高中英语定语从句讲解及练习较全面

合用文档高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句平时出现在先行词此后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。18.1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所取代的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who,whom,that这些词取代的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。比方：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以够同ofwhich互换）。比方：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.3）which,that所取代的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。比方：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.18.2关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可取代的先行词是时间、地址或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于\"介词+which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+which\"结构交替使用。比方：Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhichh）onemustyield.Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhichh）Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhichh）herefusedouroffer?2）that取代关系副词，能够用于表示时间、地址、方式、原因的名词后取代when,where,why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。比方：Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn.Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.18.3判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完好取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后边无宾语，就必定要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。比方：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断改错：（）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.（）I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地址或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：正确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone文案大全合用文档18.4限制性和非限制性定从句1）定从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定从句是先行不能缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思常常不明确；非限制性定从句是先行的附加明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之平时用逗号分开。比方：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.2）当先行是有名或物主代和指示代所修，此后的定从句平时是非限制性的。比方：CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.3）非限制性定从句能将整个主句作先行,其行修,从句要用第三人称数。比方：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.明：关系代that和关系副why不能够引非限制性定从句。18.5介+关系1）介后边的关系不能够省略。2）that前不能够有介。3）某些在从句中充当，地址或原因状的\"介+关系\"构能够同关系副when和where互。比方ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?urclub?18.6as,which非限制性定从句由as,which引的非限制性定从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。比方：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone\'shealth.如我所知，吸烟有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，我人很重要。典型例1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.itas和which在引非限制性定从句，两个关系代都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定从句中都能够作主和。但不相同之主要有两点：（1）as引的定从句可置于句首，而which不能。（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主，从句中的必是系；若行，从句中的关系代只能用which.。在本中，prevent由于是行，因此正确B。as的用法例1.thesame⋯as；such⋯as中的as是一种固定构,和⋯⋯一⋯⋯。比方：Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe（has）.例2.as可引非限制性从句，常有\'正如\'。比方：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone\'shealth.。Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone\'shealth.As是关系代。例1中的as作know的；例2中，它充当从句的主，know要用被式。文案大全合用文档18.9关系代词that的用法1）不用that的情况a）引导非限制性定语从句时。比方：（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b）介词后不能够用。比方：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。b）在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which.c）先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高等时，只用that。.e）先行词既有人，又有物时。比方：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.二、关于非限制性定语从句1.引导限制性定语从句时，关系代词which能够与that互换；但引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。例1Sheheardaterriblenoise,______frightenedher.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who例2Sheheardaterriblenoise______frightenedher.A.thatB./C.whatD.who剖析：例1意为：“她听到一个可怕的声音，这使她感觉害怕。”that不能够用于引导非限制性定语从句，应选B。例2意为：“她听到了一个使她害怕的可怕声音。”引导修饰noise的限制性定语从句能够用which或that来引导,应选A。2.先行词为reason时，限制性定语能够用why或forwhich来引导；非限制性定语从句则只能用forwhich来引导。例3Ihadtoldthemthereason,______Ididn’tattendthemeeting.