2013年职称英语等级考试真题理工类

2013年英语等级考试（理工类B级1部分：词汇选项（1～15115分11个意义最为接1．Therewassomethingpeculiarinthewayhe 2．IhavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessfortheShecameacrossthreechildrensleeunderafoundbychanceB．passedbyC．tookanoticeofD．wokeTherulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumaneItseemsincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekShegetsaggressivewhensheisRumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialAsapolitician,heknowshowtomanipulatepublicTheseanimalsmigratesouthannuallyinsearchofHewastemptedbythehighsalaryofferedby ThewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaofMakesurethetableissecurelyComeout,orI’llbustthedoorThecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpireHepaused,waitingforhertodigestthe2部分：阅读判断（16～2217分WideWorldofEngineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobsTheseresearcherstinker（修补）withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices."They'rethebesttoysoutthere,"saysHowieChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisarobotics,awhodesigns,buildsorprogramsWhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuilt similartosmallcars.Hotocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhetograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset'slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremo ycontrolledcars:roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist（）inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain（地形）Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,"Chosetconcluded.AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebegandevelotheirownsnakerobots.Choset'steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes,suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsalsomovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon't,suchasrollingChoset'ssnakerobotscouldcrawl爬行）（throughthegrassswiminapondandevenclimbaflagpole.ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient'schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoperationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati,aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool,toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonasticmodelofthechestandthentestedtherobotinpigs. calledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologyforsurgeriesonEvenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam'screations,"Istilldon'tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,"Chosetsays.Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.A．RightB．WrongC．NotmentionedSnakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfourdirections.A．RightB．WrongC．NotmentionedChosetdidn'tbegindevelohisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon.A．RightB．WrongC．NotmentionedChoset'ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothersdeveloped.A．RightB．WrongC．NotmentionedTheapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgerieslesstime-consuming.A．RightB．WrongC．NotmentionedZenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitinpigs.A．RightB．WrongC．NotmentionedTherobotictechnologyforsurgeriesonpeoplehasbroughtahandsomeprofitto3部分：概括大意与完成句子（23～3018分2项测试任务：（1）23~2661个最佳标题；（2）27~306个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选BlackBlackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginScientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthe ,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoaslar-mass恒星质量）（blackholewhichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendsupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarth eablackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch!Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreak .Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup（吞噬）objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesunto eablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayince.Orbitsdonotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanaSofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulyexist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnearlyimpossibletodetectblackholesviaa escope.Butastronomerscontinuetostudygalaxies,spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholesmightevolve.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillionsofyears,andlatercontributetoabiggerprocessingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgalaxiesbegantoform.ParagraphParagraphParagraphParagraph

IsthereproofthatblackholesreallyWhataredifferenttypesofblackHowareblackholesHowwereblackholesWhathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackWhatareblackholesmadeBlackholesareformed Whenalargestarexplodes,thegravitycompactseverypiece 29．Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof 30．AlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove thecreationofnewanexplosionofhugethetiniestthesameamountoftheexistenceofblackF．afractionofan4部分：阅读理解（31～45345分下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 EnergyandPublicLandsTheUnitedStatesboastssubstantialenergyresources.FederallandsprovideagooddealofU.S.energyproduction;theU.S.DepartmentoftheInteriormanagesfederalenergyleasing,bothonlandandontheoffshoreOuterContinentalShelf.Productionfromthesesourcesamountstonearly30percentoftotalannualU.S.energyproduction.In2000,32percentofU.S.oil,35percentofnaturalgas,and37percentofcoalwereproducedfromfederallands,representing20,000producingoilandgasleasesand135producingcoalleases.Federallandsarealsoestimatedtocontainapproxima y68percentofallundiscoveredU.S.oilreservesand74percentofundiscoverednaturalRevenuesfromfederaloil,gas,andcoalleasingprovidesignificantreturnstoU.S.taxpayersaswellasState ernments.In1999,forexample,$553millioninoilandgasrevenueswerepaidtotheU.S.Treasury,andnon- ncoalleasesaccountedforover$304millioninrevenues,ofwhich50percentwerepaidtoState ernments.Publiclandsalsoyacriticalroleinenergydelivery.Eachyear,federallandmanagersauthorizerightsofwayfortransmissionlines,railsystems,pipelines,andotherfacilitiesrelatedtoenergyproductionanduse.Alternativeenergyproductionfromfederallandslagsbehindconventionalenergyproduction,thoughtheamountisstillsignificant.Forexample,federalgeothermalresourcesproduceabout7.5billionkilowatt-hoursofelectricityperyear,47percentofallelectricitygeneratedfromU.S.geothermalenergy.Thereare2,960windturbinesonpubliclandsinCaliforniaalone,producingelectricityforabout300,000people.Federalhydropowerfacilitiesproduceabout17percentofallhydropowerproducedintheUnitedStates.BecauseofthegrowingU.S.thirstforenergyandincreasingpublicuneasewithdependenceonforeignoilsources,pressureonthepubliclandstomeetU.S.energydemandsisintensifying.Publiclandsareavailableforenergydevelopmentonlyaftertheyhavebeenevaluatedthroughthelandusenningprocess.Ifdevelopmentofenergyresources swithmanagementoruseofotherresources,developmentrestrictionsorimpactmitigationmeasuresmaybeimposed,ormineralproductionmaybebannedaltogether.WhatisthemainideaofthisPubliclandsareoneofthemainsourcesofPubliclandsyanimportantroleinenergyPubliclandsshouldbedevelopedtoeaseenergyPubliclandsstorehugeenergyresourcesforfurtherWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofpubliclandsintheThemajorityofundiscoverednaturalgasisstoredHalfofU.S.energyisproducedMostofcoalwasproducedfromthereinMostenergyresources Geothermalresources,windturbines,andhydropowerfacilitiesinParagraph4arecitedasexamplestoillustratethattheamountofalternativeenergyproductionfrompubliclandsishuge.B．alternativeenergyproductionisnolessthanconventionalenergyproduction.C．theyarethemosttypicalconventionalenergyresourcesfrompubliclands.D．geothermalresourcesaremoreimportantthantheothertwo.ThereisamountingpressureonpubliclandstosatisfyUSenergydemandstheUSisdemandingmoreandmoremanyAmericansareunhappywithenergydevelopmentinforeignquiteafewpubliclandsarebannedforenergymanyAmericansthinkpubliclandsarebeingPubliclandscanbeusedforenergydevelopmentenergydevelopmentrestrictionsarefederallandmanagersgranttheygothroughthelandusenningthereisenoughfederal ntstoUsingthepowerofthesunisnothingnew.Peoplehavehadsolar-poweredcalculatorsandbuildingswithsolarpanelsfordecades.Butntsaretherealexperts:They'vebeenusingsunlightasanenergysourceforbillionsofCellsinthegreenleavesofntsworkliketinyfactoriestoconvertsunlight,carbondioxide,andwaterintosugarsandstarches,storedenergythatthentscanuse.Thisconversionprocessiscalledphotosynthesis.Unfortunay,unlessyou'reant,it'sdifficultandexpensivetoconvertsunlightintostorableenergy.That'swhyscientistsaretakingacloserlookatexactlyhowntsdoit.Somescientistsaretryingtogetnts,orbiologicalcellsthatactlikents,toworkasminiaturephotosyntheticpowerstations.Forexample,MariaGhirardioftheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryinGolden,Colo.,isworkingwithgreenalgae.She'stryingtotrickthemintoproducinghydrogeninsteadofsugarswhentheyperformphotosynthesis.Oncetheresearcherscangetthealgaeworkingefficiently,thehydrogenthattheyproducecouldbeusedtopowerfuelcellsincarsortogenerateelectricity.Thealgaearegrowninnarrow-neckedglassbottlestoproducehydrogeninthelab.Duringphotosynthesis,ntsnormallymakesugarsorstarches."Butundercertainconditions,alotofalgaeareabletousethesunlightenergynottostorestarch,buttomakehydrogen."Ghirardisays.Forexample,algaewillproducehydrogeninanair environment.It'stheoxygenintheairthatpreventsalgaefrommakinghydrogenmostofthetime.Workinginanair environment,however,isdifficult.It'snotapracticalwaytoproducecheapenergy.ButGhirardiandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatbyremovingachemicalcalledsulfatefromtheenvironmentthatthealgaegrowin,theywillmakehydrogeninsteadofsugars,evenwhenairispresent.Unfortunay,removingthesulfatealsomakesthealgae'scellsworkveryslowly,andnotmuchhydrogenisproduced.Still,theresearchersseethisasafirststepintheirgoaltoproducehydrogenefficientlyfromalgae.Withmorework,theymaybeabletospeedthecells'activityandproducelargertiesofTheresearchershopethatalgaewillonedaybeaneasy-to-usefuelsource.Theorganismsarecheaptogetandtofeed,Ghirardisays,andtheycangrowalmostanywhere:"Youcangrowtheminareactor,inapond.Youcangrowthemintheocean.There'salotofflexibilityinhowyoucanusetheseorganisms."HowdontsrelatetosolarTheyaretherealexpertsinproducingTheyhavebeenasourceofTheyhavebeenusedtoproduceTheyhavebeenusingitforbillionsofScientistsstudyhowphotosynthesisworksbecausetheywantimprovetheefficiencyofturnntsugarstoanewformofmakegreenntsanewsourceofgetmoresugarsandstarchesfromAlgaeareabletousesolarenergytoproducehydrogentheyaregrowninnarrow-neckedthereisenoughoxygenintheenoughstarchisthereisnooxygenintheResearchersfinditdifficulttomakealgaeproducehydrogenefficientlyremovingthesulfateslowsdownthehydrogenItishardtocreatean Itisexpensivetoremovethesulfatefromthethealgae’scellsworkslowlyifthereisnooxygenintheWhatdoesGhirardisayaboutalgae?A．