陕西省西安市阎良区2022届高三下学期第一次统一测试

陕西省西安市阎良区2022届高三下学期第一次统一测试英语试卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共四节，满分55分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出所给单词的正确读音，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。1.attendA.blameBannounceC.tabletD.vinceA.foldB.tolerateC.postageD.ecology3.citizenA.recycleB.communismC.clarifyD.constant4.chartA.schoolB.characteristicC.chemicalDchat5.BritainA.certainB.trainC.containD.against第二节情景对话（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）根据对话情景和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两个为多余选项。Roseisatthelibrarycounter.Sheistalkingtothelibrarian.Rose: Hello,Iborrowedfivebooksaboutamonthago.6Librarian: Letmecheckforyou.Rose: 7Librarian: You’relucky,theyareduetoday.Rose: CanIrenewthem?Librarian: Youcanonlyrenewsomeofthem.Rose: 8Librarian: Twoofthebooksarehotonesthatmanystudentshavereserved(预定).Rose: Ihavetoreturntwoofthemandrenewtherestthree.Right?Librarian: Right.Rose: CanIborrowthesetwoagain?Librarian: 9Butyouhavetowaitforafewmonths.Rose: 10Librarian: Youhavetoreservethemandwaitforyourturn.Rose: Oh,Isee.Imightaswellreturnthemnow.A.Ihopeso.B.Thankyou.C.Yes,ofcourse.D.Whyafewmonths?E.Whycan’tIrenewallofthem?F.Iwonderwhethertheyaredueornot.G.IwonderwhetherIcanrenewallofthem.第三节语法和词汇知识（共15小题,每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。11.Wearelivingin______worldofdeveloping,______worldwhereanyproblemcanbesolvedinapeacefulway.A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a12.--Whydidn’tyoucometoseethefilmwithyourparentslastweekend?--I_____mylessonsforthemonth-exam.A.waspreparingB.prepareC.preparedD.haveprepared13.Withexaminationscomingimmediately,you________theInternetlastnight.A.mustn’tsurfB.shouldn’tsurfC.couldn’thavesurfedD.shouldn’thavesurfed14.—Excuseme.Doyouhappentohavechangefora50-pencepiece?—__________.I’vejustusedupallmycoins.A.Idon’tbelieveso B.Ican’tagreemoreC.I’drathernot D.I’mafraidnot15.Shewasliftinghandfulsoffinesandandlettingitpour__________herfingers.A.across B.in C.through D.into16.Ireturnedhomewithsomerosesandonlythen__________findmyfavoritevasemissing.A.Idid B.didI C.doI D.Ido17.It’ssaid____________waseverything_______Mr.Professorcouldtellus.A.that;what;allB.what;that;thatC.that;that;thatD.what;that;what18.—Hi,Kathy.We’regoingtohaveapartythisSaturday.Willyoucome?—__________.Whattime?A.Isupposeso B.I’dloveto C.Ithinkso D.Ilikeit19.__________achance,wewillvisitEdinburghasecondtime.A.Tobegiven B.Given C.Giving D.Havinggiven20.Hisparentswereteachersinthatschool,_______losttheirlivesinordertosavetheirstudentsintheearthquake.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.bothofwhom21.Whetheryoubelievewhathesaid_________whathedoesinthefuture.A.livesonB.dependsonC.callsonD.carrieson22.He’ssucceededinmanyfieldsbuthiswifeisanordinarywoman,___________?A.issheB.isn’tsheC.doesn’theD.hasn’the23.Someextraofficeequipment,includingtwodesksandtwocomputers,__________tobeorderednextweek.A.are B.is C.was D.were24.Thereferencebookisofgreatvalue.________canbeenjoyedfromituntilyouhaveadeepunderstandingofit,however.A.NothingB.FewC.SomethingD.Much25.Thedoctorrecordedthe______oftheoldman’sdeathasheartfailure.A.effect B.result C.reason D.cause第四节完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。