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.forwhomD.why例4Ihadtoldthemthereason______Ididn’tattendthemeeting.A.whenB.whichC.whyD.forthat剖析：例3意为：“我早已把原因告诉他们，于是我没有出席会议。”先行词为reason时，非限制性定语从句应用forwhich引导，应选A。例4意为：“我已经把为什么没有出席会议的原因告诉他们。”thereasonwhy...是常有搭配，答案为C。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中担当宾语时能够被省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词即使作宾语也不能够省略。例5Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother,______helovedandrespectedashisownmother.A.asB.whichC./D.whom剖析：本句意为：“他急于去医院看望他的继母，他像对待亲生母亲相同孝敬她。”关系代词whom引导非限制性定语从句并作宾语，不能够被省略，应选D。4．引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词whom能够用who来取代；但在非限制性定语从句中，whom就不能够用who取代。例6DoyouknowTom,_____wetalkedabout?文案大全合用文档A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who例7TheAmericanjournalist______theannouncermentionedinthenewsbroadcastissaidtohavebeenkilledbythegangsters.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./剖析：例6意为：“你认识汤姆吗?我们谈到过他。”应选C。例7意为：“播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者听闻已遭歹徒杀戮。以下哪一项为哪一项错误的？”关系代词作mentioned的宾语且指人时，可用who/whom/that，在限制性定语从句中可省略，故C是错的。5．当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，其关系代词只能用as，不能够用which。此时非限制性定语从句可置于主句从前、此后或之中。例8______Iexpected,hedidn’tbelieveme.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.When剖析：本句意为：“正如我所猜想的那样，他不相信我的话。”非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句，应用as引导，故答案为B。例9Marywaslateforschool,______oftenhappened.A.asB.forwhichC.thatD.why剖析：本句意为：“玛丽上学迟到了，这是常有的事。”依照句意，关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面的主句，其地址特别灵便，故答案为A。6.由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个主句时，不能够用as，只能用which。例10Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,______hisfatherwasangry.A.aboutthatB.withasC.whenD.withwhich剖析：本句意为：“他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。”which位于介词with的后边，指代前面的主句，故答案为D。三、关于“介词+关系代词”由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体中，这儿的关系代词主若是which和whom，介词的采纳要依照句意或一些固定搭配来确定。“介词+关系代词”(关系代词一般指的是which/whom)引导的定语从句，有以下几种情况:1.“介词+which”在定语从句中作时间?地址?原因状语，相当于关系副词。如:(1)Thisisthereasonforwhich(=why)heleftthecompany.这就是他走开公司的原因。(2)Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)hewentthere.他永远忘不了去那处的那一天。(3)Isthiscompanytheoneinwhich(=where)youworkedhalfayearago?2.“介词+which/whom”在定语从句中作目的?方式状语。如:(1)Canyoutellmeforwhomyouareworking?你能告诉我你现在为谁工作吗?(2)Thereisabigholeonthewallthroughwhichhecanseewhat’shappeninginside.(3)Thetrainbywhichheistravellingisarriving.他乘坐的那辆火车就要到了。(4)Inthedarkstreet，therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp在.漆黑的街上，没有一个人她能够求助。3.“不定代词?数词或名词+ofwhich/whom在”定语从句中充当主语。如:(1)Therearesixtystudentsinourclass，allofwhomareworkinghard.(2)Hepaidtheboytenyuanforcleaningthewindows，mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.“形容词最高等+介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当主语。如:(1)Therearesixtystudentsintheclass，thetallestofwhomisLiMing.文案大全合用文档(2)Therearesevencontinentsintheworld，thelargestofwhichisAsia.全球有七大洲，最大的是亚洲。5.“the+n.+of+which引导”的定语从句，相当于whose引导的定语从句。如:(1)Wetookaphotoofarocket，thelengthofwhichwasabout30meters.=Wetookaphotoofarocket，whoselengthwasabout30meters.我们给火箭拍了照，火箭大体长30米。(2)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.=RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase，whosepricewasveryreasonable.近来我买了一其中国古代花瓶，价格特别合理。6.“介词+whose”修饰后边的名词。如:HeistheverymaninwhosepocketIfoundmylostmoney.他就是那个我在他的口袋里找出我抛弃的钱的人。7.“介词+which+不定式”此结构相当于一个简化了的定语从句。如:(1)Hefoundsomethingaboutwhichtowrite(=hecouldwrite).他发现有些事是能够写的。(2)Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.这个穷人没有房子住。8.介词的采纳要依照句意或一些固定搭配决定。其中的介词能够是in，on，about，from，for，with，at，of，without，to。如:(1)Galiliabuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudythesky.伽利略建起了望远镜，经过望远镜他能够研究天空。(2)TheclothofwhichthiscoatismadeisproducedinShanghai.这件外套的布料是由上海制造的。(3)Hewrotemanyarticlesinwhichheexpressedhisloveforhismotherland.他写了好多文章，在文章中他表达了对祖国的热爱。但有些含介词的短语动词一般不能够翻开，介词仍放在动词的后边。