2021届北京朝阳区2018级高三上学期期中考试英语试卷及答案

2021届北京市朝阳区2018级高三上学期期中考试英语试卷★祝考试顺利★（含答案）（考试时间90分钟满分100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节,25分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OneMothertoAnotherOnWednesdayevening,ourdaughter,whowasataboardingschoolover200kilometersaway,toldusthatshehadlostherphonewhenshetookpartinanactivityoffcampus.Werealizedthatwehadlittlechanceoffindingit.Thenextmorning,myphonebeeped（哗哗响）loudly.Akindvoiceannouncedthatshehadsomethingthatbelongedtomydaughter.I1thatIlivedathree-hourdriveaway,andtoldherIwouldaskafriendtofetchthephone.Mydaughterhadwrittenmynumberontheinsideofherphone,scase—goodthinking!AftercontactingthepeopleIknowwholivedneartheschool,Iwasoutof2一noonecouldgoand3thephone,notsurprisinglyasitwastheworkingdayandeveryonewasbusy.Idecidedtoasktheladytopostthephonetomydaughter.ButwhenIsentheratexttoaskifthiswouldbeOK,shereplied,“Wewill4itandwe,regoingtodrivedowntotheboardingschooltonight.”Tomy5 ,thiswonderfulcouple,whohadalreadyspentabusydayatwork,wasmakingaroundtriponthenight,6forreturningaphonetoacompletestranger.Howtouchingitwas!Igavethemdirectionsandthey7thephoneintothehandsofmydaughteratherboardinghouse.Theonlywordofanexplanationwas,“Tvegotchildrenofmyown,andIknowhowamother8 .Wehadthoughtthatthechanceofgettingbackthephonewas9 ,butwegotitbackinsuchashorttime.Itwasawonderfulreminderofthegoodintheworldandhowtheactionsofonepersoncan10theworldtoanother.1.A.suggestedB.reportedC.explainedD.argued2.A.dateB.luckC.workD.control3.A.pickupB.carryoutC.handinD.giveaway4.A.findB.showC.missD.take5.A.regretB.surpriseC.amusementD.disappointment6.A.especiallyB.certainlyC.definitelyD.probably7.A.conductedB.arrangedC.deliveredD.identified8.A.doubtsB.interestsC.predictsD.worries9.A.freeB.slimC.hardD.fair10.A.tellB.faceC.meanD.join第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AIlovemycampusverymuch.IthasalotofbuildingstraditionalinChinesestylebutmoderninequipment.Havingclassesinthemalways__11__(make)mefeelexcitedwiththebusyworldandrelaxedaboutthelonghistoryofournation.Outofthehousesarebeautifulgardens__12__(surround)bytrees.Inthemorning,wereadaloudbythelakeorbehindthehill.TheairissofreshandsweetthatveryoftenIthinkhow__13__(luck)Iamtostudyinsuchabeautifulcampus.BWhalesusesoundtogetinformationaroundthem.Byconstantly__14__(send)out

soundsthathitunderwaterobjectsandcomeback,whalesreceiveinformation.Thiswayofusingsoundiscalledsonar.Recently,scientistshavefoundthatwhales__15__(harm)bythepowerfulsonarcomingfromships.Thisproblemisbeingstudied,andpeople,slevelofawarenessoftheproblemis__16__(high)thaneverbefore.Nowshipsaroundtheworldaretryingtobemorecarefulwhenusingsonar.CRuleshelpuslivetogetherinacommunity.Atmylocalpark,thereisasignthatreads,“Keepoffthegrass.”Becauseourcommunityhasaneedforanicegreenspace__17__(relax),weareexpectedtokeepourparkcleanandingoodconditionforeveryone,senjoyment.Ifonepersonbreakstherules,morepeople__18__(follow)himanddowhattheywant.Inacommunity,rulesareinplacetoprotecteveryone.Whatwedoand__19__weactaffecteveryone,notjustourselves.Weneedrulesinordertolive__20__(safe).第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ArbeiaRomanFort(城堡)andMuseumLocationandHistoryArbeiaRomanFortissituatedonWall.ItwasthemostimportantstructuretheRomansinBritain,andnowithasbeenHeritage(遗产)Site.BuiltaroundAD160,RomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldierswhowerestationedalongHadrian,sWall.Theforthasbeengraduallyuncoveredandsomeoriginalpartshavebeenrevealed.TherearereconstructionsthatshowhowArbeiaRomanFortwouldhavelooked.TheReconstructionsThereconstructionsoftheCommandingOfficer,shouseandsoldiers,quartersarestrikinglydifferent.Theaccommodationforsoldiersisdarkanduncomfortable,whiletheCommandingOfficer,shouseisspaciousandluxurious,withcourtyardswithfountainsforhimandhisfamilytoenjoy.TheMuseumVisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime.Youwillseeweapons,tools,jewellery,andsoon.YoucanalsodiscoverhowtheRomansburiedtheirdeadandseetombstones（墓碑）whichsurvivetothisday.Thereisa“hands-on”areaallowingvisitorstodigonacertainsiteandstudytheirfindingswiththehelpofmuseumstaff.Youcanpiecetogetherpottery陶器），ortrywritingjustastheRomanswouldhavedone.Forchildren,theycanbuildthisancientRomanfortwithbuildingblocksbythemselves.