2021年6月大学英语六级考试阅读练习题

年6(2)PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)SuggestionsforImprovingReadingSpeedImprovementofReadingRateItissafetosaythatalmostanyonecandoublehisorherspeedofreadingwhilemaintainingequalorevenbettercomprehension.Inotherwords,youcanimprovethespeedwithwhichyougetwhatyouwantfromyourreading.Theaveragecollegestudentreadsbetween250and350wordsperminuteonfictionandnon-technicalmaterials.A"good"readingspeedisaround500to700wordsperminute,butsomepeoplecanread1,000wordsperminuteormoreonthesematerials.Whatmakesthedifference?Therearethreemainfactorsinvolvedinimprovingreadingspeed:(1)thedesiretoimprove,(2)thewillingnesstotrynewtechniquesand(3)themotivationtopractice.Learningtoreadrapidlyandwellpresupposesthatyouhavethenecessaryvocabularyandcomprehensionskills.Whenyouhaveadvancedonthereadingcomprehensionmaterialstoalevel第1页共13页atwhichyoucanunderstandcollege-levelmaterials,youwillbereadytopracticespeedreadinginearnest.TheRoleofSpeedintheReadingProcessUnderstandingtheroleofspeedinthereadingprocessisessential.Researchshowsacloserelationbetweenspeedandunderstanding--althoughitistheoppositeofwhatyoumightexpect!Amongthousandsofindividualstakingreadingtraining,inmostcasesanincreaseinratewasaccompaniedbyanincreaseincomprehensionandadecreaseinratebroughtdecreasedcomprehensionwithit.Itappearsthatploddingorword-by-wordanalysisinhibitsratherthanincreasesunderstanding.Mostadultsareabletoincreasetheirreadingrateconsiderablyandratherquicklywithoutloweringtheircomprehension.Thesesameindividualsusuallyshowadecreaseincomprehensionwhentheyreducetheirrate.Suchresults,ofcourseareheavilydependentuponthemethodusedtogaintheincreasedrate.Simplyreadingmorerapidlywithoutactualimprovementinbasicreadinghabitsusuallyresultsinloweredcomprehension.FactorsthatReduceReadingRateSomeofthefactorswhichreducereadingrate:1.Limitedperceptualspan(word-by-wordreading);第2页共13页2.Slowperceptualreactiontime(slowrecognitionandresponsetothematerial)3.Vocalization(readingaloud)4.Faultyeyemovements(includinginaccuracyinplacementofthepage,inreturnsweep,inrhythmandregularityofmovement,etc.);5.Regression(needlessorunconsciousre-reading)6.Faultyhabitsofattentionandconcentration(includingsimpleinattentionduringthereadingactandfaultyprocessesofretention)7.Lackofpracticeinreading--useitorloseit!8.Fearoflosingcomprehension,causingthepersontodeliberatelyreadmoreslowly;9.Habitualslowreading,inwhichthepersoncannotreadfasterbecauseheorshehasalwaysreadslowly;10.Poorevaluationofwhichaspectsareimportantandwhichareunimportant;11.Theefforttoremembereverythingratherthantorememberselectively.Sincetheseconditionsalsotendtoreducecomprehension,increasingthereadingratebyeliminatingthemislikelytoproduceincreasedcomprehension,too.Thisisentirely第3页共13页differentfromsimplyspeedinguptherateofreading--whichmayactuallymaketherealreadingproblemmoresevere.Inaddition,forcedaccelerationmaydestroyconfidenceinone'sabilitytoread.Theobvioussolution,then,istoincreaserateasapartofatotalimprovementofthewholereadingprocess,asspecialtrainingprogramsinreadingdo.BasicConditionsforIncreasingReadingRateAwell-plannedprogrampreparesformaximumincreaseinratebyestablishingthenecessaryconditions.Fourbasicconditionsinclude:1.Haveyoureyeschecked.Often,veryslowreadingisrelatedtouncorrectedeyedefects.Beforeembarkingonaspeedreadingprogram,makesurethatanycorrectableeyedefectsyoumayhavearetakencareof.2.Eliminatethehabitofpronouncingwordsasyouread.Ifyousoundoutwordsinyourthroatorwhisperthem,yourreadingrateisslowedconsiderably.Youshouldbeabletoreadmostmaterialsatleasttwoorthreetimesfastersilentlythanorally,becauseyoucangetmeaningfromphraseswithoutreadingeachwordindividually.Ifyouareawareofsoundingor"hearing"wordsasyouread,trytoconcentrateonkeywordsandmeaningfulideasasyouforceyourselftoreadfaster.第4页共13页3.Avoidregressing(rereading).Theaveragestudentreadingat250wordsperminuteregressesorrereadsabout20timesperpage.Rereadingwordsandphrasesisahabitwhichwillslowyourreadingspeeddowntoasnail'space.Usually,itisunnecessarytorereadwords,fortheideasyouwantareexplainedandelaboratedmorefullylater.Furthermore,theslowestreaderusuallyregressesmostfrequently.Becausehereadsslowly,hismindhastimetowanderandhisrereadingreflectsbothhisinabilitytoconcentrateandhislackofconfidenceinhiscomprehensionskills.4.Developawidereye-span.Thiswillhelpyoureadmorethanonewordataglance.Sincewrittenmaterialislessmeaningfulifreadwordbyword,thiswillhelpyoulearntoreadbyphrasesorthoughtunits.RateAdjustmentPoorresultsareinevitableifthereaderattemptstousethesamerateforalltypesofmaterialandforallreadingpurposes.Hemustlearntoadjusthisratetohispurposeinreadingandtothedifficultyofthematerial.Thefastestrateworksoneasy,familiar,interestingmaterialorinreadingtogatherinformationonaparticularpoint;Aslowerrateisbetterformaterialwhichisunfamiliarincontentandlanguage第5页共13页structureorwhichmustbethoroughlydigested.Theeffectivereaderadjustshisratertheineffectivereaderalwaysusesthesame.Ratemaybeadjustedoverallforanentirearticle,orinternallyforpartsofanarticle.Asananalogy,imaginethatyouplantotakea100-milemountaintrip.Sincethistripwillincludehills,curves,andamountainpass,youestimateitwilltakethreehoursforthetotaltrip,averagingabout35milesanhour.Thisisyouroverallrateadjustment.Inactualdriving,however,youmayslowdowntonomorethan15milesperhouronsomecurvesandhills,whilespeedingupto50milesperhourormoreonrelativelystraightandlevelsections.Thisisyourinternalrateadjustment.Similarly,thereisnosetratewhichthegoodreaderfollowsinflexiblyinreadingaparticularselection,eventhoughhehassethimselfanoverallrateforthetotaljob.Readingrateshouldvaryaccordingtoyourreadingpurpose.Tounderstandinformation,forexample,skimorscanatarapidrate.Todeterminethevalueofmaterialortoreadforenjoyment,readrapidlyorslowlyaccordingtoyourfeeling.Toreadanalytically,readatamoderatepacetopermityoutointerrelatedideas.第6页共13页Thenatureanddifficultyofthematerialalsocallsforadjustmentsinrate.Obviously,levelofdifficultydependsgreatlyontheparticularreader'sknowledge.WhileEinstein'stheoriesmaybeextremelydifficultformostlaymen,theywouldbeverysimpleandcleartoaprofessorofphysics.Hence,thelaymanandthephysicsprofessorwillreadthesamematerialatdifferentrates.Generally,difficultmaterialwillentailaslowerratersimplermaterialwillpermitafasterrate.Ingeneral,decreasespeedwhenyoufindthefollowing:1.Unfamiliarterminology.Trytounderstanditincontextatthatpoint;otherwise,readonandreturntoitlater.2.Difficultsentenceandparagraphstructure.Slowdownenoughtoenableyoutountanglethemandgetaccuratecontextforthepassage.