2023学年完整公开课版ions-VisitingEndangeredPlacesAroundtheWorld

ByDanaDemange

2022-4-21

VOICEONE:

I'mSteveEmber.

VOICETWO:

AndI'mFaithLapiduswithEXPLORATIONSinVOASpecialEnglish.Todaywetravelaroundtheworldvisitingseveralendangerednaturalandculturaltreasures.

SomeplaceslikeAustralia'sGreatBarrierReefandMontana'sGlacierNationalParkarethreatenedbytheeffectsofclimatechange.Otherplacesareslowlybeingdamagedbypollutionandcarelessvisitors.

Thebook"DisappearingDestinations"explainsmoreabouttheseendangeredplacesandsuggestshelpfulwaystotakeaction.

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VOICEONE:

Earlierthismonth,theObamaAdministrationcalledforincreasedprotectionoftheworld'smostsoutherncontinent,Antarctica.ScientistssayclimatechangeandhumanactivityhaveincreasinglyledtothemeltingofmassivepiecesofAntarcticice.

Thedisappearanceoficewillnotonlyaffectwildlifeintheareasuchassealsandpenguins.Themeltingwillalsocauseoceansandseasaroundtheworldtorise.

VOICETWO:

SaintMark'sSquareinVeniceisoftenflooded

Thisrepresentsamajorthreat,especiallytocoastalareas.Forexample,theancientcityofVenice,Italyhaslongbeenthreatenedbyrisingsealevels.Thesituationismadeworsebythefactthatitsancientbuildings,builtonabodyofwatercalledalagoon,areslowlysinking.Whenthecitywasfoundedaboutonethousandsixhundredyearsago,theleveloftheAdriaticSeawasalmosttwometerslowerthanitistoday.

Risingsealevelsarenottheonlythreat.ThesaltywaterisalsodestroyingVenice'sfamousbuildingsandartworks.TheItaliangovernmentistryingtofixtheproblemwiththeconstructionofasevenbilliondollarsystemofmovingfloodbarriers.

VOICEONE:

MountKilimanjaroinAmboseliNationalPark

Climatechangeisalsoleadingtothemeltingoficeinotherareas,suchasMountKilimanjaroinnortheasternTanzania.ItisthehighestpointinAfrica,measuringalmostsixthousandmeters.Themountainsupportsfivevegetationzonesandmanykindsofanimals.

Theiceglaciersonthemountainaredisappearingveryquickly.Thiswillhaveabadeffectonthemountain'secosystemsandonTanzania'stravelindustry.Also,avaluablerecordofthousandsofyearsofweatherhistorywillalsobelostiftheicemelts.

Scientistsstudypiecesofglaciertounderstandweatherpatternsfromthousandsofyearsago.

VOICETWO:

IntheUnitedStates,theicymassesinGlacierNationalParkinMontanamaysooncompletelydisappearbecauseofclimatechange.Ineighteenfifty,therewereanestimatedonehundredfiftyglaciersinthemorethanfourhundredthousandhectarepark.

Therearetwenty-sixglaciersremainingtoday.Scientistsestimatethattheglacierswillbegonebytwothousandthirty.Warmingtemperaturesarealsothreateningthemanykindsofplantsandanimalsthatliveinthismountainecosystem.

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VOICEONE:

Venice,MountKilimanjaro,GlacierNationalParkandotherthreatenedplacesaredescribedindetailinabookcalled"DisappearingDestinations:37PlacesinPerilandWhatCanBeDonetoHelpSaveThem."KimberlyLisagoreandHeatherHansenpublishedthebooklastyear.

Bothwomenarereporterswhowriteabouttravelandtheenvironment.MizLisagoresaystheybegantonoticehowrareitwastofindtravelwritingthatrecognizedenvironmentalproblemsandsolutions.So,thetwowritersmadealistofplacesthatpeopleshouldseebeforethoseplacesdisappear.

VOICETWO:

Thewriterstellaboutthegoodworkbeingdonebyscientistsandactiviststoprotecteachplace.Theywantedthebooktobeahopefulcalltoaction.MizLisagoresaystheiraimwastogivetravelersamoremeaningfulexperiencebyeducatingthemabouttheplacestheylovetovisit.

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VOICEONE:

BleachedcoralinAustralia'sGreatBarrierReef

"DisappearingDestinations"isorganizedgeographicallybycontinentalgroupings.Someofthethreatenedplacesareverywellknown.Forexample,theGreatBarrierReefinAustraliaisthelargestcoralreefsystemintheworld.

Risingseatemperaturesaregreatlyharmingthereef.Insomeareas,healthyyellow,brownandgreenreefshavebecomeableachedwhitecolor.Thecoralwhitenswhenitbecomesstressedbywarmertemperaturesandexpelsthealgaeorganismsitneedstosurvive.Sickordyingcoralaffectstheentireecosystemofthisspecialunderwaterarea.Waterpollutionandvisitsbycarelessswimmersanddiversalsothreatenthereef.

VOICETWO:

ThefamousGalapagosIslands,morethanninehundredkilometersoffthecoastofEcuador,arealsoendangered.Thisprotectedareaisknownforitsrichbiodiversityofseaandlandcreatures.Onethreattothisareaistheintroductionofforeignplantsandorganisms.Foreignplantsgrowingintheareacanupsetthebalancedecosystemsofnativeplantsandanimals.Infact,todaytherearemoreforeignplantspeciesontheislandsthantherearenativeplants.Increasingimmigrationandvisitsfromtravelersarealsodamagingthehealthoftheislands.

VOICEONE:

VineyardsintheNapaValley

"DisappearingDestinations"alsodiscussesplacesthatfaceenvironmentalthreatsthatarelesswellknown.Forexample,theNapaValleyintheAmericanstateofCaliforniaisfamousforitsfinewines.Butrisingtemperaturesarethreateningthegrapeharvestandwineindustryinthearea.Tobemadeintofinewine,somekindsofgrapesmustgrowinalimitedrangeoftemperatures.AstemperaturesriseinNapa,producersmayfindithardertoproducewineofthesamequality.However,risingtemperatureshaveimprovedthewineharvestincoolerareas.

VOICETWO:

IntheancientforestsoftheLaplandareaofFinland,manypeopleintheSaminativegroupmakealivingraisingreindeer.Samihavebeenraisingreindeerinthisareaforhundredsofyears.ButintensivelogginginthispartofFinlandhasstartedtothreatentheworkandcultureofthisgroup.Finland'sforestryagencycutsdowntreesthatareveryoldbecausetheyearnthemostmoney.

ButthisloggingalsoruinstheareaswhereSamibringtheirreindeertofeed.SomeexpertssayonlyfivepercentofFinland'sold-growthforestremains.Continuedloggingwillnotonlyaffectthenaturalenvironmentofthisbeautifulnorthernwilderness.Itcouldalsoforeverchangetheancientwayoflifeofthearea'snativeSamipeople.

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VOICEONE:

Manyendangeredplacesin"DisappearingDestinations"areculturaltreasures.Forexample,hundredsofthousandsofpeopleayearvisittheancientbuildingsofMachuPicchuinPeru.TheseIncanbuildingsfaceseveredamageifthenumberofvisitorsisnotmorecarefullycontrolled.

TheSankoremosqueinTimbuktu

And,inMali,thefamouscityofTimbuktuwasonceaculturalcapitalofWestAfrica.Buttoday,theclimateisdryingoutthefertilegrasslands.Thischangeofclimatethreatensthelocalenvironmentandthelivelihoodsofpeoplelivingthere.ThedesertificationprocessalsothreatensTimbuktu'smanyancientearthbuildings.Thesebuildingshaveinfluencedbuildingdesignersaroundtheworld.

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VOICETWO:

KimberlyLisagoresaysthatshehasbeenverypleasedbytheresponseofpeoplewhohaveread"DisappearingDestinations."ShesayssheandHeatherHansenhaveheardfromreaderswhonolongerthinkoftheplacestheyvisitaspicturesonpostcardsthatarefrozenintime.Instead,thereadersseetheseplacesaseasilydamagedandalwayschanging.

VOICEONE:

MizLisagoresayssomereadershavedecidedtoworkhardertoprotecttheenvironment.Thesepeoplelearnedthatthewaytheychoosetoliveathomehasfar-reachingeffectsontheplanet.Thebookalsoincludesalistoforganizationsworkingtoprotecttheendangeredplacesdescribed.Soreaderscanlearnmoreinformationaboutthegroupsthatinterestthem.Readerscanalsol