■♦■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■♦■■■■■■■・・■ ・♦■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■♦■■■■■■■・・■ ・♦■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■♦■■■■■■■・・■ ・♦■■■■■TOC\o"1-5"\h\zOpeningTimesandGettingThere jApril1-October31: 1MondaytoSaturday10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm. ■November1-March31: ：MondaytoSaturday11:00am-4:00pm,closedSunday.（ClosedDecember25-26andJanuary\1） !Entryisfree. :Arbeiaisonlyaten-minutewalkfrom the bus station atSouthShields.Freecarparknearby. ■Website: ：.uk/arbeia21.Accordingtothepassage,ArbeiaRomanFort.A.wasrelatedtothemilitarygotreconstructionsaroundAD160A.wasrelatedtothemilitarywasbuiltinasmallareainRomeD.providedacomfortablelifeforsoldiersWhatcanvisitorsdointhemuseum?A.Seehistoricalobjects. B.Buildtombstonesforthedead.C.WritetoancientRomans. D.Tryusingoldtoolsandweapons.WhattimedoesArbeiaRomanFortclose?A.OnApril1.B.OnOctober31. C.OnNovember1.D.OnDecember26.BLearningtosay“yes,and”WhenIfirstheardabouttheimprovisation（即兴交流）class,Iwashesitating.Asaquietandshygirl,Ifearedimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencecommunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedlikeaperfectopportunitytolearnhowtospeakandcommunicatewithotherseffectively.Isignedup,knowingtheexperiencewouldgivemehelp.Duringourfirstclass,welearnedanimportantconceptofimprovisatn:“yes,and."Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,we’dbetteracceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos（犀牛）arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;wsay“yes”andthencontinuewiththesceneasifnothingiswrong.Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorecomfortableandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ibecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andcommunicatingclearlyinthemoment.OncewhenIwasgivingapresentationaboutmyscience,anaudiencemembersurprisedmewithaquestionthatdidn,tgrowoutoftheinformationI,dpresented.Insteadofgettingconfusedandnervous,Itookthe“yes,and“approach一acceptingthequestionandlettingmymindfocusonwhyitwasasked.Thathelpedmefindanappropriateanswer.Igotprettyexcitedaboutit.Thebenefitsofimprovisationgobeyondcommunication.Beforeattendingtheclass,Iwouldgetstuckwhenmyexperimentsproducedunexpecteddata,thinkingthatIhadmadeamistake.Butnow,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Iwillstayopentothepossibilitythattheresultsarereal,keepexploringthedataandendupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatisn,tbehavingasexpected.Ithinkallscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit,sworthfindingoutwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Asscientists,ourjobisn,ttochallengedatathatsupportapreconceived先入为主的）story,buttosay“yes,and.”Whydidtheauthorattendtheimprovisationclass?Togetadifferentexperience.TofinishherPh.D.atuniversity.Togiveupherjobasasciencecommunicator.Toimproveherspeakingandcommunicatingability.Whatwastheauthor,schangeafterattendingtheimprovisationclass?Sheformedherownideaquickly.Shecameupwithlotsofcreativeresponses.Shepaidmoreattentiontothelogicofanswers.Shebecameagoodlistenerbeforegivinganopinion.Theauthormentionsapplyingthe“yes,and”approachtoherscientificexperimentsto.explaintheprocessofusingthemethodprovethebenefitsoftheimprovisationclassshareherownresearchexperienceswithreadersattractfellowscientiststoattendtheimprovisationclass27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutscientistsfromthelastparagraph?Theyshouldattendtheimprovisationclass.Theyshouldquestionallpreconceivedideas.Theyshouldcarryonresearchbyadmittingearlierdata.Theyshouldtrytoimprovetheirprofessionalknowledge.C

