八年级英语Unit8Howwasyourschooltrip人教版知识精讲

初二英语Unit8Howwasyourschooltrip?人教版（新目标）【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：Unit8Howwasyourschooltrip?一.单元目标：1.学习询问和谈论过去发生的事情。2.通过调查了解全班同学上周末的活动。3.通过描写“难忘的假日”，“秋游…”和日记摘抄，学习谈论过去发生的事情。二.语言结构：1.规则动词和不规则动词的一般过去式。2.一般过去时的肯定句和否定句。3.Didyou,Werethere引导的一般疑问句。三.重点词汇：1.aquarium n.水族馆2.sciencecenter科学中心3.giftshop礼品商店4.seal n.海豹5.shark n.鲨鱼6.octopus n.章鱼7.autograph n.亲笔签名8.win v.获胜，赢9.ate v.（eat的过去式）吃10.took v.（take的过去式）乘坐、花费11.hungout（hangout）外出12.gotv.（get的过去式）得到13.goforadrive开车兜风14.sleeplate 睡得晚15.yardsale 现场旧货出售16.dayoff 放假四.重点短语：1.takephotos 照相2.attheaquarium 在水族馆3.winaprize 获得奖品4.ontheschooltrip 在学校旅行5.haveagreattime 玩得愉快6.watchadolphinshow 看一场海豚表演7.afterthat 那以后8.attheendof… 在…结束 在…末尾9.onthedayoff 在假日里10.allday 一整天11.comebackfrom… 在…回来五.重难点解析：1.复习一般过去时一般过去时态是谈论过去最常用的时态，它可以表示短暂而很快就完的动作和事情，时间较长的动作和状况以及重复发生的事情，句中通常有明确的一般过去时的时间状语。（1）常见的一般过去时时间状语：yesterday昨天 lastmonth上个月lastyear去年 anhourago一小时前justnow刚才 thedaybeforeyesterday前天amomentago刚才 inthepast从前（2）be动词的过去时变化形式：was，单数；were，复数（you表示“你”也用were）.（3）一般过去时的陈述句和疑问句形式。陈述句形式同一般现在时形式一样，只须将be动词改为过去时即可。疑问句形式：be动词过去时的一般疑问句，须将was或were提至主语前。回答用Yes或No。请见下列例句：<1>－Wereyouatschoolyesterday?昨天你在学校吗？－Yes,Iwas.（肯定回答）－No,Iwasn’t.（否定回答）<2>Iwasnotatschoolyesterday.昨天我不在学校。<3>Iwasillathome.我生病呆在家里。如果陈述句中的动词为一般过去时的实义动词，变成疑问句时要用助动词do的过去一般式did帮助构成，这时谓语动词用动词原形。请见下列例句：<4>Wehaddifferentkindsofseafoodyesterday?昨天我们吃了各种不同的海鲜。改为一般疑问句为：Didyouhavedifferentkindsofseafoodyesterday?昨天你们吃了各种不同的海鲜了吗？关于be动词，行为动词，therebe结构的一般过去时的肯定式，否定式，疑问式及简略答语，请参看下表。动词肯定式否定式beIwas…He（She,It）was…We（You,They）were…Iwasnot（wasn’t）…He（She,It）wasnot（wasn’t）…We（You,They）werenot（weren’t）…workI（You,He,She,It,We,You,They）worked.I（You,He,She,It,We,You,They）didnot（didn’t）work.therebeTherewas…Therewere…Therewasnot（wasn’t）…Therewerenot（weren’t）…疑问式和简略答语动词第一人称第二人称第三人称wasI…?Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Wereyou…?Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Washe（she,it）…?Yes,he（she,it）was.No,he（she,it）wasnot.beWerewe…?Yes,we（you）were.No,we（you）werenot.Wereyou…?Yes,wewere.No,wewerenot.Werethey…?Yes,theywere.No,theywerenot.DidIwork?Yes,youdid.No,youdidnot.Didyouwork?Yes,Idid.No,Ididnot.Didhe（she,it）work?Yes,he（she,it）did.No,he（she,it）didnot.workDidwework?Yes,we（you）did.No,we（you）didnot.Didyouwork?Yes,wedid.No,wedidnot.Didtheywork?Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.therebeWastherea/any…?Yes,therewas.No,therewasnot.Werethereany…?Yes,therewere.No,therewerenot.关于动词的过去式构成及发音（1）规则变化构成规则例词一般动词原形末尾加-edhelp－helpedwatch－watchedplay－played结尾是e的动词加-ddecide－decidedlike－likedlive－lived末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstop－stoppedplan－plannedfit－fitted结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edcarry－carriedworry－worriedstudy－studied（2）不规则变化have/has→had come→came do/does→didgo→went read→read/red/ know→knew/nju:/find→found drive→drove hear→heardsee→saw meet→met fly→flewbuy→bought drink→drank forget→forgotfeel→felt give→gave leave→leftgrow→grew keep→kept有些词形不发生变化：let－let cut－cut shut－shutput－put hit－hit hurt－hurtcost－cost beat－beat2.win v.（won,won）赢，获胜表示在强的竞争中取得了胜利，它常跟的宾语有game,war,prize,fame,battle等。eg:HewontheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1921.他在一九二一年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖金。Whichsidewon?哪一边胜了？3.hang v.“挂”，“吊、绞”，一词多义，并且有两个过去式形式，要注意：hang－hanged,hanged意为“绞死，吊死”hang－hung,hung意为“悬挂、垂吊”eg:Hewashangedontheneck.他被处于绞刑。Thepicturewashungonthewall.图画挂在墙上。4.look,see,watch都有“看”的意思，但用法不一。（1）look（at）意味着集中注意力地看，是有意的、强调动作，look是不及物动词，如果跟宾语，要和at连用。eg:Pleaselookattheblackboard.请看黑板。Theoldmanwaslookingathimfromheadtofoot.这位老人从头到脚地看着他。（2）see强调结果，意为“看见、看到”eg:Ilookedbutsawnothing.我看了，但什么也没看见。Wewenttoseesealsontheschooltrip.学校旅行时我们去看了海豹。（3）watch表示所看事物的变化，意为“观看”。eg:Wewatchedthatboyswim.我们观看那个男孩游泳。Thestudentswatchedamovieaboutdolphins.学生们看了一场海豚的电影。5.Thatsoundsinteresting.那听起来很有趣。此句中sound作系动词，后接形容词、名词，意为“听起来…”eg:（1）Thatsoundsreallyboring.那听起来真的令人厌烦。sound用作系动词，后接like构成短语soundlike，意为“听起来像”（2）Yourdecisionsoundslikeagoodone.你的决定听起来很好。sound作系动词后接形容词作表语的还有look,smell,taste,feel等。六.课文解析SA3aClass9hadagreattimeontheschooltrip.TheywenttoBlueWaterAquariumfortheday.FirsttheyvisitedtheVistors’Centerandwatchedaboutsharks.Thentheywatchedadolphinshow.Afterthat,theywenttotheOutdoorPoolandsawabigoctopus.Afterlunch,theywenttotheGiftShopandboughtlotsofgifts.Finally,tiredbuthappy,theytookthebusbacktoschool.Attheendoftheday,thescienceteacherwasveryhappybecausethestudentscleanedthebusafterthetrip.1.had（have）agreat/goodtime.玩得愉快。2.tripn.意为“旅行”它的同义词有tour,traveltrip指短距离的旅行，常回到原出发地，不强调旅行的方式或目的。tour指“周游”，“巡回旅行”，常常是访问一系列地方后又回到原出发地。travel常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体的目的地。eg:OurfriendsaremakingatourofShanghai.我们的朋友正对上海进行巡回旅行。Hecamebackhomeafteryearsofforeigntravel.在多年的国外旅行后他回了家。3.Finally,tiredbuthappy,theytookthebusbacktoschool.最后，他们虽然很累，但他们很高兴，他们乘坐公共汽车返回了学校。七.重点句型：1.Didyougotothezoo?2.No,Ididn’t.Iwenttotheaquarium.3.Didyouseeanyseals?4.Yes,Isawsomeseals.5.Werethereanysharks?6.No,thereweren’tanysharks.【模拟试题】（答题时间：90分钟）一.翻译下列词组：1.昨天下午_________ 2.前天_________3.昨晚_________ 4.上个月_________5.去年夏天_________ 6.看录像_________7.整天_________ 8.开车兜风_________9.获得奖金_________ 10.买纪念品_________二.选择填空：1.Aftertwohoursthechildrengottothehill,tired_________happy.A.and B.but C.although D.however2.Whichteam_________thegameyesterday?A.took B.wanted C.visited D.won3._______didyouspendyourvocationlastsummer?A.When B.Who C.Where D.What4.Iwentoutand________intheriver.A.swim B.swam C.swimming D.toswim5.Themusicsounds_______,Ilikeitverymuch.A.good B.well C.bad D.beautifully6.I________late__________classyesterdaymorning.A.was,for B.was,to C.am,for D.am,to7.－_______didtheyplaygames?－Fortwohours.A.Whattime B.When C.Howlong D.Howoften8.TomorrowIhaveadayoff,soIwantto_______.A.takeaclass B.hangoutwithmyfriendsC.takesaclass D.hangsoutwithmyfriends9.Class4wenttothe________toseesomesharks.A.cinema B.aquarium C.park D.movie10.－Whendidyougotobedlastnight?－About11o’clock.I_______.A.sleptearly B.sleptlateC.gotupearly D.getupearly三.按要求写出下列各词：1.visit________（过去式）2.photo________（复数）3.take________（反义词）4.put________（过去式）5.pour________（现在分词）6.win________（过去式）7.gift________（同义词）8.fun________（形容词）9.begin________（同义词）10.wild________（比较级）11.athletic________（比较级）12.where________（同音词）13.near________（反义词）14.leave________（过去式）15.she________（名词性物主代词）16.sick________（同义词）17.right________（同音词）18.foot________（复数）19.they________（宾格）20.knife________（复数）四.看图补全对话：Kevin:So,Tina,what1didyoudo?Tina:Youwon’tbelieveit,butImetJakeDean!Kevin:JackDean,thefamousactor?Youreally2him?Tina:Yes!Heismaking3movieattheaquarium.Kevin:Wow.Didyougethisautograph?Tina:4,Ididn’t.Lauradid.ButItookhisphoto.5itis.Kevin:Wow.6thereotheractorsthere?Tina:No.We7sawJake.Look,here’sToby.He8aprizeinthe9Kevin:Didyouwinthathat?Tina:No,Ididn’t.Ibought10.