英语词汇学试题复习参考分章节

英语词汇学试题IntroductionandChapter1BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary（练习1）Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Morphologyisthebranchofgrammarwhichstudiesthestructureorformsofwords,primarilythroughtheuseofconstruct.A.wordB.formC.morphemeD.rootistraditionallyusedforthestudyoftheoriginsandhistoryoftheformandmeaningofwords.A.SemanticsB.LinguisticsC.EtymologyD.StylisticsEnglishisderivedfromthelanguageofearlytribes.A.GreekB.RomanC.Italian D.Germanic4.Semanticsisthestudyofmeaningofdifferentlevels:lexis,syntax,utterance,discourse,etc.A.linguisticB.grammaticalC.arbitraryD.semanticisthestudyofstyle.Itisconcernedwiththeuser,schoicesoflinguisticelementsinaparticularforspecialeffectsA.situationB.context C.time D.placeshareswithlexicologythesameproblems:theform,meaning,originsandusagesofwords,buttheyhaveadifference.A.spellingB.semantic C.pronunciationD.pragmatic.Terminologyconsistsoftermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareas.A.technicalB.artistic C.differentD.academic.referstothespecializedvocabulariesbywhichmembersofparticulararts,sciences,trades,andprofessionscommunicateamongthemselves.A.SlangB.Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot.belongstothesub-standardlanguage,acategorythatseemstostandbetweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailabletoeveryoneandin-groupwords.A.JargonB.Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang.Argotgenerallyreferstothejargonofuseisconfinedtothesub-culturalgroupsandoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit.A.workers B.criminals C.anyperson D.policemanarewordsusedonlybyspeakersofthedialectinquestion.A.Argot B.Slang C.Jargon D.DialectalwordsArchaismsarewordsorformsthatwereonceinusebutarenowrestrictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse.A.commonB.little C.slight D.greatNeologismsarenewly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenonmeanings.A.newB.old C.bad D.goodContentwordsdenoteclearnotionsandthusareknownaswords.Theyincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.A.functionalB.notional C.empty D.formalFunctionalwordsdonothavenotionsoftheirown.Therefore,theyarealsocalledwords.Prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliariesandarticlesbelongtothiscategory.A.contentB.notionalC.empty D.new

II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.isabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandofwords.lexicologyaimsatinvestigatingandstudyingthestructuresofEnglishwordsandwordequivalents,theirsemantics,relations,development,formationand.Englishlexicologyembracesotheracademicdisciplines,suchasmorphology,,etymology,stylistics,Therearegenerallytwoapproachestothestudyofwords,namelysynchronicand.Languagestudyinvolvesthestudyofspeechsounds,grammarand.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto1)basicwordstockandnonbasicvocabulary2)contentwordsandfunctionalwords3)nativewordsandborrowedwords4)characteristicsofthebasicwordstock.AB21.Stability( )A.E-mail22.Collocbility()B.aught23.Jargon( )C.por24.Argot( )D.uponwords( )E.hypo26.Neologisms( )F.atheart27.Aliens( )G.man28.Semantic-loans( )H.dip29.Archaisms( )I.fresh30.Emptywords( )J.emirStudythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)characteristicsofthebasicwordstock2)typesofnonbasicvocabulary.31.dogcheap(33.can-opener(35.bottomline(37.auld(

())(31.dogcheap(33.can-opener(35.bottomline(37.auld(

())())())38.futurology(40.take()) 32achangeofheart(V.Definethefollowingterms.41.word42.Denizens43.Aliens))44.Translation-loans45.Semantic-loansVI.AnswerthefollowingQuestionstherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning,soundandformwithexamples.Whatarethemaincharacteristicsofthebasicword-stockIllustrateyourpointswithexamples.Givethetypesofnonbasicvocabularywithexamples.VII.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.Classifythefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofwordsaccordingtonotion.earth,cloud,run,walk,on,of,upon,be,frequently,the,five,but,a,never.GroupthefollowingborrowedwordsintoDenizens,Aliens,Translation-loans,Semantic-loans.Dream,pioneer,kowtow,bazaar,lama,master-piece,port,shirtKeytoExercises:1.historical,usages18.semantics,.vocabulary21.G22.F23.E24.H25.C26.A27.thebasicwordstock;productivitythebasicwordstock;collocabilitybasicwordstock;argotwordstock;slangnonbasicwordstock;jargonnonbasicwordstock;terminologywordstock;dialectalwordsnonbasicwordstock,neologismsnonbasicwordstock;archaismsthebasicwordstock;polysemyV——VI.(seethecoursebook)VII.49.Contentwords:earth,clould,run,walk,frequently,never,fiveFunctionalwords:on,of,upon,be,the,but,a.50.Denizens:port,shirt,Aliens:bazaar,kowtowTranslation-loans:lama,masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream,pioneerChapter2TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabularyandChapter3WordFormationI(练习2)Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Itisassumedthattheworldhasapproximately3,000(someputit5,000)languages,whichcanbegroupedintothebasisofsimilaritiesintheirbasicwordstockandgrammar.A.500B.4000C.300D.2000TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobeahighlylanguage.A.inflectedB.derivedC.developedD.analyzedAfterthe,theGermanictribescalledAngles,Saxons,andJutescameingreatnumbers.A.Greeks B.IndiansC.Romans D.FrenchTheintroductionofhadagreatimpactontheEnglishvocabulary.A.Hinduism B.ChristianityC.BuddhismD.IslamismInthe9thcenturythelandwasinvadedagainbyNorwegianandDanishVikings.Withtheinvaders,manywordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.A.Greek B.RomanC.Celtic D.ScandinavianItisestimatedthatatleastwordsofScandinavianoriginhavesurvivedinmodernEnglish.A.500 B.800 C.1000 .D.900TheNormansinvadedEnglandfromFrancein1066.TheNormanConqueststartedacontinualflowofwordsintoEnglish.A.FrenchB.Greek C.Roman D.LatinBytheendofthecentury,Englishgraduallycamebackintotheschools,thelawcourts,andgovernmentandregainedsocialstatus.A.12th B.13th C.14thAsaresult,CelticmadeonlyacontributiontotheEnglishvocabulary.A.smallB.big C.great D.smallerTheBalto-SlaviccomprisessuchmodernlanguagesasPrussian,Lithuanian,Polish,Czech,Bulgarian,Slovenianand.A.GreekB.Roman C.Indian D.Russian

IntheIndo-IranianwehavePersian,Bengali,Hindi,Romany,thelastthreeofwhicharederivedfromthedeadlanguage.A.SanskritB.Latin C.Roman D.GreekGreekisthemodernlanguagederivedfrom.A.Latin B.HellenicC.Indian D.GermanicThefiveRoamancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalled.A.SanskritB.LatinC.Celtic D.Anglo-SaxonThefamilyconsistsofthefourNorthernEuropeanLanguages:Norwegian,Icelandic,DanishandSwedish,whicharegenerallyknownasScandinavianlanguages.A.GermanicB.Indo-EuropeanC.Albanian D.HellenicBytheendofthecentury,virtuallyallofthepeoplewhoheldpoliticalorsocialpowerandmanyofthoseinpowerfulChurchpositionswereofNormanFrenchorigin.A.10th D.13thCompletethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertoAnglo-Saxonas..IfwesaythatOldEnglishwasalanguageoffullendings,MiddleEnglishwasoneof.ItcanbeconcludedthatEnglishhasevokedfromasyntheticlanguage(OldEnglish)tothepresentlanguage.Thesurvivinglanguagesaccordinglyfallintoeightprincipalgroups,whichcanbegroupedintoanEasternset:Balto-Slavic,Indo-Iranian,ArmenianandAlbanian;aWesternset:Celtic,Italic,Hellenic,.ItisnecessarytosubdivideModernEnglishintoEarly(1500-1700)andModernEnglish.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto1)originofthewords2)historyoffEnglishdevelopment3)languagefamily.ACelticACelticreligious(FrenchOldEnglish(English (ModernEnglishGermanicfamily(()()( )E.abbot)F.skirt)G.sunu( )H.lernen)I.freightJ.NorwegianStudythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentifytypesofmorphemesunderlined.31.earth()()33.predictor()34.radios()35.prewar()36.happiest()37.antecedent()38.northward()38.sun()40.diction()Definethefollowingterms.41.freemorphemes42.boundmorphemes43.root44.stemVI.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.DescribethecharacteristicsofOldEnglish.DescribethecharacteristicsofMiddleEnglish.DescribethecharacteristicsofModernEnglish.VII.Answerthefollowingquestionswithexamples.WhatarethethreemainsourcesofnewwordsHowdoesthemodernEnglishvocabularydevelopKeytoexercises:English17.Leveledendings18.analytic19.Germanic(1700-uptothepresent)21.D22.E23.F24.A25.G26.I27.H28.B29.J30.C31.freemorpheme/freeroot32.boundroot33.suffix 34.inflectionalaffixprefix36.Inflectionalaffix37.prefix38.suffix39.freemorpheme/freerootroot(Seethecoursebook)VII.49.Thethreemainsourcesofnewwordsare:Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology八astrobiology,greenrevolution;Social,economicandpoliticalchanges;.Watergate,soymilk;Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguage;.felafel,NehruJackets.50.ModernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughthreechannels:(1)creation,.consideration,carefulness;(2)semanticchange,.Polysemy,homonymy;(3)borrowing;.tofu,gongful.Chapter3TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabularyandChapter4WordFormationII(练习3)I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Theprefixesinthewordsofirresistible,nonclassicalandapoliticalarecalled.A.reversativeprefixesB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesTheprefixescontainedinthefollowingwordsarecalled:pseudo-friend,malpractice,mistrust.A.reversativeprefixedB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesTheprefixedcontainedinunwrap,de-composeanddisalloware.A.reversativeprefixedB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesTheprefixesinwordsextra-strong,overweightandarchbishopare.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesTheprefixesinwordsbilingual,uniformandhemisphereare.A.numberprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesarecontainedinwordstrans-world,intra-partyandforehead.A.PrefixesoforientationandattitudeB.PrefixesoftimeandorderC.Locativeprefixes D.PrefixesofdegreeorsizeRugby,afghanandchampagnearewordscomingfrom.A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenamesOmega,Xeroxandorlonarewordsfrom.A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenames,foretellandpost-electioncontain.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.locativeprefixesMackintosh,bloomersandcherubarefrom

A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenamesTheprefixesinwordsnew-Nazi,autobiographyandpan-Europeanare.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.miscellaneousprefixesTheprefixesinwordsanti-government,prostudentandcontrafloware-.A.prefixesofdegreeorsizeB.prefixesoforientationandattitudeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.miscellaneousprefixesUtopia,odysseyandBabbitarewordsfrom.A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenamesThesuffixesinwordsclockwise,homewardsare.A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixesC.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixesThesuffixesinwordsheighten,symbolizeare.A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixesC.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixesCompletethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.Affixationisgenerallydefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas.,alsocalled,istheformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorestems.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalled.theformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.theformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalledblendsorwords.20Acommonwayofmakingawordistoshortenalongerwordbycuttingapartofftheoriginalandusingwhatremainsinstead.Thisiscalled.III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingtotypesofsuffixation.)A.priceless)B.downward)C.engineer))A.priceless)B.downward)C.engineer)D.darken)Eviolinist))G.arguable))I.adulthood)J.survivalAbstractdenominalnounsuffixes (Deverbalnounsuffixes(denotingpeople.)(Deverbalnounssuffixes(denotingaction,etc)(De-adjectivenounsuffixes (Nounandadjectivesuffixes (Denominaladjectivesuffixes (Deverbaladjectivesuffixes (Adverbsuffixes (Verbsuffixes (IV.Studythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)typesofclipping2)typesofacronymyandwritethefullterms.( ) 32.stereo( )33.flu( ) 34.pub( )35.c/o( )36.V-day( )37.TB( )38.disco( )( )40.perm( )V.Definethefollowingterms.41.acronymy42.back-formation43.initialisms44.prefixation45.suffixationVI.Answerthefollowingquestionswithexamples.WhatarethecharacteristicsofcompoundsWhatarethemaintypesofblendings

WhatarethemaintypesofcompoundsVII.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing:Usethefollowingexamplestoexplainthetypesofback-formation.donate----donationloaf—loaferemote emotionbegeavesdrop---eavesdroppingdrowse—drowsydonate----donationloaf—loaferemote emotionbegeavesdrop---eavesdroppingdrowse—drowsy-beggarbabysit---babysitterlaze---lazyReadthefollowingsentenceandidentifythetypesofconversionoftheitalicizedwords.(2)Therichmusthelpthepoor.(4)Theyarebetterhousedandclothed.(2)Therichmusthelpthepoor.(4)Theyarebetterhousedandclothed.(6)Wedownedafewbeers.(3)Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.(5)Thephotographyellowedwithage.Keytoexercises:B2.C3.A4.B5.A16.derivation,compounds18.Conversion19.Blending(pormanteau)22.I23.H24.J.Frontclipping,earthquakeBackclipping,stereophonicandbackclipping,influenzaclipping,publichouseInitialisms,careofAcronyms,VictoryDayInitialisms,tuberculosisBackclipping,discothequeFrontclipping,helicopterPhraseclipping,permanentwavesV-VI.(Seethecoursebook).Therearemainlyfourtypesofback-formation.(1)Fromabstractnouns(2)Fromhumannouns(3)Fromcompoundnounsandothers(4)Fromadjectives50.(1)Verbtonoun(2)Adjectivetonoun(3)Miscellaneousconversiontonoun(4)Nountoverb(5)Adjective(6)MiscellaneousconversiontoverbChapter5WordMeaning像习4)Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Awordisthecombinationofformand.A.spellingB.writingC.meaningD.denotingistheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.A.Reference B.Concept C.Sense D.ContextSensedenotestherelationshipsthelanguage.A.outside B.with C.beyond D.insideMostEnglishwordscanbesaidtobe.A.non-motivatedB.motivatedC.connectedD.relatedisa(n)motivatedword.A.morphologicallyB.semanticallyC.onomatopoeicallyD.etymologically

Hopelessisamotivatedword.A.morphologicallyB.onomatopoeicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologicallyInthesentence‘Heisfondofpen’，penisamotivatedword.A.morphologicallyB.onomatopoeicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologicallyWalkmanisamotivatedword.A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologicallyFunctionalwordspossessstrongwhereascontentwordshavebothmeanings,andlexicalmeaninginparticular.A.grammaticalmeaningB.conceptualmeaningC.associativemeaningD.arbitrarymeaningunstable,varyingconsiderablyaccordingtoculture,historicalperiod,andtheexperienceoftheindividual.A.StylisticmeaningB.ConnotativemeaningC.CollocativemeaningD.Affectivemeaningmeaningindicatesthespeaker,stowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.A.feeling .B.liking C.attitude D.understanding.areaffectivewordsastheyareexpressionsofemotionssuchasoh,dearme,alas.A.PrepositionsB.Interjections C.Exclamations D.Explanations.Itisnoticeablethatoverlapswithstylisticandaffectivemeaningsbecauseinasensebothstylisticandaffectivemeaningsarerevealedbymeansofcollocations.A.conceptualmeaningB.grammaticalmeaningC.lexicalmeaningD.collocativemeaningthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedin.A.onlyonewordB.twowordsC.morethanthreeD.differentwordsistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthe.A.speakersB.listenersC.world D.specificcountryII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.InmodernEnglishonemayfindsomewordswhosesoundssuggesttheirCompoundsandderivedwordsarewordsandthemeaningsofmanyarethesumtotalofthemorphemescombined.referstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaningofaword.Themeaningsofmanywordsoftenrelatedirectlytotheir.Inotherwordsthehistoryofthewordexplainsthemeaningoftheword.Lexicalmeaningitselfhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningand.III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto1)typesofmotivation2)typesofmeaning.ABOnomotopooeicmotivation(Collocativemeaning(Morphologicalmotivation (Onomotopooeicmotivation(Collocativemeaning(Morphologicalmotivation (Connotativemeaning (Semanticmotivation (Stylisticmeaning (Etymologicalmotivation (Pejorativemeaning (Conceptualmeaning(Appreciativemeaning()A.tremblewithfear)B.skinny)C.slender)D.hiss)E.laconic)F.sun(aheavenlybody)))H.home)I.horseandplug)J.penandawordthefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)typesofmotivation2)typesofmeaning.31.neigh( ) 32.themouthoftheriver(TOC\o"1-5"\h\zreading-lamp( )34.tantalus( )warmhome( )36.thecops( )dearme( )38.pigheaded( )handsomeboy( )40.diligence( )Definethefollowingterms.motivation42.grammaticalmeanings43.conceptualmeaning44.associativemeaning45.affectivemeaningAnswerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.46.Whatisreference47.Whatisconcept48.WhatissenseV.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.Studythefollowingwordsandexplaintowhichtypeofmotivationtheybelong.Explainthetypesofassociativemeaningwithexamples.Keytoexercises:meaning32.Semanticmotivationmeaning32.Semanticmotivation34.Etymologicalmotivationmeaning38.pejorative40.appreciative16.meaningsmotivation21.D31.OnomatopoeicmotivationMorphologicalmotivationConnotativemeaningAffectivemeaningcollocativemeaningV-VI.Seethecoursebook.VI.49.(1)Roarandbuzzbelongtoonomatopoeicmotivation.(2)Miniskirtandhopelessbelongtomorphologicalmotivation.Thelegofatableandtheneckofabottlebelongtosemanticmotivation.Titanicandpanicbelongtoetymologicalmotivation.Associativemeaningcomprisesfourtypes:Connotativemeaning.Itreferstotheovertonesorassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaning,traditionallyknownasconnotations.Itisnotanessentialpartoftheword-meaning,butassociationsthatmightoccurinthemindofaparticularuserofthelanguage.Forexample,mother,denotinga/femaleparent,isoftenassociatedwith‘love’，‘care’,etc..Stylisticmeaning.Apartfeomtheirconceptualmeanings,manywordshavestylisticfeatures,whichmakethemappropriatefordifferentcontexts.Thesedistinctivefeaturesformthestylisticmeaningsofwords.Forexample,pregnant,expecting,knockingup,intheclub,etc.,allcanhavethesameconceptualmeaning,butdifferintheirstylisticvalues.Affectivemeaning.Itindicatesthespeaker,sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeorpejorative.Forexample,famous,determinedarewordsofpositiveovertones;notorious,pigheadedareofnegativeconnotationsimplyingdisapproval,contemptorcriticism.Collocativemeaning.Itconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbythewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.Forexample,wesay:prettygirl,prettygarden;wedon'tsayprettytypewriter.Butsometimesthereissomeoverlapbetweenthecollocationsofthetwowords.Chapter6SenseRelationsandSemanticField（练习5）ofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiarto.A.EnglishonlyB.ChineseonlyC.allnaturallanguages D.somenaturallanguagesFromthepointofview,polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.A.linguisticB.diachronicC.synchronicD.traditionalisasemanticprocessinwhichtheprimarymeaningstandsatthecenterandthesecondarymeaningsproceedoutofitineverydirectionlikerayes.ARadiationB.ConcatenationC.DerivationD.Inflectionisthesemanticprocessinwhichthemeaningofawordmovesgraduallyawayfromitsfirstsensebysuccessiveshiftsuntil,inmanycases,thereisnotasignofconnectionbetweenthesensethatisfinallydevelopedandthatwhichthetermhadatthebeginning.A.DerivationB.RadiationC.InflectionD.Concatenationimportantcriteriontodifferentiatehomonymsfrompolysemantsistoseetheir.A.spelling B.pronunciationC.etymologyD.usage.refertooneoftwoormorewordsintheEnglishlanguagewhichhavethesameorverynearlythesameessentialmeaning.A.PolysemantsB.SynonymsC.AntonymsD.Hyponyms.Thesenserelationbetweenthetwowordstulipandfloweris.A.hyponymyB.synonymy C.polysemyD.antonymyarewordsidenticalonlyinspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaning,.bow/bau/;bow/beu/.A.HomophonesB.HomographsC.PerfecthomonymsD.AntonymsTheantonyms:maleandfemaleare.A.contradictorytermsB.contrarytermsC.relativetermsD.connectedtermsTheantonymsbigandsmallare.A.contradictorytermsB.contrarytermsC.relativetermsD.connectedtermsTheantonymshusbandandwifeare.A.contradictorytermsB.contrarytermsC.relativetermsD.connectedtermsCompositionandcompoundinginlexicologyarewordsof.A.absolutesynonymsB.relativesynonymsC.relativeantonymsD.contraryantonymsAshomonymsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,particularly,theyareoftenemployedinaconversationtocreatepunsfordesiredeffectofhumor,sarcasmorridicule.A.homographsB.homophonesC.absolutehomonymsD.antonymsFromthediachronicpointofview,whenthewordwascreated,itwasendowedwithonlyonemeaning.Thefirstmeaningiscalled.A.primarymeaningB.derivedmeaningC.centralmeaningD.basicmeaningSynchronically,thebasicmeaningofawordisthecoreofword-meaningcalled.A.primarymeaningB.derivedmeaningC.centralmeaningD.secondarymeaningCompletethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.Oneimportantcriterionfordifferentiationofhomonymsfrompolysemantsistoseetheir,thesecondprincipalconsiderationis.

Indictionaries,apolysemanthasitsmeaningsalllistedunderonewhereashomonymsarelistedasseparate.Thedifferencesbetweensynonymsboildowntothreeareas:,connotation,and.Hyponymydealswiththerelationshipofsemanticinclusion.Thatis,themeaningofamorespecificwordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword.Thegeneralwordsarecalledthetermsandthemorespecificwordsarecalledtheterms.ThemassivewordstoreofalanguagelikeEnglishcanbeconceivedofascomposedaroundanumberofmeaningareas.Somelarge,suchas/philosophy'or'emotions’,othersmaller,suchas/kinship'or‘color’.Viewingthetotalmeaninginthiswayisthebasisof.III.MatchthewordsorexpressioninColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto1)discriminationofsynonyms2)typesofantonymsAdifferenceindenotation( )borrowing ( )synonyms2)typesofantonymsAdifferenceindenotation( )borrowing ( )dialectsandregionalEnglish(contradictoryterms (figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwords(contraryterms ( )differenceinconnotation(coincidencewithidiomaticexpressions(differenceinapplication( )relativeterms ( )3)sourcesofsynonyms.Bdead/alivehandy/manualold/younganswertheletter/replytotheletter)E.jimwant/wish/desiredreamer/star-gazer)H.employer/employeehelp/lendoneahandfoe/enemythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)typesofsynonyms2)originsofhomonyms3)processesof()33.candidate(()33.candidate(35.NOWfromear(39.bank/bankTOC\o"1-5"\h\z32.wordbuilding/wordformation( )) 34.bow/bau/andbow/beu/(( ) 36.dear/deer( )) 38.fairfromferia( )( ) 40.change/alter/vary(V.Definethefollowingterms.41.radiation42.concatenation43.antonymy44.hoponymy45.semanticfieldVI.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.WhataretheoriginsofhomonymsWhataresourcesofsynonymsWhatarethecharacteristicsofantonymsVII.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.Dividethefollowingwordsintofourgroupsandgivethesuperordinateterms:bark,boat,drum,harp,lute.Microscope.Mirror,destroyer,cruiser,piano,tectangle,rhomboid,rhombus,ship,spectacles,spectroscope,square,telescope,trapezium,violin.Writethefollowingwordsintoatree-likegraph:vegetable,meat,pork,beef,turnip,carrot,bread,food,cake,cornflakes,cereal.Keytoexercises:14.A1.C14.A16.etymology,semanticrelatedness,entries,application19.superordinate,subordinateIII.theory21.FIII.theory21.F29.DIV.31.radiation3