现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)

现在完成时讲解一、构成:肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化：a)一般情况下，直接加ed,（work---worked，water---watered,finish---finished等;）b)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y变成i再加ed,（carry-- -carriedstudy---studied等;）c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。（stop---stopped，shop---shopped）d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d（过去分词不规则变化表：二、用法：用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词：①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦once/twice/数字+times例：Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihaveneverhadacar(我从未有过汽车。)Ihavebeentheretwice.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。• Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了。• Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）• Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。• Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b）never是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever表示“曾经”• WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。• HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？c）just用于句中,表示“刚刚”• I’vejusthadbreakfast.我刚吃完早饭。• Whathavetheyjustdone?他们刚刚做了什么？d）before用于句末,表示“以前”• I’veseenitbefore.我以前见过它。练习：用never，ever，already，before,just或yet填空。1.Ihave__________seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas__________finishedhishomework.3.--Haveyou_________seenthefilm?--No,Ihave________seenit.4.---Hasthebusleft_______?---Yes,ithas________left.5.Wouldyouliketogotothezoowithme?Yes,butIhavebeenthere_________.★hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的区别：1.have/hasgoneto去了某地（还在某地没回来）---Whereisyourfather?你爸爸在哪里？---HehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了。2.have/hasbeento曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方）+次数（once/twice/数字+times）MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai3times.我爸爸去过上海3次。画线提问：________________hasyourfatherbeentoShanghai?3.have/hasbeenin待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+for+时间段/+since+时间点MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths/sincetwomonthsago.我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。画线提问：_______________hasyourfatherbeeninShanghai?▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in，这四个地点副词是：here,there,home,abroad练习：用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空。1._____youever_____Disneyland?2.Howmanytimes_____you_____Disneyland?3.I_____Nanjingsincetwoyearsago4.Mr.Li_____HongKong.Andhe'llcomebackintwodays.5.—Howlong_____you_____Disneyland?—Forthreedays.I__________thethemeparklastSunday.6.Myfather__________HongKongtwoweeksago.7.Myfather__________HongKongin2005.8.Myfather__________HongKongsince2005.9.Myfather__________HongKongtwice.10.Myfather__________HongKongandhehasn'tcomebackyet.11.—Where'sLucy?—Shehas__________toarestaurantforlunch.12.Haveyou__________tothisparkbefore.13.Ihave__________thereonlyoncethisyear.14.Shehas__________totheshoptobuyanotebook.15.You'relate,LaoWanghas__________toGuangzhou.用法二：表示过去已经开始,并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词：⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨for+时间段⑩since+时间点IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。a)for+一段时间Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.我在这里5周了。He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.他学习英语3年了。b)since+(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/从句(一般过去时)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.我自从2000年开始在这里。Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.我自从5年前就在这里。IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.我自从2000年毕业就在这里。注：1)对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.画线提问：_______________haveyoulivedhere?注2):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于howlong引导的问句中Eg.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.★为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,goout→beoutcome(go,arrive,get)→beindie→bedead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）leave→beaway(from…),open→beopenclose→beclosed练习：选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.三、与一般过去时的用法比较1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等），不与表示过去的时间连用;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间连用。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。2．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.现在完成时练习题单项选择Ihavebeenlivinghere_____1999.A.forB.afterC.inD.since2._____haveyoubeenplayingtheguitar?For5years.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howoften3.______mayIkeepthesebooks?Fortwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon4.______haveyoubeenhere?I’vebeenhereformonths.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howmany5.Theboy______TVallmorning.A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched6.Howlong_____you_____stamps?Sincetwoyearsago.A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,beencollectingD.are,collecting7.Theyarestillworkinginthefields.They______fortwohours.A.wasworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.workedD.areworking8.Helookstired.Oh,he____forthreehours.A.havebeenskatingB.havebeenskatedC.hasbeenskatingD.hasbeenskated9.He______itfortwohours,andheisstillwatchingnow.A.hasbeenB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching10.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten11.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see12.Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin13.Howlonghaveyou____here？—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14.Hurryup！Theplay_____fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen17.____hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe____toChina？A.Howsoon，comesB.Howoften，gotC.Howlong，cameD.Howfar，arrived18.Hisuncle____formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity19.Sarahhasbeensleeping______2:00pm.A.forB.atC.inD.since20.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom，_____？A.sotheyB.don‘ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey二．句型转换：1.Ihavebeenwatchingthefootballmatchforhalfanhour.（划线提问）______________________youbeenwatchingthefootballmatch?HehasbeenstudyingJapanesefortwoyears.（同义句转换）HehasbeenstudyingJapanese______twoyears______.Westartedthepartytwohoursago.（划线提问）_____________you________theparty?Theoldman_____lastyear.He__________________forayear.（die）（动词填空）Doyouswimeveryday?（用fortwohours改写）_______you________fortwohours.6.MissGaoleftanhourago.（同义句转换）MissGao_______________________________anhour.7.HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.8.TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.（同义句转换）_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.、三、动词填空1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?四、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？7.这车你买多长时间了？三年了。8.你洗盘子了吗？没有。我马上去做。9.你离开家乡几年了？十年了。10.这本书我借了一周了。现在完成时（１）现在完成时用来表示过去的动作对现在的影响，常与already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等词连用。Ihavealreadyspentallofmymoney.(我已经花完了我所有的钱)Hehasn’treturnedfromabroadyet.(他还没有从外国回来)（２）现在完成时还可表示过去的经历，常与ever,never，twice等表示频度的时间状语连用。HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?ShehasbeentoEuropetwice.（３）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.注意（超级重要!!!!）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose等）在肯定句中不能for/since连用。要改变动词:1.have代替buyMybrotherhashadthisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekeptthebookforquiteafewdays.3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.5、用wear代替puton6、用“be＋形容词”代瞬间动词（1）、be＋married代marry（2）、be＋ill代fall(get)ill（3）、be＋dead代die（4）、be＋asleep代fall(get)asleep（5）、be＋awake代wake/wakeup（6）、be＋away代leave（7）、be＋open代open（8）、beclosed代close（9）、be＋lost代lose7、用“be＋副词”代瞬间动词（1）“be＋on”代start,begin（2）“be＋up”代getup（3）“be＋backto”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto(4)“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here(5)“be＋over”代finish8、用“be＋介词短语”代瞬间动词（1）、“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo（2）、“beinthearmy代替jointhearmy2.现在完成时的时间状语

(1)用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。(2)用ever和never多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

---HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?---IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.(3)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,sofar,uptonow,inthepastfewyears/duringthelastfewyears等。Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.(4)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。---Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.---Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?3.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）4.其他几点注意事项（1）havebeento与havegoneto的区别：havebeento表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegoneto表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。如：

TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.HehasgonetoBeijing.（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，可以用现在完成时或者不用。如：Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehisfatherdied.（3）不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.5.用于现在完成时的句型(1)Itisthefirst/secondtimethat…ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.(2)Thisisthe+最高级…that…ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.现在完成时专项练习单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity21.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway22.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin23.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened24.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome25.Youmustn't_____untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft26.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover27.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught28.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became29.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned30.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead31.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept32.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC