2023学年完整公开课版livingwell高考链接

09年高考真题详解（09湖南）1．Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere. A.wouldopen B.opened C.hadopened D.【解析】D非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。（09湖南）2.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.【解析】D考查动词不定时的用法。句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选D。（09海南）3Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat【解析】B。句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。turnto表示“转向，求助”的意思。（09上海）22.Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported【解析】C。“threatentodo威胁要做…”句意为：如果损失不赔偿的话，大卫要威胁要把邻居告到警察局。toreport表示将来的动作。（09天津）25.______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete【解析】D。句意为：为了及时完成工程，全体职工在周末仍然工作。不定时表示目的。动词不定式专讲：一、作主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：①It＋be＋名词＋todoIt‘sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.②Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?③It＋be＋形容词＋forsb＋todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.④It＋be＋形容词＋ofsb＋todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.⑤Itseems(appears)＋形容词＋todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis＋形容词＋todo句式，如：It’skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.二、作宾语⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接that引导的从句。如：Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋todo句式。如：Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.③介词but,except,besides+todo(do)在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如：Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.三、做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.②Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.③WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.四、作定语⒈不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：①ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.②Haveyouanythingtobetakentoyoursister?③Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?④Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?⑤MywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.五、不定式作补足语⒈作宾语补足语一些及物动词除要求按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相对完整。(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（强迫），encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如：①WouldyoulikemetogiveyourregardstoMary?②Iwantyoutounderstandthewholepassageclearly.(2)部分动词后常接tobe＋形容词、名词短语等形式，有时tobe可省略，如：believe,consider,discover,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understand等。①WeallbelieveJohn(tobe)honest.②Iconsiderhim(tobe)oneofthebestbiologyteachersofNo.1MiddleSchool.但当不定式是完成式时，to不能省略，如：Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to。①Ididn‘thearanyonesayanythingaboutit.②Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如第②句：Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.⒉作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语，和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。如：①Hewasnotallowedtoentertheclassroomforbeinglate.②Theyounguniversitystudentisconsideredtohavegreatpromise.六、不定式作状语⒈作目的状语(1)①Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.②Henryhasdecidedtogotothehospitaltobeexaminedbythedoctor.(2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加inorder或soas。如：Bobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoas(inorder)nottoforgetit.有时为强调目的状语可把inorderto或不定式置于句首，但soasto不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为sothat,inorderthat,成为目的状语从句，如：Istayedtheresothat(inorderthat)Icouldseewhatwouldhappen.⒉作结果状语Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneatandtidy.不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如：①so…asto;such…astoI‘mnotsostupid(afool)astoputitinwriting.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。I’mnotsuchastupidfoolastoputitinwriting.②enough…toThespeedishighenoughforustocatchupwiththefirstliner.③onlytoJanehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginthehospital.④too…toI‘mtootiredtostayuplonger.⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：Totellthetruth,theplaywasagreatdisappointmenttome.常见的短语有tobeexact（确切地说），tobeginwith（首先），todohimjustice（说句对他公道的话），tobesure（真的）等等。七、动词不定式的其它用法⒈疑问词＋不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：①WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.②Mr.Smithdidn‘tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.③IaskedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.④Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。⒉动词不定式的时态、语态(1)时态①一般式：动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示同时发生。如：Ihopetobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.（tobecome发生在hope之后）WeoftenhearDickplaythepianointhenextroom.（play和hear同时发生）②完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Wearetooyoungtohaveseentheoldsociety.③进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。如：TheteacherhappenedtobecorrectingourpaperswhenIcamein.Theyseemedtobediscussingsomethingimportant.(2)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：It‘sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary’sbirthdayparty.（不定式作主语）Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主语）Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.（不定式作宾语）Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?（不定式作定语）Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.（不定式作状语）在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：Theseisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereis