英语学法指导与基础训练

高三英语学法指导与基础训练(一)

一、谈谈阅读理解

阅读是高考的重点和难点。阅读理解在高考试卷中占分40分，如果加上完型填空题（有人称之为缺词阅读）30分，那就是70分，占了将近总分的一半。高考之所以重视阅读理解，是因为阅读是一种比较高级的语言能力，它是获取更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段。阅读能力也是做好其他题型，如听力、单项填空、短文改错和书面表达的基本因素。阅读理解的考核是在语篇中进行的，也易于考查观察、判断、推理与综合的能力。

阅读理解题一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新闻报道、议论文和应用文（如广告、产品说明、电报等）。五篇文章加上所问问题，总单词量在2000个左右，要求在35分钟内完成。阅读速度平均为每分钟60个词。

做好阅读理解题的必备条件：

1、能迅速看准每一句的结构，找出主句的主语、谓语和宾语。

2、有一定的词汇量和分辨词义词性的能力。

3、能灵活运用所学过的语法和词汇知识，对影响意思理解的复合句、非谓语动词短语、关联词语、后置定语、省略、替代和跳跃等语言现象做出正确判断。

4、有良好的思维能力。会边看边加工所得到的信息，从而做出正确的推理判断，综合概括，准确理解表面意思和深层含义。

5、会精读，也会跳读和略读。

6、具有相当的阅读实践经验和良好的语感。

7、对英美文化有一定了解。

在准备阅读理解测试时，要明确阅读的能力是靠大量阅读的实践练出来的。有志于提高阅读水平的同学，应该每天坚持读三四篇文章，日积月累，才能逐步提高阅读水平。读的时候要注意精读与泛读相结合。精读的文章力求弄懂每一句话，每一个词，必要时要请教老师，翻查词典。泛读的文章，一般是难度较小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些词甚至句子不懂也没关系，尽量不查词典，这样可以保证一定的速度和量。泛读对培养语感，提高速度有很大好处。可惜有同学不重视泛读，以为阅读就是逐字读，这其实是片面的。

二、练习与解析（1）In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplores（探险者）landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe“moonpeople”theymet.Inturn,the“moonpeople”expressedtheirsurprise.“Why,”theyasked,“areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon’tevenuseyourinnerspace?”

H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969.humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthatthe“moonpeople”askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.

Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.Insomecities,suchasTokyo,SeoulandMontreal,therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.The“Chunnel”,atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.

Butwhataboutundergroundcities?Japan’sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkofundergroundsystems,called“AliceCities.”Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparksandusingundergroundspaceforflats,offices,shopping,andsoon.Asolardome（太阳能穹顶）wouldcoverthewholecity.

Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth’sspace.Thesurface,theysay,canbeusedforfarms,parks,gardens,andwilderness.H.G.Wells’“moonpeople”wouldagree.Wouldyou?

1.TheexplorersinH.G.Wells’storyweresurprisedtofindthatthe“moonpeople”

________.

A.knewsomuchabouttheearth

B.understoodtheirlanguage

C.liveinsomanyundergroundcities

D.wereaheadoftheminspacetechnology

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”(Paragraph2)referto?

A.Discoveringthemoon’sinnerspace.

B.Usingtheearth’sinnerspace.

C.Meetingthe“moonpeople”again.

D.Travelingtoouterspace.

3.Whatsortofundergroundsystemsarealreadyherewithus?

A.Offices,shoppingareas,powerstations.

B.Tunnels,carparks,shoppingareas.

C.Gardens,carparks,powerstations.

D.Tunnels,gardens,offices.

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AliceCities—citiesofthefuture

B.SpacetravelwithH.G.Wells

C.Enjoylivingunderground

D.Buildingdown,notup

1.C2.B3.B4.D

1.解答本题时，可从开头段中theexplorers登上月球后的发现找出线索：…theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities，也就是本题题干与选项C结合而成的说法：Theexplorers…tofindthatthe“moonpeople”livedinsomanyundergroundcities。

2.注意此句重心在后，强调的是：…youdon’tevenuseyourinnerspace，也即选项B所说的Usingtheearth’sinnerspace。

3.通过跳读迅速将探索范围缩小到第3段，其主题句即为Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace，然后列出这些systems的名称：carparks,largeundergroundshoppingareas,atunnel。（2）LONDON(Reuters)—Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGoldprefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.

“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides（农药）,andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally（本地）grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported（进口）tomeetgrowingdemand.“Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfastgrowingmarket,”saidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.

1.MoreandmorepeopleinBritainarebuyingorganicfoodbecause_______.

A.theyaregettingricher

B.theycangetthefoodanywhere

C.theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution

D.theylikehome-grownfruit

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruetothefactsaboutmostorganicproducesold

inBritain?

A.Itgrowsindoorsallyearround.

B.ItisproducedoutsideBritain.

C.Itisgrownonfamilyfarms.

D.Itisproducedonlargefarms.

3.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?

A.growinginterestinorganicfood

B.betterqualityoforganicfood

C.risingmarketfororganicfood

D.higherpricesoforganicfood

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthisnewsstory?

A.Organicfood—healthy,orjustforthewealthy?

B.ThemakingoforganicfoodinBritain

C.Organicfood—toimportornot?

D.Goodqualitiesoforganicfood

1.C2.B3.A4.A

1.Gold的话代表了英国消费者的认识，“…Thefoodisfreeofpesticides…”也就是：theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution.

2.短文中与MostorganicproducesoldinBritain产地相关的内容，排除干扰选项，选定最佳答案。

3.本题四个选项中均包含organicfood（与主题相关，错误选项因而会构成干扰），但从所在句看，buyingintotheorganictrend的主语是(agrowingnumberof)shoppers，越来越多的人开始购买这种食品，当然意味着(theshoppers)haveshownagrowinginterestinorganicfood。选项A表达的正是这样一种形势，应为最佳答案。

4.Organicfood---healthy（虽与人们所知有些出入，但大体如此）；orjustforthewealthy?短文中有shoppersarewillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce，与此相符。（3）THEATRE

CityVarieties

TheHeadrow,Leeds.Tel.430808

Oct10–11onlyAnightattheVarieties.AllthefunofanoldmusichallwithBarryGryer,DuggleBrown,6dancers,Mystina,JonBarker,AnneDuvalandtheTonyHarrisonTrio.Laughagainattheoldjokesandlistentoyourfavouritesongs.

Performances:8pmnightly.

Admission:￡5；under16orover60:￡4.

YorkTheatreRoyal

StLeonard’sPlace,York.Tel.223568

Sept23–Oct17GropingforWords–acomedybySueTownsend.BestknownforherAdrianMoleDiaries,Townsendnowwritesaboutaneveningclasswhichtwomenandawomanattend.Agentlecomedy.

Admission:Firstnight,Mon:￡2；Tues–Fri:￡–；Sat:￡–

HalifaxPlayhouse

King’sCrossStreet,Halifax.Tel365998

Oct10–17OnGoldenPondbyErnestThompson.Thisisamagicalcomedyaboutrealpeople.Abeautifullyproduced,well-actedplayforeveryone.Don’tmissit.

Performances:7:30pm.

Admission:￡2.Mon:2seatsforthepriceofone.

GrandTheatre

OxfordStreet,Leeds.Tel.502116

RestaurantandCafé.

Oct1–17TheSecretDiaryofAdrianMole,Aged13.SueTownsend’smusicalplay,basedonherbest-sellingbook.

Performances:Evenings7:45.October10–17,at2:30pm.NoMondayperformances.

Admission:Tues-Thurs: