitbythedog.Thedogisbitingme.Iambeingbitbythedog.Thedogwasbitingme.Iwasbeingbitbythedog.Thedoghasbitme.IhavebeenbiFbythedog.Thedoghadbitme.Ihadbeenbitbythedog.Thedogwillhavebitme.Iwillhavebeenbitbythedog.Thedogwouldhavebitme.64Iwouldhavebeenbitbythedog.重要提示时态是英语中非常复杂的概念，必须通过长期的阅读和在实际会话中细心体会。我们通过下面的表，试图让同学们抓住时态中最主要的用法和规律。英语时态是“时”与“态”的结合，即四种时间概念十四种不同的情态（实际上只有两种情态，进行态和完成态，一般时不含情态，完成进行态是完成态与进行态的结合。）如果从这样一个角度去理解，把下表竖列的时间+横行的情态，就能够比较容易掌握16种时态。希望在练习时，细心体会，多问为什么。（附时态表两张，以帮助同学们复习。请见本书后的附录1.附录2.）1主动被动2时3态6.选择（本栏目题全部来自历年高考原卷，很多题通过率只有30%左右，可见学生在时态上非常混乱，希望同学们在做题时，能够举一反三，真正掌握时态的精髓。）Ifcitynoises fromincreasing,people shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep;havetoInsomepartsoftheworld,tea withmilkandsugar.A.isserving B.isserved65

C.servesD.servedC.serves-Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.--Yes,Ataxi atallnecessary,A.wasn,t B.hadn,tbeenC.wouldn,t D.won,tbe.4.Mydictionary .Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstillit.A.haslost;don,tfind B.ismissing;don,tfindC.haslost;haven'tfound D.ismissing;haven'tfound5.IneedonemorestampbeforemycollectionA.hascompleted B.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted主将从现将来时的几种表达：willisgoingto istoisabouttocan.…Wantplanneed4祈使句6.-thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.--Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I,vebeentold B.I,vetoldC.I,mtold D.Itold六、选择（本栏题全部来自历年高考原卷，很多题通过率只有30%66左右，可见学生在时态上非常混乱，希望同学们在做题时，能够举一反三，真正掌握时态的精髓）。Ifcitynoises fromincreasing,people shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept#willhaveB.arenotkept#havetotoC.donotkeep#willhavetoD.donotkeep#haveto—Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?—Oh,I,mterriblysorry. .A.I,mnotnoticing B.Iwasn,tnoticingC.Ihaven,tnoticed D.Idon,tnoticeTherewasalotoffunatyesterday'sparty.You come,butwhydidn,tyou?A.musthave B.shouldC.needhave D.oughttohave—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.一Yes,Ataxi atallnecessary.A.wasn,t B.hadn,tbeenC.wouldn,t D.won,tbe一Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI here.A.was B.havebeenC.came D.amcomingTom intothehousewhennoone .A.slipped#waslooking B.hadslipped#lookedC.slipped#hadlooked D.wasslipping #lookedMydictionary .Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstillit.A.haslost#don,tfindB.ismissing#don,tfind67C.haslost#haven,tfoundD.ismissing#haven,tfoundInsomepartsoftheworld,tea withmilkandsugar.A.isserving B.isservedC.serves D.served一I,msorrytokeepyouwaiting.一Oh,notatall.I hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeen B.hadbeenC.was D.willbeIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection .A.hascompleted B.completesC.hasbeencompleted D.iscompletedThesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.一Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentold B.I’vetoldC.I’mtold D.ItoldAsshe thenewspaper,Granny asleep.A.read#wasfalling B.wasreading#fellC.wasreading#wasfallingD.read#fellShirley abookaboutchinalastyearbutIdon,tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswritten B.wroteC.hadwritten D.waswritingYoudon,tneedtodescribeher.I herseveraltimes.A.hadmet B.havemetC.met D.meet—WhoisJerryCooper?一?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don'tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn'tyoumethimyet68

C.Didn,tyoumeethimyetD.Haven,tyoumethimyetHelen herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband home.A.hasleft#comes B.left#hadcomeC.hadleft#came D.left#came一Ihaven,theardfromHenryforalongtime.-Whatdoyousuppose tohim?A.washappeningC.hashappenedB.tohappenA.washappeningC.hashappenedB.tohappenD.hadhappened一Howlong eachotherbeforethey married?一Foraboutayear.havetheyknown#getdidtheyknow#weregoingtogetdotheyknow#aregoingtogetThepenI Inose.ThepenI Inose.A.think#lostC.think#hadlostisonmydesk,rightundermyB.thought#hadlostD.thought#havelost一Oh,it,syou!I you.一I,vejusthadmyhaircutandI,mwearingnewglasses.A.didn'trecognize B.hadn'trecognizedC.haven,trecognized D.don,trecognize一Nancyisnotcomingtonight.一Butshe !A.promises B.promisedC.willpromise D.hadpromised一Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.——Iamtired.I thelivingroomallday.69

A.painted B.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepaintedTheprice ,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdown B.willgodownC.hasgonedown D.wasgoingdown—You,redrinkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noone mebutyou.A.isseeing B.hadseenC.sees D.sawI,vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I mymum.A.amtaking B.havetakenC.take D.willhavetakenAllthepreparationsforthetask ,andwe,rereadytostart