如:listento，dependon，takecareof，payattentionto，lookat等。Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.这就是那个她照顾的特别好的男孩。Thatisaproblemweshouldpaycloseattentionto.这是一个我们应该亲近关注的问题。练习：inChina，thespringfestivalisagoodholidaywhenfamilymembersgettogether①句是由___引导的___定语从句，先行词为___.可译为：在中国，春节是一个家人聚会的浩大节日theoldcouplehasasonwhoworksinabigcompany②句是由__引导的____定语从句,先行词为___，此处，who能够用that取代。可译为：这对老夫妇有一个在大公司工作的儿子。theoldcouplehasason，whoworksinabigcompany③句是由__引导的____定语从句,先行词为___，此处，who能够用that取代。可译为：这对老夫妇有儿子，他是在一家大公司工作iprefertobuythehousewhichhasabigstudy。④句是由___引导的___定语从句，先行词___，此处which可取代为___。可译为：我宁愿买哪套带一间大书斋的房子。iprefertobuythehouse，whichhasabigstudy。⑤句是由___引导的___定语从句，先行词___，此处which不能够用that取代。可译为：我想买那套房子，它有一个大书斋⑥theboyisoftensleepyinclass，whichmakestheteachersurprised。⑥句是由___引导的___定语从句，其中which指代____。⑦binladenwaskilled，asisknowntotheworld文案大全合用文档⑦句是由___引导的___定语从句，as指代___⑧asisknowntotheworld，binleadenwaskilled。⑧句是由___引导的___定语从句，as指代___,地址可放在____。⑥⑦⑧句中，which，as均不能够用that取代1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.文案大全合用文档A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;thatIshallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.文案大全合用文档A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen真题复现1.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess全国卷.(NMET2004一)A.orwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich2.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths，____thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich3.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendsassomebody____theycantalkfrequently.(2004上海)A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom4.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear，____80%aresoldabroad.(2004辽宁)A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat5.Therearetwobuildings，____standsnearlyahundredfeetheight.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich6.Isthisthehouse____Shakespearwasborn?(MET1998)A.atwhereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich7.Thereisamountain____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.itsD.whose8.Inmyapartmenttherearetworooms，____isusedasalivingroom.A.alargeroneB.thelargerofwhichC.thelargestoneD.thelargestofwhich9.Thegirl____Ispokeismysister.A.aboutwhichB.onwhomC.towhoD.towhom10.Therearemorethanfivehundredstudentsinourcollege，____areboys.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhomC.mostofthatD.whosemost参照答案及剖析1.A.which用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语.2.C."和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo..whom是关系代词,作介词to的宾语,能够省略.文案大全合用文档3.D.where是关系副,表示地址,在定从句中作地址状.4.C.when是关系副,表示,在定从句中作状.5.A.which是关系代,在从句中作forget的.其他几个答案都不能够作.6.C.剖析同第5.7.A.剖析第3.8.A.本句的先行是films,因此,关系代that是数看法,其用复述的被havebeenshown.若是句中的one前面使用了定冠the,theone先行.9.A.“到某事物”talkaboutsth..about是介,此后要用which作,不能够用that.10.A.withwhich是"介+关系代"构,常用来引定从句.with有"用"的意思,介此后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定从句中作状,即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状.D.withwhom引定从句.withwhom放在从句中即:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.D.whose引定从句,在从句中作主family的定.14.A.that引定从句,因先行是all,因此只能用that引.D.thesame⋯⋯..as是固定用法,as引定从句,能够作主,或表.在本句中,as作从句的主.D.such⋯⋯⋯是as固定用法,as引定从句,能够作主,或表.在本中,as作表.17.B.as作关系代能够独用来引非限制性定从句.as所指代的不是主句中某个名,而常常指代整个主句的含.as在从句中能够作主、.从句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前.在本句中,as作.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定从句.withwhom放在从句中:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引定从句平时构成such⋯as或thesame⋯as固定搭配,其中such和same修此后的名,as关系代,指代其前的名引定从句.as在从句中能够作主、表或.Such修数名,要用sucha⋯⋯..本,中suchbooks,such直接修复数名.20.B.things和persons是先行.当定从句要修的先行是既表示人,又表示物的名,其关系代要用that.21.D.who引非限制性定从句,who作从句的主.22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行person后有两个定从句,第一个从句省略了关系代whom.因,whom作从句中met的,能够省略.第二个从句whocoulddoit.who在从句中作主,不能省略.24.A.whosetitle引非限制性定从句,whosetitle也能够成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引定从句,使用介for,是来自于从句中的固定短befamousfor"以⋯⋯..而名".26.C.当先行被such修,引定从句的关系代要用as.As在本从句中作主.27.A.两个先行theday