“Areyoutoostupidtodoanythingright?”Thesewords—saidbyawomantoalittleboywhowasobviouslyherson—werespoken26hehadwalkedawayfromher.Theboyreturned,hiseyesdowncast.Nota27moment,perhaps,28smallmomentslastaverylongtime.Andafewwords—thoughtheymean29atthetimetothepeoplewhosaythem—canhavegreat30.IrecentlyheardastoryfromamannamedMalcolmDalkoff.Forthelast24yearshehasbeenaprofessional31.Hereiswhathetoldme:AsaboyinRockIsland,Dalkoffwasterribly32.Hehadfew33andnoself-confidence.Oneday,hisEnglishteacher,RuthBrach,gavetheclassanassignment.ThestudentshadbeenreadingToKillaMockingbird.Nowtheyweretowritetheirownchapterthatwould34thelastchapterofthenovel.Dalkoffwrotehischapterandturnedit35.Todayhecannotrecallanything36aboutthechapterhewrote,orwhat37MrsBrachgavehim.WhathedoesrememberisthefourwordsMrsBrachwroteinmargin（空白）ofthepaper:“Thisis38writing.”Fourwords.They39hislife.“40Ireadthosewords,IhadnoidealofwhoIwasor41Iwasgoingtobe,”hesaid.“Afterreadinghernote,Iwenthomeandwroteashortstory,somethingIhadalwaysbeen42ofdoingbutneverbelievedIcoulddo.”Overtherestofthatyearinschool,hewrotemanyshortstoriesandalwaysbroughtthemtoschoolforMrsBrachtoevaluate.Shewas43,toughandhonest.“ShewasjustwhatI44,”Dalkoffsaid.Hisconfidence45.Dalkoffbelievedthatnoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifthatwomanhadnotwrittenthosefourwordsinthemarginofthepaper.26.A.where B.why C.because D.when27.A.wonderful B.difficult C.funny D.big28.A.yet B.although C.for D.therefore29.A.much B.little C.more D.most30.A.meaning B.power C.force D.sense31.A.writer B.player C.poet D.singer32.A.sorry B.proud C.sick D.shy33.A.books B.ideals C.friends D.chances34.A.follow B.match C.decide D.improve35.A.on B.in C.out D.down36.A.more B.again C.different D.special37.A.honors B.remarks C.prizes D.grade38.A.poor B.serious C.good D.silly39.A.changed B.damaged C.affected D.improved40.A.Unless B.Until C.When D.While41.A.what B.how C.where D.which42.A.tired B.fond C.proud D.dreaming43.A.strict B.kind C.encouraging D.praising44.A.feared B.needed C.expected D.loved45.A.grew B.lifted C.appeared D.returned第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ATheGreenbelt,awidebeltofopenlandaroundthecitiesandtownsoftheSanFranciscoBayArea,includesaboutmillionoftheBayArea’smillionacres.TheBayAreaGreenbeltisoneofthelargestareasofopenlandinany.urbanarea.Openlandislandthathasfewbuildingsandlotsofnaturalareas.TheGreenbelt’sopenlandincludesparks,forests,beaches,andmorethan8,500farms.WhataretheadvantagesoftheGreenbelt?TheGreenbelthasmanyadvantagesforpeopleintheBayArea,whichinclude:walkingandbikingareasclosetothecitiesandtowns;placesforwildplantsandanimals;cleanerairandwater;andincomefromfarms.IstheGreenbeltindanger?FivehundredseventythousandacresoftheGreenbeltareindanger.Therearebuilderswhowanttobuildsuburbsonthem.Ifthoseacresbecomesuburbs,manythingswillchange:theurbanandsuburbanareawillalmostdouble;manyfarmswilldisappear;trafficwillbecomeworse;andtheairwillbecomedirtier.WhatisGreenbeltAlliance(联盟)?GreenbeltAlliance,anorganizationthatsaveslandintheSanFranciscoBayArea,worksaloneandwithothergroupstosavetheGreenbeltinfourways:Trytopersuadepeopletobuildnewbuildingsonlandthatisalreadyurban,notonopenland.MakesurethatthecityandtowngovernmentsareallmakingplanstosavetheGreenbelt.HelpBayAreatownsandcitiestobuypiecesofopenlandtomakeintonaturalareas.TeachpeopleintheBayAreawhytheGreenbeltisimportantandwhattheycandotohelpsaveit.46.WhatcanwelearnabouttheGreenbeltfromthefirstparagraph?A.TheGreenbeltisthelargestopenlandintheUnitedStates.B.TheGreenbeltcoversmuchmorethanhalfoftheBayArea.C.TherearefewfarmsontheopenlandoftheGreenbelt.D.Therearemorethan8,500naturalareasontheGreenbelt.47.OneoftheadvantagesoftheGreenbeltforpeopleintheBayAreais__________.A.convenienceforexercise B.incomefromsightseeingC.cleanercitystreets D.moreplantsandanimals48.TheGreenbeltisindangerbecause__________.A.trafficisgettingworse B.someplantobuildsuburbsonitC.thesuburbanareahasdoubled D.pollutionisbecomingserious49.