有机化学一.羧酸化学性质概述

一.O O3CO4O3CO4羧H2H5

HO OH

H H

+++H

'

C CH3COOH+ D

..CH3COOH+

CH3COOH 投料： ： ：

CH3COOC2H5+醇的反应活性：CH3OH1oROH2oROHHCO2H>CH3CO2H>RCO2H>R2CHCO2H>

O

nHO-CH2CH2-OH nn CH24n ORCOOH+

NH+H

O CHCO

H

NH+NH3+2 OO

+H CH3 222nH

+n

2 2n n C 四四.

RCOOH+ RCOOLi+

+O O

+

R HH

CH

CH CHCH CHCHCH2 ②H 2 CHCH

CHCHCHCH ②H

五.CHCOONa+NaOH CaO CH +NaCO OH3 OCaOH3 O

H3 CH3

CaCO

CH3C-

OCH3

OCH3

OCH3

C

CO O H

OCH3CH3C-

CH2

+

n=

HCOOH+

HCH2-COOH+On= CH2COOH CH2COOH

O+H2OCH2COOH

O+H

OOn= CH2CH2COOH CH2CH2COOH

+CO2+OCHCH CHCH

+CO2+CH2CH2COOHCH2CH2

O+CO2+ CH2CH2COOH AAHunsdieckerOR-C-O

R-C-O

RBr+AgBr+O O

+HgBr2+CO2+

+LiPb(OOCCH3)3+CH3COOH+R-CH2-COOH+ + 23R-CH2-COOH+O

O

O X+ O

X+O

X+

RCHXCOOH+ COOH

COOH+CH ClCHCOOH90-

Cl

BrCH2-COOHNaOH H COOH H

COOH+ H COOH CH=CH-COOH+ HCHCY.Y有-IC

+Y C Cl,RCOO：-RO：-INH2：-IC

>2Y-ClRCOORONH2酯酰胺。

二.生成相应的酰基（

）O 2 Cl 2

RCOOH+ RCOOR'+

O Cl

N(CH

CH3-C-Cl+CH3-C-

3

O

C-Cl+ C- +O Cl

2NH2 Cl+

.RR2Cd,R2CuLi,R-OO +Na-O-O-OCOO +

+

123 123R

(C2H5)2O/FeCl3OOOCHCH CH-C-

(C2H5)2O/FeCl3-

Cl

CH3-C-CH2-C-Cl

CH3-C=CH2

C2H5O-C-(CH2)8-C-

三三.(RCO) H

BF3(C2H5)2O

O

O O

O OCO+CO

HOR/H

R=-C4H9-n,-CH2-CH-

C

CO+2CO

CONH4

COHO OOC

C+H O

CO

+

O

NaOH250C

+R=

相对速率

OOOO +

O

+O

+

C17H35C-CH2OH

R-C-OR''+RCOOCH3+ RCOOCH2(CH2)6CH3+

COCH3+

COCH2CH2O

+O OR'+O OCHCH

NH2+ONH H+CHCH ONH2NH2O

O RCONHOH+OO OC2H5+

H2O,O R'

H2O,

3 H

33O

2 H

1.2 HC-

H3

33H 3HH3O 1.2 2.H 3

H

CH3

pKa CHONa OC2H5+ OC

+(1)C2H5O-+O

OCH2 O

O

+-

C -CH3CCHCOC2H5

O +CH

OC

CH2

Na,CH

— —

CH CH OC

+

C

CH2 CH

OC2H5+

OOH2O,OΔO CH2 五五. O NH2+

RCOOH+NH4ClRCOONa+NH33NH2+CH3

CH

CHCOOH+ O C

N+O

+

+O NH2+Br2+3 RNH2+2 +NaHCO3+O NH

O NHBr

O 2O...

C

R-

RNH2+ 异酸H

O

H

OC

C

+

+2NaHCO3+2 CNH+

OHH

RCONH2+HO- R