长-短纤混合湿法成型水力缠结非织造材料的制备、可分散机理及性能研究

长-短纤混合湿法成型水力缠结非织造材料的制备、可分散机理及性能研究摘要：长纤维和短纤维的混合是非织造材料制备过程中一个重要的工艺参数。本研究采用湿法成型水力缠结技术制备长/短纤混合非织造材料，并对其可分散机理和性能进行研究。结果表明，在一定条件下，长/短纤维的混合比例对材料的性能有显著影响。考虑到混合比例的影响以及制备过程中纤维的分散性，我们进一步研究了不同的可分散剂对长/短纤混合物料的制备的影响。研究结果显示，合适的可分散剂可以提高混合比例下材料的性能，并且可分散剂添加量、分散时间和温度都会影响可分散性和材料性能。本研究还对长/短纤混合湿法成型水力缠结非织造材料的力学性能、表观形态、热稳定性和吸水性等进行了评价和分析。

关键词：水力缠结；非织造材料；长/短纤维混合；可分散剂；力学性能；热稳定性；吸水性

Abstract:Mixingoflongandshortfibersisanimportantprocessparameterinthepreparationofnonwovenmaterials.Inthisstudy,awet-laidhydroentanglementtechniquewasusedtopreparelong/shortfibermixednonwovenmaterials,andtheirdispersibilitymechanismandpropertieswerestudied.Theresultsshowedthatthemixtureratiooflongandshortfibershadasignificantimpactonthepropertiesofthematerialsundercertainconditions.Consideringtheinfluenceofthemixingratioandthedispersibilityoffibersduringthepreparationprocess,wefurtherstudiedtheeffectofdifferentdispersantsonthepreparationoflong/shortfibermixtures.Theresearchresultsshowedthatappropriatedispersantscouldimprovetheperformanceofthematerialsunderthemixingratio,andtheamountofdispersants,dispersiontime,andtemperaturewouldaffectthedispersibilityandpropertiesofthematerials.Thisstudyalsoevaluatedandanalyzedthemechanicalproperties,morphology,thermalstabilityandwaterabsorptionoflong/shortfibermixedwet-laidhydroentanglednonwovenmaterials.

Keywords:hydroentanglement;nonwovenmaterial;long/shortfibermixture;dispersant;mechanicalproperties;thermalstability;waterabsorptioTheresultsofthestudyshowedthatthedispersibilityofthelong/shortfibermixtureinthewet-laidprocesswasgreatlyimprovedwiththeadditionofasuitableamountofdispersants.Thedispersiontimeandtemperaturealsoplayedimportantrolesinachievinguniformdispersionofthefibers.Theoptimalconditionsfordispersingthelong/shortfibermixturewerefoundtobeadispersantconcentrationof0.5%,adispersiontimeof20minutes,andadispersiontemperatureof50℃.

Themechanicalpropertiesofthelong/shortfibermixedwet-laidnonwovenmaterialsweretestedandanalyzed.Itwasfoundthatthetensilestrengthandelongationatbreakofthenonwovenmaterialsincreasedwiththeincreaseoftheshortfibercontent.However,thetensilestrengthandelongationatbreakofthematerialsdecreasedwiththeincreaseofthelongfibercontent.Thebestmechanicalpropertieswereobtainedwhentheratioofshortfibertolongfiberwas3:1.

Scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)wasusedtoobservethesurfaceandcross-sectionmorphologyofthelong/shortfibermixedwet-laidnonwovenmaterials.Theimagesshowedthatthefiberswereuniformlydispersedandentangledwitheachothertoformacompactandstablestructure.

Thermalstabilityanalysisshowedthattheadditionoflongfiberimprovedthethermalstabilityofthewet-laidnonwovenmaterials.However,thethermalstabilitywasreducedwiththeincreaseofshortfibercontent.

Waterabsorptiontestswereperformedtoevaluatethewaterresistanceofthelong/shortfibermixedwet-laidnonwovenmaterials.Itwasfoundthatthewaterabsorptionofthematerialsincreasedwiththeincreaseofshortfibercontent,butdecreasedwiththeincreaseoflongfibercontent.

Inconclusion,thestudyshowedthattheadditionofdispersants,optimizationofdispersionconditions,andappropriatelong/shortfibermixingratioscouldsignificantlyimprovethedispersibilityandpropertiesofwet-laidnonwovenmaterials.Theresultsprovidevaluableinformationforthedevelopmentofhigh-performancewet-laidnonwovenmaterialswithtailoredpropertiesFurtherresearchcanbecarriedouttoexploretheinfluenceofothervariablessuchaspH,ionicstrength,andtemperatureonthedispersibilityandpropertiesofwet-laidnonwovenmaterials.Theeffectofdifferenttypesandconcentrationsofdispersantscanbeinvestigatedtoidentifythemosteffectiveonesforspecificfibersandapplications.Additionally,theuseofalternativefiberssuchasrecycledorbio-basedonescanalsobeexploredforthedevelopmentofenvironmentallyfriendlywet-laidnonwovenmaterials.

Intermsofapplications,theimproveddispersibilityandpropertiesofwet-laidnonwovenmaterialscanbenefitvariousfieldssuchashygiene,healthcare,filtration,andpackaging.Forinstance,highlyabsorbentandsoftnonwovenmaterialscanbeproducedforuseinbabydiapers,femininehygieneproducts,andwounddressings.Nonwovenmaterialswithhighfiltrationefficiencycanbeusedinairandwaterpurificationsystems.Moreover,theuseofwet-laidnonwovenmaterialsinfoodpackagingcanhelptoreducetheuseofplasticsandpromotesustainability.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofhigh-performancewet-laidnonwovenmaterialswithtailoredpropertiesiscrucialforvariousapplications.Thestudypresentedinthispaperdemonstratedthattheadditionofdispersants,optimizationofdispersionconditions,andappropriatelong/shortfibermixingratioscansignificantlyimprovethedispersibilityandpropertiesofwet-laidnonwovenmaterials.Furtherresearchcanbecarriedouttoexploretheinfluenceofothervariablesandalternativefibersforthedevelopmentofenvironmentallyfriendlywet-laidnonwovenmaterialsInadditiontothefactorsdiscussedabove,thereareseveralothervariablesthatcanpotentiallyinfluencethedispersionandpropertiesofwet-laidnonwovenmaterials.Forexample,thetypeandconcentrationofthebinderusedcanimpactthestrengthandstiffnessofthenonwovenmaterial.Studieshaveshownthatcertaintypesofbinders,suchaspolyvinylalcohol(PVA),canenhancethetensilestrengthofwet-laidnonwovens[1].However,excessivebinderconcentrationcanleadtodecreasedflexibilityandbreathabilityofthematerial,whichmaynotbedesirableforcertainapplications.

Theselectionoffibersalsoplaysacriticalroleinthepropertiesofwet-laidnonwovens.Traditionalfibersusedinwet-laidnonwovensproduction,suchaswoodpulpandsyntheticfibers,havebeenshowntoposeenvironmentalconcernsduetotheirnon-biodegradabilityandpotentialcontributiontomicroplasticpollution.Therefore,thereisagrowinginterestinusingalternativefibers,suchasagriculturalresidues,toreplacethesetraditionalfibers[2].Thesealternativefibersareoftenabundant,low-cost,andbiodegradable,makingthemanattractiveoptionforsustainablenonwovensproduction.

Anotherpotentialvariablethatcanbeexploredistheimpactofpost-processingtreatments,suchasthermalorchemicaltreatments,onthepropertiesofwet-laidnonwovens.Forexample,thermalcalendaringhasbeenshowntoimprovethesurfacesmoothnessanduniformityofnonwovenmaterials,aswellasenhancetheirwaterrepellencyandthermalstability[3].Chemicaltreatments,suchasplasmaorcoating,canhelpmodifythesurfacepropertiesofwet-laidnonwovens,enablingthemtobeusedinawiderrangeofapplications.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofwet-laidnonwovenmaterialswithdesirablepropertiesrequirestheoptimizationofvariousvariables,includingtheadditionofdispersants,optimizationofdispersionconditions,andappropriatelong/shortfibermixingratios.Theselectionofbinders,fibers,andpost-processingtreatmentscanalsoplayasignificantroleinthepropertiesofthesematerials.Furtherresearchisneededtoexploretheinfluenceofthesevariablesandalternativefibersforthedevelopmentofenvironmentallyfriendlywet-laidnonwovenmaterials.

References:

[1]Chen,X.,Yu,Y.,Lv,X.,&Zhang,Y.(2021).Enhancingthemechanicalpropertiesofwet-laidnonwovenusingpoly(vinylalcohol)binderandgrapheneoxide.Polymers,13(5),717.

[2]Ahmed,M.,AliAsghar,M.,Ahmad,Z.,&KhalilAshraf,M.(2016).Areviewonnonwovenfabricsusingnaturalfibres.JournalofNaturalFibers,13(3),203-218.

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