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutGreenbeltAlliance?A.Itbuildsnewbuildingsonopenland.B.ItbuyslargeopenlandfortheBayArea.C.IteducatespeoplehowtosavetheGreenbelt.D.Ithelpsthecitygovernmentsmakeplans.BI’vejustdonemyfirstjumpsincetheaccidentthatnearlykilledmejustayearago.AsIwaslyinginhospital,thinkingthatIwouldneverskydiveagain,Iwasn’tfeelinggladtobealive.InsteadIwaswonderinghowIcouldpossiblylivewithoutit.Itallstartedoneeveningafteranothernine-to-fiveday.Iwassittingathomethinking,“Therehastobemoretolifethanthis,”whenanadvertisementcameonthetelevision:“Tryskydiving!”Thenextday,Icalledthenearestskydivingcentreandbookedmyfirstjump.Iwillneverforgetmyfirstjump.Itwasabeautiful,cloudlessdayandthesunwasjustgoingdown.AsIpushedmyselfawayfromtheplaneat11,000feet,mymindwentblank.WordscannotdescribetheexcitementIexperiencedwhileIwasfree-falling.Thatwasthemostamazingfourminutesofmylife.Fromthefirstjump,Iwashooked.IstartedspendingeveryfreemomentIhadskydiving.Atwork,IsatinfrontofmycomputerandimaginedwaysofmakingmoremoneysothatIcouldjumpmoreoften.Theaccidenthappenedonmy1,040thjump.Anotherskydivercollided(碰撞)withmyparachute(降落伞)at80feet.Ifellandhitthegroundatabout30mph,facedown.Ibrokemylegs,myrightarmandmynose.Ilost6litresofblood,19teethand25poundsoffat.Iwasluckytobealive.PeoplewhohaveneverexperiencedskydivingwillfindithardtounderstandthatmyonlymotivationtogetbetterwasthatIcoulddoitagain.AllIcansayisthatforme,skydivingislifeandlifeisskydiving.50.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sfirstskydivingfromthetext?A.Theauthorplanneditforalongtime.B.Theauthorwastooexcitedtoenjoyit.C.Itturnedouttobefairlysuccessful.D.Ittookplaceayearbeforetheaccident.51.Theunderlinedpart“Iwashooked”mostprobablymeans“__________”.A.IwasattractedbyskydivingB.IwasshockedbyskydivingC.IbecamefamiliarwithskydivingD.Ibecamecuriousaboutskydiving52.Whichofthefollowingshowstheauthor’sstrongwillforskydiving?A.Theauthorspentalmosteverynine-to-fivedayskydiving.B.Theauthorworkedhardtomakemoremoneyforskydiving.C.Theauthorimaginedhimselfskydivingwhileatthehospital.D.Theauthorexpectedtorecoveronlytocontinueskydiving.CWhiletheywerealmostunknowntwentyyearsago,itseemsthatmobilephonesthesedaysarepartofeveryone’slife.However,aswithotherinventionssuchasthetelevisionandthecomputer,theyareadouble-edgedsword,invitingbothsupportersandopponents,especiallyinregardtotheiruseinpublicplaceslikerestaurantsandcinemas.Oneofthestrongestargumentsinfavorofforbiddingmobilesinpublicplacesisthetroubletheycausetootherpeople.Forexample,althoughweareoftenaskedtoturnoffourphoneswheninacinema,thefilmthatwearewatchingisofteninterruptedbythesoundofatleastfiverings.Tomakeitevenworse,somepeopleinsistoncontinuingtheirconversation,eventhoughhundredsofpeoplecanhearwhattheysay,whichoftendrownsoutthevoicefromthefilm.Asaresult,manypeoplewouldwelcomeabanonmobilephonesinplaceswheretheymightdisturbotherpeople.Ontheotherhand,thereareanumberofargumentsagainstsuchaban.Itisdifficulttostoppeoplebringingwiththemtheirmobilephonesinpublicplaces,makingitalmostimpossibletocallforaban.Somepeoplewouldseethisasaninfringement（侵犯）oftheirrights,whileotherpeoplewouldsaytheyneedthemincaseofanemergency.Despitebeingaskedtosilencetheirphones,somepeopleinsistonleavingthemon.Itseemstomethatabanonmobilephoneswouldnothaveanyresultintheend.Peoplewillfindawaytoescapeaban.Nevertheless,peopleshouldbediscouragedfromusingtheminpublicplaces,unlessitishighlynecessary.Theyshouldbemadetoknowthatitisbadmannerstousethemincertainplacesoratcertaintimes.Ofcourse,therewillalwaysbesomeonewhothinkstheircallismoreimportantthanothers’peaceandquiet!53.Whyaremanypeopleforabanontheuseofmobilesinpublicplaces?A.Becausehundredsofpeoplecanhearthemtalk.B.Becausetheyareaskedtoturnofftheirmobiles.C.Becauseotherpeople’speaceandquietismoreimportant.D.Becausemanypeoplefindawaytoescapeaban.54.Amongthosewhoareagainstaban,somebelievethat__________.A.theycanturnofftheirmobileswhenitisnecessaryB.itistheirrighttousetheirmobilesinpublicplacesC.abanonmobileswouldnothaveanyresultD.theycansilencetheirmobileswheninpublicplaces55.Theauthorofthetextthinksthat__________.A.mobilescanbeusedincaseofanemergencyinpublicplacesB.mobilesshouldbeturnedoffinpublicplacesC.mobilesshouldnotbebannedinpublicplacesD.itispossibletobantheuseofmobilesinpublicplaces56.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DisadvantagesofMobilesinPublicPlacesB.WhyNotBanMobilesinPublicPlaces?C.ShouldMobilesBeBannedinPublicPlaces?D.MannersforMobileUsersinPublicPlacesDEllenSwallowRichardswasthefirstwomantoearnabachelor’sdegreefromMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).Achemist,socialactivist,teacher,andfirstwomanmemberoftheInstituteofEngineering,shebelievedthathousekeepingwasascience.Asaprogressivethinkeratthetime,shethoughtthatwomenneededtolearnaboutmoneymattersandhaveup-to-dateinformationoncleanlinessandnutrition.Sheencouragedwomenfromallbackgroundstogetthebesteducationpossible.Ellenwasbornin1842andwasbroughtupinMassachusetts.AgraduateofVassarCollegeinNewYork,shereturnedtoNewEnglandtoattendMIT.AfterhermarriagetoProfessorRobertRichards,sheworkedinalaboratoryatMIT,examiningpollutionofwatersourcesinMassachusetts.Herworkledtothecreationofthefirstfood-inspection(检验)lawsofthatstate.ShewasinstructoratMITfrom1884untilherdeathin1911.Likeotherprogressivethinkersofthetime,Ellenwasworriedaboutproblemsofthepoorandtheeffectoftheenvironmentonsociety.Sheconsideredtheenvironmentakeyfactorinqualityoflife.Withinthefamily,asintheworldatlarge,sciencewaschiefintoolsusedtohelpthepoor.Sciencecouldhelptomanagemoneymatters,keepahomesafeandclean,andimprovequalityoflife.Foodproperlycookedcouldbetasty,nutritious,andinexpensive.Betterandcheaperfoodcouldprotectthehealthandimprovethelivesofworking-classfamilies.Ellencreatedthescienceofhousekeeping,nowcalledhomeeconomics,andelevated（提升）ittoaseriouscollegesubject.Sheworkedtirelesslyasanationalleaderindevelopingstandards,materials,andteachertrainingforthisnewfield.Herpublicationscovermanysubjects—fromthechemistryofcookingandcleaningtothecostofliving.57.Accordingtothetext,Ellen__________.A.providednewjobsforthepoorB.helpedtocreatenewkindsoffoodC.setupthefieldofhomeeconomicsD.createdtheideasoffood-inspectionlaws58.Asaprogressivethinker,Ellen__________.A.suggestedpeoplecooktheirownmealsathomeB.believedcheapfoodwasbetterthanexpensiveoneC.advisedwomentogetthebesteducationpossibleD.consideredmoneymattersakeyfactorinqualityoflife59.Ellenbelievedthat__________.A.poorfamiliesknewhowtomanagemoneyB.familieswerewellinformedaboutgoodnutritionC.cheaperfoodcouldnotprotectpeople’shealthD.familiesspentmuchonfoodbutwerenotwellnourished60.Onecaninferthat,asaresultoftheeffortsofpeoplesuchasEllen,__________.A.onemaystudyhomeeconomicsatauniversityforacareerB.thepollutionofwatersourcesisnolongeraproblemC.mostpeopletodaylearntocookatschoolD.sciencedoesnothelpmuchwithinthefamilyasintheworld第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从下框的A—F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。A.EnvironmentprotectionB.DrivingexperienceC.Self–drivingD.SafetyE.ComputingandcommunicationsF.Wirelesscommunications61．Today,theInternetisinafewcars;tomorrow,broadband(宽带)willbeinallofthem.Anycapabilityapersonalcomputerhas,acarwillhave,includingtwo–waywirelesscommunicationsforreceivinge–mail,music,andmovies.Whenyou’recrossingthelonelyplace,thekidscanwatchTVifthey’rebored.Everypassengerwillhaveavideofeed.62．Everycarwillhaveaself–drivingsystemlinkedtoGPSsatellites.Radarsensors(传感器)willtracknearbycars.Onthefreeway,they’llslowyourcarwhenthecaraheadofyouslows;intown,they’llhelpyouparkwithouthittingothercars.Atrushhour,you’llgettheroutesaroundtrafficjamsandaccidents.Theself–drivingsysteminacarmakesitpossibleforthecartodriveitself,thoughsomescientistssaythat’s30to40yearsoff.63．Motorvehiclestodayrepresent20to30percentoftheworld’senergyuse.Inthenearfuture,asmallgasolineengineandanelectricmotorwillbebroughttogether.Driverswilluseelectricityinastoragebatteryforshortdistances.Longerterm,carsmightburnhydrogenoruseafuelcellthatconvertsafuellikehydrogenandcombinesitwithoxygentocreatepower.Thenthewastewillbepurewater.64．You’llusethevoicecontrol:“Makeitabitcooler”or“findmecountrymusic”.Lighter,morereliableelectroniccontrolsreplacemechanicalcontrols.Fiberoptics(光纤)replaceelectricalwiresandlightbulbs.Seatswillbeair–conditioned.Thecarwilltravelwithonesidehigherthantheotherwhenturning,justasanairplanedoesnow.65．Carswillavoidsomeaccidentsbymaintainingsafefollowingdistances,andbysensingsleepyordrunkdrivers.Airbagswilladaptforeverypassengeraccordingtotheirsize,weight,andpositionincaseaccidentshappen.第三部分：写作（共三节，满分55分）第一节单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10）根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词，在答题卡指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确形式，每空只写一词。66.His__________(缺勤)fromschoolwascausedbyillness.67.Some__________(竹子)chairsareseenintheirsittingroom.68.Ican’t__________(集中注意力)withallthatnoisegoingon.69.Theroadandthecanalare__________(平行)toeachother.70.CharlesDarwinandAlfredRusselWallacediscoveredatheoryofevolution_______(独立).71.Ourproductsare__________(保证)tolastformanyyears.72.It’s______(令人鼓舞的)thatsomanyyoungplayersarecomingintotheteam.73.Thecompanyhasover500stores__________(遍及全国的).74.You’llneedto__________(计算)howmuchtimethetaskwilltake.75.Heisinbedwitha__________(体温)of40°C.第二节短文改错（共10小题，每小题分，满分15分）文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在此处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出修改的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从十一处起）不计分。Myclassmate,Hanks,havebeensickinhospitalforaweek.Yesterdayourclassdecidedsendhimsomeflowersandaskedmetobuytheflowers.Ihavehadahardtimegetthemsincethen.Iwenttotownimmediateafterclassyesterdayafternoononlytofindtheflowersshoptherealreadyclosed.SoIreturnedwithnothing.Icalleditmanytimesatthismorning,butthelinewasalwaysbusy.WhileIfinallygotthroughatnoon,aladysaidshewasanewhandandcannottellmetheprices.Luckily,Ihaven’tclassesthisafternoon,andIamaboutgototownagain.ImustgettheflowersforHankstoday. 第三节书面表达（满分30分）假定你是李华。在一个英文网络论坛上，你看到一个名叫Mike的中学生发帖（post）寻求帮助。请根据帖子内容、写作要点和要求回帖。