Theygrowfasterinareactor.B．TheywillbentedC．TheyarecheaptoD．Theycanbeagoodenergy OntheTrailoftheHoneyOnarecentfieldtriptotheKalahariDesertateamofresearcherslearntalotmoreabouthoneybadgers（獾）.Theteamemployedalocalwildlifeexpert,KitsoKhama,tohelpthemlocateandfollowthebadgersacrossthedesert.Theirmainaimwastostudythebadgers’movementsandbehaviourasdiscreetly（谨慎地）aspossible,withoutfrighteningthemawayorcausingthemtochangetheirnaturalbehaviour.Theyalsonnedtotrapafewandstudythemcloseupbeforereleasingthem.Inviewoftheanimal’sreputation,thiswassomethingthatevenKhamawasreluctanttodo.“Theproblemwithhoneybadgersistheyarenaturallycuriousanimals,especiallywhentheyseesomethingnew,”hesays.“that,combinedwiththeirunpredictablenature,canbeadangerousmixture.Iftheysenseyouhavefood,forexample,theywon’tbeshyaboutcomingrightuptoyouforsomethingtoeat.They’reactuallyquitesociablecreaturesaroundhumans,butassoonastheyfeeltheymightbeindanger,theycan eextremelyvicious（凶恶的）Fortunaythisisrare,butitdoeshappen.”TheresearchconfirmedmanythingsthatwerealreadyknownAsexpected,honeybadgersateanycreaturestheycouldcatchandkill.Evenpoisonoussnakes,fearedandavoidedbymostotheranimals,werenotsafefromthem.Theresearchersweresurprised,however,bytheanimal’sfondnessforlocalmelons,probablybecauseoftheirhighwatercontent.Previouslyresearchersthoughtthattheanimalgotallofitsliquidrequirementsfromitsprey（猎物）Theteamalsolearntthatcontrarytopreviousresearchfindings,thebadgersoccasionallyformedloosefamilygroups.Theywerealsoabletoconfirmcertainresultsfrompreviousresearch,includingthefatthatfemalebadgersneversocializedwitheachother.Followingsomeofthemalebadgerswasachallenge,sincetheycancoverlargedistancesinashortspaceoftime.Somehuntingterritoriescovermorethan500squarekilometers.Althoughtheyseemhappytosharetheseterritorieswithothermales,thereareoccasionalfightsoveranimportantfoodsource,andmalebadgerscanbeasaggressivetowardseachotherastheyaretowardsotherAsthebadgersbecameaccustomedtothepresenceofpeople,itgavetheteamthechancetogetupclosetothemwithoutbeingthesubjectoftheanimal’scuriosity—ortheirsuddenaggression.Thebadgers’eatingpatterns,whichhadbeendisrupted,returnedtonormal.Italsoallowedtheteamtoobservemorecloselysomeoftheothercreaturesthatformworkingassociationswiththehoneybadger,astheseseemstoadoptthebadgers’relaxedattitudewhennearhumans.WhydidthewildlifeexpertsvisittheKalahariToobservehowhoneybadgersTofindwherehoneybadgersTocatchsomehoneybadgersforTofindoutwhyhoneybadgershaveabadWhatdoesKitsoKhamasayabouthoneyTheyshowinterestinthingstheyarenotfamiliarTheyarealwayslookingforTheydonotenjoy ItiscommonforthemtoattackWhatdidtheteamfindoutabouthoneyThereweresomecreaturestheydidnotTheymaygetsomeofthewatertheyneededfromTheywereafraidofpoisonousFemalebadgersdidnotmixwithmaleWhichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofmaleTheydon’trunveryTheydefendtheirterritoryfromotherTheyaremoreaggressivethanTheyhuntoveraverylargeWhathappenedwhenhoneybadgersgotusedtohumansaroundTheybecamelessaggressivetowardsotherTheylostinterestinTheystartedeatingOtheranimalsstartedworkingwith5部分：补全短文（46～50210分565个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurSugarcanewasonceawildgrassthatgrewinNewGuineaandwasusedbylocalpeopleforroofingtheirhousesandfencingtheirgardens.Graduallyadifferentvarietyevolvedwhichcontainedsucroseandwaschewedonforitssweettaste.Overtime,sugarcanebecameahighlyvaluablecommercialnt,grownthroughouttheworld. Sugarbecameavitalingredientinallkindsofthings,fromconfectionerytomedicine,and,asthedemandforsugargrew,theindustrybecamelargerandmoreprofitable. (47)Manycropswitheredanddied,despitegrowers’attemptstosavethem,andtherewerefearsthatthehealthofthentwouldcontinuetodeteriorate.Inthe1960s,scientistsworkinginBarbadoslookedforwaystomakethecommercialspeciesstrongerandmoreabletoresistdisease.Theyexperimentedwithbreedingprogrammes,mixinggenesfromthewildspeciesofsugarcane,whichtendstobetougher,withgenesfromthemoredelicate,commercialtype. (48)Thissugarcaneisnotyetreadytobesoldcommercially,butwhenthishappens,itisexpectedtobeincrediblyprofitablefortheindustry.