铁基大块非晶合金的摩擦磨损性能研究

铁基大块非晶合金的摩擦磨损性能研究Abstract

Frictionandwearpropertiesofiron-basedbulkamorphousalloys(BAAs)wereinvestigatedunderdryslidingconditions.Severalalloycompositionswereproducedthroughmeltspinningandweresubsequentlyconsolidatedintobulkformsthroughsparkplasmasintering.ThesampleswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction,scanningelectronmicroscopy,andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.Thecoefficientoffrictionandwearrateofthealloysweremeasuredusingaball-on-disktribometerwithvaryingloads,slidingspeeds,andtemperatures.Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatethetribologicalperformanceoftheamorphousalloysandrelateittotheirmicrostructuralproperties.

Resultsshowedthattheiron-basedBAAshadlowerfrictioncoefficientsandwearratescomparedtocrystallineironandiron-basedalloys.Thewearratedecreasedastheloadincreasedandtheslidingspeeddecreased.Thewearmechanismwasidentifiedtobeacombinationofabrasiveandadhesivewear.Themicrostructuralanalysisrevealedahomogeneousamorphousstructurewithnanoscalecrystallinephasesdistributeduniformlyinthematrix.TheresultssuggestthattheenhancedtribologicalpropertiesoftheBAAwereduetoitsamorphousstructureandnanoscalecrystallinephases.

Introduction

Frictionandweararecriticalfactorsaffectingtheperformanceofmechanicalcomponents.Theuseofamorphousmaterialshasgainedsignificantattentionastheypossessuniquepropertiessuchashighhardness,corrosionresistance,andexcellentmechanicalproperties.Amorphousalloysarecharacterizedbytheirlackoflong-rangeorderandtheirdisorderedatomicstructure,whichprovidesuniquemechanicalandphysicalproperties.Amongamorphousalloys,iron-basedbulkamorphousalloys(BAAs)haveshowngreatpotentialforvariousapplicationsduetotheirexcellentmechanicalandtribologicalproperties.

Iron-basedBAAspossessseveraladvantagesovertheircrystallinecounterparts,suchashighstrengthandductility,lowdensity,improvedwearresistance,andcorrosionresistance.Theuniquecombinationofamorphousandcrystallinephasesinthesealloysprovidessuperiorpropertiesascomparedtotheircrystallinecounterparts.Additionally,iron-basedBAAshavetheabilitytoformanoxidelayerthatcanpromoteself-lubricationduringsliding.

Thetribologicalpropertiesofiron-basedBAAshavebeenstudiedunderdifferentexperimentalconditions.However,theeffectofmicrostructureonthetribologicalpropertiesofthesealloyshasbeenscarcelyexplored.Thisstudyaimstoinvestigatetheeffectofmicrostructureonthetribologicalpropertiesofiron-basedBAAs.

ExperimentalProcedure

Iron-basedBAAsofvariouscompositionswerepreparedbymeltspinningusingahigh-speedspinningwheel.Theamorphousribbonsweresubsequentlyconsolidatedintobulkformsusingsparkplasmasintering.ThemicrostructurewascharacterizedusingX-raydiffraction,scanningelectronmicroscopy,andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.

Thecoefficientoffrictionandwearrateofthealloyswereevaluatedusingaball-on-disktribometer.Thetribometerwasoperatedunderdryslidingconditionsatvaryingloads,slidingspeeds,andtemperatures.Thewearsurfacesofthesampleswereanalyzedusingscanningelectronmicroscopy.

ResultsandDiscussion

TheX-raydiffractionanalysisconfirmedthefullyamorphousstructureoftheiron-basedBAAs.Thescanningelectronmicroscopyshowedahomogenousamorphousstructurewithnanocrystallinephasesdistributeduniformlyinthematrix.Thetransmissionelectronmicroscopyanalysisrevealednanoscalecrystallinephaseswithsizesrangingfrom5-20nm.

Thetribologicaltestsshowedthattheiron-basedBAAshadlowerfrictioncoefficientsandwearratescomparedtocrystallineironandiron-basedalloys.Thewearratedecreasedastheloadincreasedandtheslidingspeeddecreased.Thewearmechanismwasidentifiedtobeacombinationofabrasiveandadhesivewear.ThemicrostructuralanalysisrevealedthatthewearontheBAAsampleswascharacterizedbysmalldebrisandplasticdeformation.

TheresultssuggestedthattheenhancedtribologicalpropertiesoftheBAAwereduetoitsamorphousstructureandnanoscalecrystallinephases.Thefullyamorphousstructurereducedthesurfaceroughnessandtheamountofdebrisgeneratedduringsliding,whilethenanoscalecrystallinephasesactedassliding-inducedstructuralstabilizerstoreducethetendencyforplasticdeformation.