五.连词组句：1.had,we,week,finally,school,day,this,from,aoff____________________________________2.sandwich,do,turkey,how,you,a,make?____________________________________3.sale,no,weather,bad,one,because,came,was,the,the,to,so.____________________________________4.many,at,there,the,were,actors,aquarium____________________________________5.a,had,students,terrible,trip,school,the____________________________________六.根据首字母提示拼写单词，完成下列短文。DearTony,Howwasyourdayo_______（1）?Didyouhavefunc______（2）？Ididn’thaveaveryfunday.Ivisitedmycousins.Itrainedallday.Inthemorning,Is_____（3）inthehouseandwatchedv______（4）,playedcomputerg______（5）,andread.Intheafternoon,UncleMartinputsomeofhisoldthingsoutinthey______（6）andhadayardsale!Unfortunately,itwaskindofb______（7）.Noonecametothesaleb______（8）theweatherwassobad.Seeyousoon.Nick七.阅读理解：（A）Youwanttoknowaboutlifeinthepast.Right?Icantellyou.WhenIwasaboy,thingsweredifferent.Ihadtogetupatsixeverymorning.Thatwasnotverybadinsummer,butinwinteritwascold.Andwedidn’thaveanyhotwaterinthehouse.Wehadtowashincoldwater.Wedidn’thaveabathroom（浴室）.Mydadhadsomechickens.Ihadtofeed（喂养）themeverymorningandthenIhadtowalktoschoolwithmylittlesister.Itwasabouttwomiles（英里）toschoolandabouttwomilesbackintheevening.Butitalwaysseemedlongerinthemorningwhenweweregoingtoschool.Therewasabus,butwedidn’thaveanymoney.Andwehadtogotobedateleveno’clockeverynightbecauseIhadtoomuchhomeworkandhouseworktodo.Wecouldn’twatchTVbecausetherewasn’tany.OnSundayswehadtogotochurch（教堂）threetimes－morning,afternoonandevening.Andwecouldn’tplayoutsideonSundays.Butitwasn’tallbad.Wehadsomegoodtimes（时光）.Wecouldgooutandourparentsdidn’thavetoworryaboutus.Thereweren’tsomanycarsontheroadsthen,sothestreetsweresafetoplayin.Andtherewerenotmanyrobbersandthievesinthosedays.Wehadtoworkhardandweweren’tabletobuyallthosethingsintheshopstoday.Lifewashard,butitwassimple（单纯的）andpeoplewerehappier.Idon’tthinkI’dliketobeyoungtoday.（）1.Thewriterusuallywenttobed_________everynight.A.atsix B.ateight C.atnine D.ateleven（）2.Thewriterwalkedabout________everyday.A.twomiles B.threemiles C.fourmiles D.fivemiles（）3.Everymorningthewriterhadtofeed_______.A.hislittlesister B.hislovelydogC.hischickens D.hisfather’schickens（）4.Thewriterhada_______but_______family.A.rich;happy B.poor;happy C.hard;poor D.rich;hard（）5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Thewriterhadalittlesister.B.Thewritercouldn’ttaketheschoolbus.C.ThewriterandhissisterneverhadanygoodtimesD.Thewritehadtogetupatsix（B）Once,whenTomwasaboy,hismotherwentoutforapicnic.Beforesheleft,shesaidtohim.“Tom,whileIamaway,staynearthedoorandwatchitallthetime!”Shesaidthisbecausetherewerealotofthievesintheirtown.Tomsatdownbesidethedoor.Afteranhour,oneofhisunclescame.HeaskedTom,“Where’syourmother?”“Atapicnic,”Tomanswered.“Well,”saidhisuncle.“We’regoingtovisityourhousethisevening.Goandtellyourmother.”Hisunclethenwentaway,andTombegantothink,“Mothersaid,‘Watchthedoorwellallthetime!’andunclesaid,‘Goandtellyourmother.’”Hethoughtandthought,then,atlast,hepulledthedoordown,putitonhisbackandwenttohismotherwithit.根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。（）1.OnedayTom’smotherwentoutforawalkwithTom.（）2.ShetoldTomnottoleavehomeandwatchthedoor.（）3.Tomstayedfarfromthedoorandwatchedit.（）4.Therewerenotanythievesintheirtown.（）5.Afterhismotherleft,oneofhisunclescame.（）6.Hisuncletoldhimnottowatchthed