(49)Brazil,whichproducesonequarteroftheworld'ssugar,hascoordinatedaninternationalprojectunderProfessorPauloArrudooftheUniversidadeEstaudualdeCampinasinSaoPaulo.Teamsofexpertshaveworkedwithhimtodiscovermoreaboutwhichpartsofthegeneticstructureofthentareimportantfortheproductionofsugaranditsoverallhealth.Despitealltheresearch,however,westilldonotfullyunderstandhowthegenesfunctioninsugarcane. (50)Thisgeneisparticularlyexcitingbecauseitmakesthentresistanttorust,adiseasewhichprobablyoriginatedin ,butisnowcapableofinfectingsugarcaneacrosstheworld.Scientistsbelievetheywilleventuallybeabletogrowantwhichcannotbedestroyedbyrust.Unfortunay,however,thentstarted eweakerandmorepronetoSugarcanewasnowmuchvigorousandthesupplyofsugaristhereforemoreOnemajorgenehasbeenidentifiedbyDrAngeliqueD'HontandherteaminMontpelier,Themajorityoftheworld'ssugarnowcomesfromthisparticularcommercialspecies.E．Sincethe1960s,scientistshavebeen ysingthemysteriesofthesugarcane'sgeneticcode.F．Eventually,acommercialntwasdevelopedwhichwas5percentsweeterthanbefore,butalsomuchstrongerandlesslikelytodiefromdisease.6部分：完形填空（51～65115分151 NeedsItsDyingThevulturesinquestionmaylookuglyandthreatening,butthesuddensharpdeclineinthreespeciesof ’svulturesisproducingalarmratherthancelebration,anditpresentstheworldwithanewkindofenvironmentalproblem.Thedramatic (51)invulturenumbersiscausingwidespreaddisruptiontopeoplelivinginthe (52)areasasthebirds.Itisalsocausingseriouspublichealthproblems (53)the nsub-continent.Whiletheirreputationandappearancemaybeunpleasantto ns,vultures(54)yedaveryimportantrolein townsandvillagesall(55).Itisbecausetheyfeedondeadcows.In ,cowsaresacredanimalsandare leftintheopenwhentheydieintheirthousandsuponthousandseveryyear.Thedisappearanceofthevultureshas (57)anexplosioninthenumbersofwilddogsfeedingontheremainsofthese (58)animals.Therearefearsthatrabiesmayincreaseasaresult.Andthisterrifyingdiseasemayultimayaffecthumansintheregion, (59)wilddogsareitsmaincarriers.Rabiescouldalsospreadtootheranimalspecies, (60)anevengreaterprobleminthefuture.Theneedforactionis (61),soanemergencyprojecthasbeenlaunchedtofindasolutiontothisseriousvultureproblem.Scientistsaretryingto (62)thediseasecausingthebirds’deathsand,ifpossible,developacure.Large-scalevulture (63)werefirstnoticedattheendofthe1980sin .Apopulationsurveyatthattimeshowedthatthethreespeciesofvultureshaddeclined over90percent.Allthreespeciesarenowlistedas“criticallyendangered”.Asmostvultureslayonlysingleeggsand (65)aboutfiveyearstoreachmaturity,reversingtheirpopulationdeclinewillbealonganddifficultexercise.57．A．actedasB．ledtoC．comefromD．sloweddown2013年英语等级考试参考答案（理工类B级1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；31～45345分；46～50210分；51～65115分。试卷满分：100分。2013年英语等级考试参考答案及解析（理工类B级1他笑的方式有些奇怪。peculiarstrange关于她是否适合这个职位，我知之甚少。asregards她偶然碰到三个小孩睡在桥下。comeacrossfoundbychance也是偶然发现的意思。这些规定太死板，不允许人犯错误。rigid严格的，死板的，inflexible也是顽固的，不知变他去那已经一周了，这看起来有些让人难以置信。incredibleunbelievable意思是令人难关于他经济问题的开始。circulate和