Conclusion

Iron-basedbulkamorphousalloysexhibitedexcellenttribologicalpropertiesunderdryslidingconditions.Thelowfrictioncoefficientandwearrateareattributedtotheuniquecombinationoffullyamorphousstructureandnanocrystallinephases.Theamorphousstructurereducedthesurfaceroughnessandtheamountofdebrisgeneratedduringsliding,whilethenanocrystallinephasesactedassliding-inducedstructuralstabilizerstoreducethetendencyforplasticdeformation.Furtherstudiesareneededtoevaluatethetribologicalpropertiesofthesealloysunderdifferentoperatingconditions,suchashigh-temperatureandhigh-pressureenvironments.Furthermore,thepropertiesofiron-basedBAAscanbetailoredbychangingthecompositionandprocessingconditions,makingthemversatilematerialsforvariousapplications.Forinstance,iron-basedBAAshavebeenusedforthedevelopmentofwear-resistantcoatings,cuttingtools,andbearings.

Theuniquepropertiesofiron-basedBAAsalsopresentchallengesintheirprocessingandcharacterization.Thehighreactivityofthealloysmakesthemdifficulttoprocesswithoutcontamination.Additionally,thesmallsizeofthenanocrystallinephasesmakesthemchallengingtocharacterizeusingconventionaltechniques.

Inconclusion,thisstudydemonstratedtheeffectofmicrostructureonthetribologicalpropertiesofiron-basedBAAsunderdryslidingconditions.Theresultssuggestthattheamorphousstructureandnanocrystallinephasesiniron-basedBAAscontributetotheirexcellenttribologicalproperties.Thesefindingsprovideinsightsforthedevelopmentofnewmaterialswithimprovedtribologicalpropertiesforvariousapplicationsinthemechanicalandengineeringfields.Inadditiontotheirtribologicalproperties,iron-basedBAAsalsoexhibitexcellentmagneticandcorrosionresistanceproperties.Assuch,theyhavebeenextensivelystudiedforpotentialapplicationsinthefieldofmagneticmaterialsandbiocompatiblematerials.

Iron-basedBAAshavebeenusedasprecursorstomagneticnanoparticles,whichhavemanyapplicationsinmedicine,suchasindrugdeliveryandimaging.Furthermore,thecorrosionresistancepropertiesofiron-basedBAAsmakethemsuitableforuseinthebiomedicalindustry,asimplantmaterialsthatresistcorrosioninthehumanbody.

Theversatilityofiron-basedBAAshasalsoledtotheiruseintheaerospaceindustry,specificallyinthedevelopmentoflightweightandhigh-strengthalloys.Oneexampleistheuseofiron-basedBAAsinthedevelopmentofhigh-performanceturbinebladesforaircraftengines.

However,therearestillsomelimitationstotheuseofiron-basedBAAs.Onechallengeistheirrelativelylowductilityandtoughness,whichlimitstheiruseinstructuralapplications.Additionally,thelimitedunderstandingofthefundamentalmechanismsthatgoverntheirpropertiesisstillatopicofresearch.

Despitethesechallenges,iron-basedBAAshaveshowngreatpotentialaspromisingmaterialswithuniquepropertiesthatcanbetailoredforvariousapplications.Furtherresearchisneededtobetterunderstandtheirproperties,processing,andapplications,whichwillfacilitatetheiruseinfuturetechnologicaladvancements.Inrecentyears,therehasbeengrowinginterestinthedevelopmentofiron-basedbulkmetallicglasses(BMGs),whichareatypeofBAA.Comparedtotraditionalcrystallinemetallicalloys,BMGspossessanamorphousstructure,whichgivesthemuniquepropertiessuchashighstrength,excellentcorrosionresistance,andgoodwearresistance.

Iron-basedBMGshavebeeninvestigatedforarangeofpotentialapplications,includinginthebiomedicalandenergyindustries.Forexample,iron-basedBMGshavebeenstudiedaspotentialmaterialsforimplantcoatingsduetotheirbiocompatibilityandexcellentcorrosionresistance.Additionally,iron-basedBMGshavepromisingpotentialinthefieldofenergyconversionandstorage,asaresultoftheirhighelectricalconductivityandmagneticproperties.

Anotherareawhereiron-basedBAAshaveshownpromiseisinthedevelopmentofhigh-performancesoftmagneticmaterials.Theexcellentsoftmagneticpropertiesofiron-basedBAAsmakethemidealforuseaselectromagneticproductioncores,whichareimportantcomponentsintransformersandelectricmotors.

Despitethenumerouspotentialapplicationsofiron-basedBAAs,theirdevelopmentandprocessingremainasignificantchallengeformaterialsscientists.Iron-basedBAAsrequirespecializedtechniques,suchasrapidcoolingrates,tobesynthesizedasbulkmetallicglasses,andthefundamentalmechanismsgoverningtheirpropertiesarestillnotfullyunderstood.Nevertheless,continuedresearchinthisfieldisexpectedtoleadtothedevelopmentofnewandinnovativeapplicationsforiron-basedBAAs.Intermsoftheproductionofiron-basedBAAs,therearetwomainapproaches:meltspinningandsuctioncasting.Meltspinninginvolvesheatingandrapidlycoolingathinstreamofmoltenmetal,resultinginaribbon-likematerialwithanamorphousstructure.Suctioncastinginvolves