高中英语特殊句式全面讲解及练习

高中英语特别句式全面解说及练习高中英语特别句式全面解说及练习/高中英语特别句式全面解说及练习高中英语语法讲义第二讲——特别句式倒装句平常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了重申句子的某一部分，或许出于词汇用法、语法构造或修辞上的需要，将这类比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完满倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。一.完满倒装：谓语动词完满置于主语以前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。1.一些表示地址、时间或方向等的副词或介词短语。如：

here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away,off,intheroom,onthewall等置于句首。Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrella.Thenfollowedthreedaysofheavyrain.Outrushedthechildrenlaughingloudly.Awayflewtheplane.2.such

位于句首。SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20

th

century

’sgreatestientistsc.注：此句型中的

such

多被以为是表语，因此

such

后的

be

动词应与此后真实的主语保持一致。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，神态动词或be动词）置于主语以前1.so+be动词/助动词/神态动词+主语，意为“也...是这样”。Theylovemakinglotsoffriends;sodoI.2.neither/nor+be动词/助动词/神态动词+主语，意为“也...不这样”。Lilycan’trideabicycle;neither/norcanLucy.3.否认词never,seldom,nor,not,little,hardly,scarcely等或表示否认意义的介词短语atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition等置于句首时。Notasinglemistakedidhemake.=Hedidn’tmakeasinglemistake.4.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。OnlythendidIbegintounderstandhim.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstoodSuchprogressdidhemakethathewonmuchrespect.三．形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把重申的内容提至句首，主谓其实不倒装。1.痛惜句Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!=Howinterestingatalktheyhad!+比较级,the+比较级句型ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.+n.或however+adj./adv.指引的退步状语从句Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.4,as/though指引退步状从，表语、状语、含神态动词的谓语提早，表语为单数名词提早不用冠词。Youngas/thoughhewas,hewassuccessful.Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuch.题组训练1.Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.2.Atnotimetheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.3.OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionthesecondtimeshenoticethespellingmistake.4.It’ssogood.NeverbeforeIhadsuchanicemeal!Iamgladyoulikeit.答案：1.will2.did3.did4.have重申句1.重申句型的陈说句形式：Itis/was+被重申部分+that/who+其余部分。被重申部分为“人”时可用who/that,被重申部分是“事物”时用that.ItisIwho/thatamright（重申主语）Itwashimthat/whowemetattheschoolgate.（重申宾语）ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.（重申状语）2.重申句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit+被重申部分

+that/who+

其余成分Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutIsitProfessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish3.重申句型的特别疑问句形式：特别疑问词

+is/wasitthat+

其余成分。WhowasitthatbrokethewindowWhenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterdayWhatisitthatyouwantmetodo4.有时可用Itmightbethat/who,Itmusthavebeenthat/who句型表示重申。Itmightbehisfatherthat/whoyou’rethinkingof.Itmusthavebeenhisbrotherthat/whoyousaw.5.notuntil构造的重申句型。其重申句式为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被重申部分+that+主句的必然式Hedidn’tgotobeduntilteno’clock.Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.二对谓语动词的重申Itis/waswho/that构造不可以重申谓语动词。重申谓语动词，用助动词do,does或did加原形。Docomethisevening.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.Tomdoesstudyhardnow.三特别疑问句中以“thedevil“”onearth“”intheworld表”“终究；终究”之意来起重申的作用。Whatonearthareyoudoing.题组训练1.WasbecauseJackcamelateforschoolMr.Smithgotangry2.ItonlyafterhehadreadthepapersMr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.3.ItwasnotuntilIcamehereIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.4.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillagethehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.其余特别句式一省略与取代（一）定语从句中的省略现象限制性定语从句中宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略。如Sheisthegirl(whom/who/that)Iwouldliketoworkwith.（二）状语从句中的省略现象1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，这时从句中可以出现以下结构：1）连词（though,if,when等）+形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.2）连词（asif,while等）+介词短语Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.3）连词（when,while,though）+此刻分词While（Iwas）walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.4）连词（when,if,unless,once,than等）+过去分词Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.5）连词（asif,asthough等）+不定式Heopenedhismouthasif(hewere)tosaysomething.注：当主从句的宾语一致时，有时也可以这样省略。如：Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.2.当从句中的主语是it，谓语部分又含有be动词时，也可把it和be动词一同省略，组成“连词（if,unless,when,whenever等）+形容词”的构造。Makeacarefulplanif(itis)possible.Unless(itis)necessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.（三）不定式的省略，独自使用不定式符号to1.取代动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,reuse,seem,try,want,wish等后边。Iaskedhimtoseeafilm,buthedidn’wantto.2.在have,need,ought,begoing,used等后边Ididn’wanttogothere,butIhadto.3.在某些形容词，如glad,happy,pleased,delighted后边。WillyoujoininthegameI’dbegladto.否认形式的省略用notto.ShallIgoinsteadofhimIpreferyounotto.（四）用so或not取代前面提到的句子。1.在if条件句中，常用so/that取代前面提到的句子。Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(=Ifyoudon’getupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso(=Ifheisnotathome),leavehimanote.,hope,suppose,believe,imagine,beafraid,expect,guess等词后常用not取代否认句，so取代短语或从句。Shemustlooklikeaprettygirl.Yes,Iimagineso.IsProfessorSmithverysickI’mafraidso.Islippedonthestairs.Ithinkmyarmisbroken.Oh!Ihopenot.Hewantedtogowithus,buthedidnso.’tsay题组训练:将以下句子中的省略成分补全Hewasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan,whateverthecost.Whensplit,anatomcanreleaseenergy.Theywerescoldedwheneverlateforschool.Ifnotwellorganized,themeetingwillbeafailure.二祈使句1.否认式和重申式Don’tbesosure否.(定式）Dobecareful.(重申式）2.祈使句+and+陈说句

=If,+主句祈使句+or+陈说句=If...not,+主句Workinghardandyouwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Hurryuporwewillbelate.=Ifyoudon

’thurryup,wewillbelate.题组训练：句型变换1.Workhardandyouwillbeadmittedtoakeyuniversity.youworkhard,youadmittedtoakeyuniversity.Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillbelateforthebus.youwillbelateforthebus.三痛惜句What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语Whatacleverboyheis!=Howcleveraboyheis!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!Howhighthemountainis!Howfastheruns!题组训练：用what,how填空1.aninterestingbookitis!2.interestingabookitis!3.interestingbookstheyare!4.deliciousfoodIhad!5.kindofyoutohelp!6.IwishIwereabird!therebe句型1.therebe句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。be后边是主语，句子结尾是地址（时间）状语.Thereisatalltreeinfrontoftheclassroom.Therewillbeameetingintheconferenceroomat8o’clocktomorrowmorning.2.假如有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be与主语采纳就近原则。Thereisapen,twobooks,andmanypencilsonthedesk.therebe构造有不一样样的时态形式，并且可以和各样助动词、神态动词连用。Therewasameetinginourschoolyesterday.TherewillbeanewfilmshowonSunday.Therehavebeenmanygreatchangesinourcountrysincethen.Therecan’tbeanymistakesinhispassage.4，therebe构造中的谓语动词be有时可用seemtobe,happentobe,belikelytobe,remain,stand,lie,go,exist,follow,live,come,occur等取代。Thereislikelytobesomethingwrongwithhiscomputer.Onceuponatimetherelivedamonkinthetemple.五反意疑问句（一）陈说部分含有must/may(might)的反意疑问句must作“必然”讲时，其反意疑问句部分用needn’t;当含有mustn’t（不一样样意，严禁）时，其反意疑问句部分用must/may.Youmustgonow,needn’tyouYoumustn

’tsmokehere,must/mayyou当

must/may(might)

表示推断，即

must

作“必然，准是”讲，may/might

作“可能”讲时，可第一将句子改为

“Iamsure/guess+that从句”,反意疑问句部分的动词形式依据besure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确立。musthavedone有过去时间状语当过去时反问，不然当此刻达成时反问。Youmust/may(might)behungrynow,

→Iamsure/guessthatyouarehungrynow,aren

→’tyouYoumust/may(might)behungrynow,aren

’tyouYoumusthaveheardaboutit,

→Iamsure/guessthatyouhaveheardaboutit,haven

→

’tyouYoumusthaveheardaboutit,haven

’tyou（二）陈说部分含有

usedto

的反意疑问句其反意疑问句部分用

usedn’或t

didn

’均t可Youusedtosleepwiththewindowopen,usedn’t/didn’tyou（三）陈说部分含有oughtto的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分用oughtn’或tshouldn’均t可Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’the（四）陈说部分含有否认词或半否认词的反意疑问句当陈说部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否认词或半否认词时，反意疑问部分的动词用必然形式。Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe（五）假如陈说部分含有表示“否认”意义的前缀组成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否认形式。Tomdislikeplayingtennis,doesn

’theIt

’sunfair,isn

’tit（六）陈说部分带有宾语从句的反意疑问句1.宾语从句的反意疑问句，一般变主句Hesaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn’theTomdoesn’tbelieveJanewillsucceed,doeshe2.但由I/wethink,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,指引宾从时，反意疑问句需变从句。注意否认前移。Idon’tbelievehewillsucceed,willhe（七）陈说部分为祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的反意疑问句部分不表示反意，而表示一种语气1.否认祈使句，+willyou2.必然祈使句，+will/won’tyou3.Let’s...,+shallwe4.Letus...,+willyou5.Let+第三人称...+willyouOpenthedoor,will/won’tyouLet’soutgoforawalk,shallweLetusgohomenow,willyou（八）therebe句型的反意疑问句其反意疑问句部分用be/神态动词/助动词+thereTherewillberaintomorrow,wonre’ttheThereshouldbenoproblem,shouldthere（九）回答反意疑问句时应依据的原则1.不论陈说部分为否认，仍是反意疑问句部分为否认，回答时只看所提到的事情能否已/会发生。假如发生了，用．．．．．．．．．．．．．必然回答，不然用否认回答。2.答案就两个，要么必然，要么否认，不会出现近似Yes,Idon或’No,tIdo的形式。前否后肯时，yes/no反过来译。（十）反意疑问句部分的主语和陈说部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种状况陈说部分主语反意疑问句部分主语例句one（指人）one或heOnecan’tbecarefulenough,canhe/onethis,that,these,thoseit或theyThisisn’tafast,trainisiteverything,anything,something,itNothinghappenedtohim,diditnothingeveryone,everybody,someone,he或they（更常有）Nobodylikestobelaughedat,doeshe/dotheysomebody,nobody,anyone,anybody不定式，动名词，其余短语itLearningEnglishwelltakesusalotoftime,doesn’tit题组训练1.Youhaven’tbeenherelong,haveyou.Iamanewcomerhere.2.NeitheryounorIhavedonesuchsillythings,3.Whatalongtimewe’vebeenwaiting,4.Mrs.Blackdoesn’tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,5.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,6.Johntoldyouthattherewasn7.John,youmopthefloor,

’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,8.Let’shaveabreak,9.Mr.Smith,letushaveabreak,10.Thereisnodoubtaboutit,答案

1.No,Ihaven

’t

we

’tit

she

’tit

’the/won’tyou

we

you

there特别句式练习练习一1.OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficesherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.2.OnlyaftertalkingtotwostudentsIdiscoverthathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.3.ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomeIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.4.Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturyhismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.5.If(accept)forthejob,you’llbeinformedsoon.6.Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif(leave)inthewronghands.7.Alwaysinmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.8.Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.9.It’snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehaveotdomakeslifehappy.10.(observe)carefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.11.Givemeachance,I’llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.12.Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,ever,reaching30℃insummer.13.(make)whatyou’redoingtodayimportant，becauseyou’retradingadayofyourlifeforit.14.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice(not).15.Everyday(read)aproverbaloudseveraltimesuntilyouhaveitmemorized.16.byincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percentcanthepatientsbetreatedproperlyinthishospital.17.Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardshipherealizethelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.18.“Neverforasecond,theboy”says.“Idoubtthatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”19.NotonceitoccurMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.20.OnlywhenheapologizesforhisrudenessIspeaktohimagain.21.Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsagoheconsiderhavingaholidayabroad.22.Littleshecarewhatshelookslike;allshecaresaboutisherjobperformance.23.NeverbeforeheseenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.24.Thisisnotmystory;noritthewholestory.Mystoryplaysoutdifferently.25.Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlanticZhengHehadsailedtoEastAfrica.26.(knock)atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.27.Beforeyouquityourjob,(consider)howyourfamilywouldfeelaboutyourdecision.28.Wasitonalonelyislandhewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown29.Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedobenefitsourworkfast.30.Itisnotwhatwedoonceinawhileshapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently.31.Bringtheflowersintoawarmroomthey’llsoonopen.32.Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,you’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.练习二1.Ihavenothingtodeclare.Whatisityouwantmetosay2.Sosudden(be)thetrainthatpeopleinthestreetallrushedinalldirectionstofindashelter.3.Thegroundiswetallover,soI’msureitmusthaverainedlastnight,it4.Itwasinthepark,wherestandsanoldtemple,weaskedourguidetotakeaphotoforthetwoofus.5.Theseproblems,ifnotproperly(solve),willseriouslyaffectthegrowthofteenagersandeventhenation’sfuture.6.isthegravityofthesituationthatwecan’tunderlinetheimportanceofpublicattentionenoug7.Unjustthepunishmentwas,heaccepteditwithoutanycomplaint.8.Accustomedwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”,thefilmhasnevthefullsenseoftheword,silent.9.Mr.Mikedidn’tunderstandwhatitwasmadehiswifesoupsetthismorning.10.Heswitchedoffthelightandwasabouttoleavetheclassroomandonlythenitbegintorainheavily.11.Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.Sohe,andhaveyou.12.WasBill,whoplayedbasketballverywell,helpedtheblindmancrosstheroadYes,ofcourse.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.13.Theyfeltitwashightaxandlowincomecontributedtotheextrememiseryoftheworkingpeopleatthebottomoftheladder.14.Hi,Tom.DoesJohnhaveanyhobbiesIf,swimmingwillappealtohimmoststrongly.15.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,andneitherHenry.16.It’snice.beforehaveIhadsuchaspecialdrink!I’mgladyoulikeit.17.Absurditmightsound,everyonepresentwasamusedbyhisadventurestoryinAfrica.18.Ilikethisdressbetterthanthatone.doI,butitcostsalmosttwiceasmuch.19.Asisknowntous,itwasover100yearsagoTsinghuaUniversitywasfounded.20.Betweenthetwogenerations,itisoftennottheirage,buttheireducationcausesmisunderstanding.21.Oneofmyfavoritesayingis,“(laugh)andtheworldlaughswithyou.”22.Wasitin1969theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon23.Idon’tthinkhecouldhavefinishedwritinghispaperlastnight,he24.AsfarasIcansee,isnopossibilitythathewillwinthetennismatchthistime.25.Mydaughterwouldliketohaveherphotostakenwhere(lie)alake.26.Onlythensherealizehowseriousthesituationhadbeen.27.NeverbeforeIseensuchawonderfulpark,whereI’dliketoainpay.avisitag28.Foramomentnothinghappened;then(come)cheersfromtheexcitedaudience.29.NotonlyHunanTV’SrealityshowDad,WhereAreWeGoingreceivedhighpraise,butalsoithasmadethestarsandtheirlovelykidsmorepopular.30.Itisattitudemattersm