3.Unfamiliarorabstractconcepts.Lookforapplicationsorexamplesofyourownaswellasstudyingthoseofthewriter.Takeenoughtimetogetthemclearlyinmind.4.Detailed,technicalmaterial.Thisincludescomplicateddirections,statementsofdifficultprinciples,andmaterialsonwhichyouhavescantbackground.5.Materialonwhichyouwantdetailedretention.Ingeneral,Increasespeedwhenyoumeetthefollowing:第7页共13页1.Simplematerialwithfewideaswhicharenewtoyou.Moverapidlyoverthefamiliarones;spendmostofyourtimeontheunfamiliarideas.2.Unnecessaryexamplesandillustrations.Sincetheseareincludedtoclarifyideas,moveoverthemrapidlywhentheyarenotneeded.3.Detailedexplanationandideaelaborationwhichyoudonotneed.4.Broad,generalizedideasandideaswhicharerestatementsofpreviousones.Thesecanbereadilygrasped,evenwithscantechniques.1.Apersonwithagoodreadingspeedusuallyreadsbetween250and350wordsperminuteonfictionandnon-technicalmaterials.2.Ifoneattemptstoremembereverythingratherthantorememberselectivelyduringreading,he/shemayhaveacomparativelyslowreadingrate.3.Thewriterproposestousethesamerateforalltypesofmaterialandforallreadingpurposes.4.Knowledgeablepeoplereadfaster.5.Ifonehasthedesiretoimprovehisthemotivationtopracticeand,hemayimprovehisreadingspeed.第8页共13页6.Apreconditionforareadertolearntoreadrapidlyandwellisthathemusthavethenecessary______.7.Differentfromwhatmostpeopleexpect,theresearchshowsthatanincreaseinreadingratemayleadto______.8.Toavoiddestroyingconfidenceinone'sabilitytoread,oneshouldspeeduptherateofreadingasapartof______.9.Rereadingofaslowreaderreflectsbothhis______andhislackofconfidenceinhiscomprehensionskills.10.Aneffectivereaderusuallyadjustshisratetohispurposeinreadingandtothedifficultyofthematerialwhileanineffectivereaderalways______.答案：1.N2.Y3.N4.NG5.thewillingnesstotrynewtechniques6.vocabularyandcomprehensionskills7.anincreaseincomprehension8.atotalimprovementofthewholereadingprocess9.inabilitytoconcentrate10.usesthesamereadingrate答案解析：ofReadingaveragecollegestudentreadsbetween250and350wordsperminuteon第9页共13页fictionandnon-technicalreadingspeedisaround500to700wordspersomepeoplecanread1000wordsperminuteormoreonthesematerials.”可见阅读速度快的人，每分钟可阅读500到700词。故此句判断为NO。2.由“FactorsthatReduceReading11点“Theefforttoremembereverythingratherthantoremember速度。故此句判断为YES。3.由“RateAdjustment”部分第一句“Poorresultsareinevitableifthereaderattemptstousethesamerateforalltypesofmaterialandforallreadingpurposes.”可知如果无同类型的材料，应对不同的阅读目的。故此句判断4.文章只在“RateAdjustment”部分提到阅读者的知识问题。natureanddifficultyofthematerialalsocallsforadjustmentsinrate.Obviously，levelofdifficultydependsgreatlyontheparticularreader's的阅读。但是否一定“有知识的人阅读速度快”，作者并没有明确指出。故此句判断为NOT第10页共13页5.由“ImprovementofReadingarethreemainfactorsinvolvedinimprovingreadingspeed;(1)thedesiretowillingnesstotrynewtechniquesand(3)themotivationtopractice.”可知要提高阅行训练的动机。故本题的正确答案为“thewillingnesstotrynewtechniques”。6.由“ImprovementofReadingRate”部分第四段第一句“Learningtoreadrapidlyandwellpresupposesthatyouhavethenecessaryvocabularyandcomprehension题答案为“vocabularyandcomprehension7.由“TheRoleofSpeedintheReading段“Researchshowsacloserelationbetweenspeedandunderstanding—althoughitistheoppositeofwhatyoumightexpect!Amongthousandsofindividualstakingreadingtraining，inmostcasesanincreaseinratewasaccompaniedbyanincreaseincomprehensionandadecreaseinratebroughtdecrea