作为一个，他知道如何控制影响公众意见。manipulate意思是，控制，影响。这句话的意思是知道如何对公众的意见施加影响，因此答案选择他被这家公司开出的高薪所吸引。tempt吸引，的意思。所以这题选attract(吸引)这个得谨慎看管这一带城镇。wary谨慎的，机警的。cautious谨慎的，十分的确保桌子被牢固地固定。anchorfix快出来，不然我破门而入。bustdown/breakdown两公司之间的合同很快会终结。expireend216．A题意：Choset文章第二段最后一句话Later,inhighschool,hebuilt robotssimilartosmallcars，由此可判断题干叙述正确。故本题选A。17．B题意：roboticsnakes由第三段可以知道，Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist()inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain(地形)。从这句话可以知道，moveinonlyfourdirections指的是一些的机器人汽车，而roboticsnakes是可以twist()inmanydirections的，所以题干表述错误，故本题选B。18．A题意：ChosetCarnegieMellonsnakerobotsAfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellonChosetandhiscolleaguestherebegandevelotheirownsnakerobots.根据这个句子可以判断题干意思正确。故选A。19．C题意：Choset的snakerobots比其他人研究的snakerobots运动方向Therobotsmovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon't,suchasrolling.Choset'ssnakerobotscouldcrawl爬行throughthegrassswiminapondandevenclimbaflagpole.Choset的机器蛇能够比真的蛇运动的方式，比如rolling，但是并没有跟其他人研究的机器蛇进行比较，所以答案选C。20．Csnakerobots第五段Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient'schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.这句话的意思是心脏手术开Chosetsnakerobots21．B题意：Zenati文章第六段Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonasticmodelofthechestandthentestedthe22．CMedrobotics323．C文章第一段讲了黑洞形成是由于巨星（blackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.），然后又说明了巨星是如何的，所以第一段讲的就是黑洞是如何形成的，C项Howareblackholesformed(天然气的普及与应用）与本段意思相符，故选C。文章第二段第一句是句，FBlackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.那些由氢，其他气体以及一些金属组成的星体形成了黑洞，compacteverypieceintothetiniestparticleF跟段落句子意思相符，故选F。从文章第三段第一句Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,neverEtobreak 可以判断这一段是讲黑洞周围的物体如何如何，因此E选项Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole符合本段，故选E。thatblackholestrulyexist）所以A项。（有证明黑洞真实存在吗）thereproofthatblackIsholesreallyexist?符合本段，故选A。27．B题意：黑洞是在……文章第一段就，黑洞源于巨大星体。B项anexplosionofhugestars(•巨星）与原句意思相符，故选B。28．C题意：巨大星体时，重力将压缩成文章第二段thegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle,由此得知是把产生的物体压缩成颗粒，故选C。29．D题意：新形成的黑洞以及产生黑洞的那个星体文章第三段，blackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar黑洞和形成黑洞的那个星体质量相同，Dthesameamountofmass与原句意思相符，故选30．E题意 ，天文学家断定黑洞存在是因为的相对论。所以E项theexistenceofblackholes与原文意思相符，故选E。431．B本题问的是文章主要观点是什么？通读全文，文章主要讲的是公共土地在能源生产方面发挥的巨大作用。通过文章第一段几句话可以看出：TheUnitedStatesboastssubstantialenergyresources.FederallandsprovideagooddealofU.S.energyproduction，Productionfromthesesourcesamountstonearly30percentoftotalannualU.S.energyproduction.故本题选B.Publiclandsyanimportantroleinenergyproduction。其他选项在文章也有体现，但都是arealsoestimatedtocontainapproximay68percentofallundiscoveredU.S.oilreservesand74percentofundiscoverednaturalgas.可知，土地有74%的未探明天然气，故本题选A。33．A本题问的是文章第四段以地热，风力以及水力为例是为了证明什么？根据文章第四段第一句话Alternativeenergyproductionfromfederallandslagsbehindconventionalenergyproduction,thoughtheamountisstillsignificant意思是新能源生产虽然于传统能源，但以答案选择A.theamountofalternativeenergyproductionfrompubliclandsishuge.34．A本题问的是公共土地满足能源要求的压力逐渐增加是因为什么？根据文章最后一段第一句话BecauseofthegrowingU.S.thirstforenergyandincreasingpublicuneasewithdependenceonforeignoilsources可知，对能源的需求日益增加，对国外能源的依赖度所以答案选择A.theUSisdemandingmoreandmoreenergy.35．C本题问的是什么情况下公共土地可以用来发展能源？根据文章最后一段第二句话Publiclandsareavailableforenergydevelopmentonlyaftertheyhavebeenevaluatedthroughthelandusenningprocess.可知公共土地只有经过土地利用规划评估之后才能用来发展能源。所以答案选择C。36．D根据文章第一段最后一句的意思，D是正确选项：植物一直以来都是利用阳光作为能充电，所以答案是C，意思是让绿色植物成为一种新能源。 39．Aremovingthesulfatealsomakesthealgae’scellsworkveryslowly，绿sulfateA40．D根据短文最后一段的描述，绿藻可以在任何地方生长，它们是很容易使用的能源，而且用途广泛。所以答案选择D.41Kalahari沙漠？根据文章第一段第三句话…TheirmainAaimwastostudythebadgers’movementsandbehaviour可知他们的目的是为了研究獾的行为习性。故选A。42．A本题问的是关于蜜獾，KitsoKhama说了什么？根据文章第二段第一句“Theproblemwithhoneybadgersistheyarenaturallycuriousanimals,especiallywhentheyseesomethingnew,”hesays可知，獾对于新事物有天然的好奇心，故选A。43．B