呼吸系统解剖学医学

呼吸系统解剖学医学2021/1/122Constituents:RespiratorytractLungsGeneralDescriptionFunction:GasexchangePleuraandpluralcavityMediastinum2021/1/123UpperrespiratorytractNasalpassagePharynxLarynxRespiratorytractLowerrespiratorytractTracheaBronchi2021/1/1241.ExternalnoseNasalpassage2.Nasalcavitynasalvestibule(鼻前庭〕propernasalcavity(固有鼻腔〕nasalseptum〔鼻中隔〕lateralwallofnasalcavity3.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus〔额窦〕ethmoidalsinus〔筛窦〕sphenoidalsinus〔蝶窦〕maxillarysinus〔上颌窦〕2021/1/125Back1.Externalnose鼻骨额骨上颌骨鼻侧软骨中隔软骨鼻翼软骨2021/1/1262.Nasalcavity鼻后孔鼻前庭鼻中隔Nasallimen鼻阈鼻咽LateralwallSeptum固有鼻腔固有鼻腔2021/1/127Thenasalseptum〔鼻中隔〕ThelongitudinalplateofethmoidboneThecartilageofnasalseptumThevomer筛骨垂直板鼻中隔软骨犁骨2.NasalcavityLittleregion2021/1/1282.NasalcavityLateralwallNasalconchae(鼻甲)Nasalmeatus(鼻道)Sphenoethmoidalrecess (蝶筛隐窝)蝶筛隐窝上鼻甲中鼻甲下鼻甲下鼻道中鼻道上鼻道2021/1/1292.NasalcavityLateralwall1.Semilunarhiatus半月裂孔2.Ethmoidalinfundibulum筛漏斗3.Ethmoidalbulla筛泡4.Nasolacrimalcanal鼻泪管2021/1/12103.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus〔额窦〕ethmoidalsinus〔筛窦〕sphenoidalsinus〔蝶窦〕maxillarysinus〔上颌窦〕额窦额窦额窦筛窦蝶窦上颌窦上颌窦筛窦2021/1/1211Theopeningsoftheparanasalsinusesfrontalfrontalethmodialsphenoidalmaxillary3.ParanasalSinuses2021/1/1212ThebiologicalrolesoftheparanasalsinusesDecreasingtherelativeweightofthefrontoftheskullIncreasingresonanceofthevoiceProvidingabufferagainstblowstothefaceInsulatingsensitivestructureslikedentalrootsandeyesfromrapidtemperaturefluctuationsinthenasalcavity.Humidifyingandheatingofinhaledair2021/1/1213OlfactoryandrespiratoryregionNasalmucousmembrane:olfactoryregionrespiratoryregion2021/1/1214Position:attheanteriorpartoftheneck from3~6cervicalvertebrae.Functions:respirationandphonationLarynx2021/1/1215LarynxlaryngealCartilages:thyroidcartilage(甲状软骨)cricoidcartilage〔环状软骨〕epiglotticcartilage〔会厌软骨〕arytenoidcartilage(paired)〔杓状软骨〕2021/1/1216AnteriorviewposteriorviewThyroidcartilageinf.cornu下角laminaanteriorangle前角Laryngealprominence喉结Laminaeofthyroidcartilage甲状软骨板sup.cornu上角sup.thyroidnotch上切迹LaryngealCartilages舌骨大角环状软骨2021/1/1217AnteriorviewposteriorviewArytenoidcartilagesandcricoidcartilageCricoidarchCricoidlaminaMuscularprocessVocalprocessVocalprocess杓状软骨环状软骨LaryngealCartilages2021/1/1218EpiglotticcartilageAnteriorviewposteriorview会厌软骨LaryngealCartilages甲状会厌韧带2021/1/1219RolesoflaryngealCartilagesPreventsentryoffoodandliquidsintorespiratorytract Duringswallowing: thelarynxiselevated theepiglottisfoldsbackoverglottisTheframeworkofthelarynx2021/1/1220舌骨膜2,弹性圆锥4.环甲关节声韧带前庭韧带LaryngealArticulation1.thyrohyoidmembrane甲状舌骨膜:2.conuselasticus弹性圆锥:上缘游离形成声韧带3.quadrangularmembrane方形膜:下缘游离成前庭韧带4.cricothyroidjoint环甲关节:甲状软骨在冠状轴作前倾复位5.cricoarytenoidjoints环杓关节:杓状软骨沿垂直轴向内,外侧旋转2,环甲正中韧带2021/1/12211.Posteriorcricoarytenoid环杓后肌 声门裂开大，声带紧张2.Transversearytenoid杓横肌3.Obliquearytenoid杓斜肌4.Lateralcricoarytenoid环杓侧肌 缩小/关闭喉口5.Cricothyroid环甲肌(外群喉肌)1.Posteriorcricoarytenoid环杓后肌 拉长、紧张声带6.Thyroarytenoid甲杓肌 松弛、缩短声带Laryngealmuscles1234652021/1/1222LaryngealcavityAdituslaryngis(喉口)2folds—vestibularfold(前庭襞)vocalfold(声襞)2fissures—vestibularfissure(前庭裂)fissureofglottis(声门裂)3parts—laryngealvestibuleintermediatecavityoflarynxinfraglotticcavity会厌杓会厌襞杓间切迹前庭襞声襞