SuccessandRiskinExtremeSportsWhatisitthatdrivessometotakeextremerisks,whiletherestofushurryforthesafetyofthesidelines?LesterKeller,sports-psychologyexpert,saysthatnoteveryonehasthementalmakeuptodowellinextremesports.Henotesthatmostofushitanaturalceilingthatlimitsourappetiteforextremeriskintrickyconditions.Butothershaveamuchhighertoleranceforrisk.Kellerpointstoatopskiracer.HetoldKellerthat“thehighelementofriskmakesyoufeelalive,testswhatyouaremadeofandhowfaryoucantakeyourself”.Hesaidhewouldgetnervousonsomeofthecourses,butthatthiswouldjustmakehimfightmore.Psychologistsnotethatsomepeopleseemtohaveastrongdesireforadrenaline（肾上腺素）rushesasabehaviorseekingexcitedfeelings.Likemanyextremeathletes,EmilyCook,sappetiteforriskappearedatayoungage.“Iwasagymnast,”shesaid.“Iwasoneofthosekidswhoenjoyedanddidwellatanythingwhereyouwereupsidedown.”Asshestarteddoinghardertricks,shewasdrawntothechallenge.“Therearemomentswhenyou,reuptheredoinganewtrickanditseemslikeanimpossiblething.Butovercomingthatisjustthecoolestfeelingintheworld.”ShaneMurphy,sportsprofessor,hasworkedwithgroupsclimbingEverest.“Tome,thatjustseemsliketheheightofrisk,”hesaid.“Buttothemitwasthenextstepinanactivitythatthey,vepreparedforyears.”Murphysaidtheviewofextremeathletesisdifferentfromourown.“Welookatariskysituationandknowthatifwewereinthatsituationwewouldbeoutofcontrol.Butfomtheathletes,view,theyhavealotofcontrol,andtherearemanythingsthattheydotominimizerisk.”Anotheraspectofriskperception认知）maybesomethingreferredtoas“theflow”,astateinwhichmanyathletesbecomeabsorbedintheactsthatfocusthemindcompletelyonthepresent.“Somethingthatmakesyoutrydoingatougherclimbthanusual,perhaps,isthatyouradrenalineflowsandyoubecomeveryconcentratedonwhatyou,redoing,”Murphysays.“Afterit,sover,there,sgreatexcitement.”Peopleofdifferentskilllevelsexperiencetheflowatdifferenttimes.Somemayalwaysbedriventoadventuresthatothersconsiderextreme.“Icanenjoyhittingatennisballaround,becausethat,smyskilllevel,”Murphysays.“ButothersmightneedthechallengeofOlympiccompetition.”Byusingtheterm“naturalceiling”inParagraph2,LesterKellerpointsoutthat.extremeathletesmustlearnspecialskillsextremeathleteshavechancestotakerisksmanypeopledon,twanttodoextremesportsmanypeoplecan,tlimitdesireforextremesportsWhatdoesShaneMurphythinkaboutthemountainclimbershementions?Theyputinlotsofpreparationforchallenges.Theyaremorefortunatethanothersportspeople.Theycarrylittleriskwhenfacingbigchallenges.Theyhavespecialreasonsthatotherscan,teasilyunderstand.WhatmainpointismadeinParagraph5?Extremeathletesusetechniquesotherpeopledon,tuse.Non-athletesareprobablywisenottotryextremesports.Mostpeoplelackthefocusrequiredtotakebiggerrisks.Acertainstateofmindmakesattemptinganactivitymorelikely.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.risk-takingissomethingyoueithernaturallydooravoidthosewhotakerisksaremorelikelytobesuccessfulinlifeextremeathletesaredrivenbyaneedtobebetterthanotherstakingpartinextremesportsisnotasdifficultaspeoplethinkDRoundandRoundTheyGoSpaceisbecomingmorecrowded.Quiteafewlow-Earth-orbit（LEO）satelliteshavebeenlaunchedintothesky,whicharedesignedtomovearoundtheEarthonlyafewhundredkilometresaboveitssurface.SpaceXandOneWebplantolaunchLEOsatellitesintheirthousands,nothundreds,todoublethetotalnumberofsatellitesinorbit（轨道）by2027.ThatpromisestochangethingsonEarth.LEOsatellitescanbringInternetconnectivitytoplaceswhereitisstillunavailable.Thiswillalsobeasourceofnewdemandforthespaceeconomy.MorganStanley,abank,projectsthatthespaceindustrywillgrowfrom$350billionin2016tomorethan$1.1trillionby2040.NewInternetsatelliteswillaccountforhalfthisincrease.Forthattohappen,however,threeworriesmustbeovercome.Debris（碎片）isthemostfamiliarconcern.Whenenoughsatelliteswerepackedintolow-Earthorbits,anycollision（碰撞）couldcauseachainreactionwhichwouldeventuallydestroyallspaceships.OnesolutionistograbthesatelliteswithproblemsandpullthemdownintotheEarth,satmosphere.Anotheristomonitorspacemorecloselyfordebris.Buttechnologyisonlypartoftheanswer.Rulesareneededtodealwitholdsatellitessafelyfromlow-Earthorbits.Cyber（网络的）-securityisasecond,long-standingworry.Hackers（黑客）couldtakecontrolofasatelliteandstealintellectualproperty,redirectdataflowsorcauseacollision.Thesatelliteindustryhasbeenslowtorespondtosuchconcerns.Butasmoreoftheworld,spopulationcomestorelyonthespaceforaccesstotheInternet,theneedforactionwillintensify.Measureswillsurelybetakentoprotectnetworksecurity.Thethirdissuefollowsfromthefirsttwo.Ifthereisasimplemistakeoracyber-attack,itmaycauseachainreactionwhichwipesouthundredsofbillionsofdollarsofinvestment.Whoisresponsibleforthat?Nowtheplansoffirmswishingtooperatelargenumbersofsatellitesarebeingstudied.Butthereisalongwaytogobeforetherisksarewellunderstood,letalonepriced.Asspacebecomesmorecommercialized,mind-bendingprospectsopenup:packagesmovedacrosstheplanetinminutesbyrocketratherthanbyplane,equipmentsenttoothersmallplanets,passengerslaunchedintoorbitandbeyond.Allthatandmoremaycome,oneday.ButsuchactivitieswouldraisethesamequestionsasLEOsatellitesdo.Theymustbeansweredbeforethespaceeconomycantrulydevelop.WhatcanwelearnaboutLEOsatellitesfromthepassage?Theyaresupposedtolimitthespaceeconomy.Theyareexpectedtoincreaseinlargenumbers.TheyaredesignedtomovebeyondtheEarthasfaraspossible.TheyaremainlyintendedtobringInternetconnectivitytoremoteareas.Todealwithdebrisinspace,theauthorsuggests.dependingentirelyonthemoderntechnologymonitoringthemovementofspaceshipscarefullystrengtheningrulestoremoveoldsatellitessafelydestroyingallthesatelliteswithproblemsinstantlyWhatdoestheunderlinedword“intensify”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Measure. B.Increase. C.Spread. D.Repeat.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardthelaunchofLEOsatellites?It should be furtherconfirmed foritsownership.It should be continuedbecause ofitsadvantages.It should be donecarefullyto avoidpotentialrisks.It should be stoppedinfaceofthespaceeconomy.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OurAmazingHandsThehandiswherethemindmeetstheworld.Weuseourhandstobuildfires,toflyairplanes,andtowrite.Thehumanbrain,withitsopen-endedcreativity,maybethethingthatmakesthehumanraceunique.Butwithouthands,alltheideaswethinkupwouldcometonothing.36Studyitcarefully,youwillfindsomethinginteresting.Thethumb（拇指）aloneiscontrolledbynineseparatemuscles.Thewristisagroupofbonesandmusclesconnectedwithnerves神经）.Thenervessendbranchesintoeachfingertip,whichmakesthefingersextremelyflexible.37Earlyhandsseemedmoreunusualandinterestingthananyhandtoday.Someanimalshadsevenfingers.Othershadeight.Butbythetimevertebrates（脊椎动物）appeared340millionyearsago,thehandhaddevelopedtoonlyfivefingers.38Nevertheless,therearestillmanydifferenttypesofhandsinlivinganimals.Afteryearsofresearch,scientistsarebeginningtounderstandthemolecular（分子的）changesinhands.39Thismakesthehandsofdifferentanimalsverysimilar.Thereisanetworkofmanygenes基因）thatbuildsahand,andallhandsarebuiltonthatnetwork.Thediscoveryhasgivenscientistsadeeperunderstandingofthedevelopmentofhands.Abird,swingandalion,spaw（爪）mayappeartohavenothingincommon.40Itmayjustbealittlemoreofoneprotein蛋白）here,alittlelessofanotherthere.Inthepast,scientistscouldrecognizeonlytheoutwardsignsthathandshaddevelopedfromacommonancestor.Todayscientistsareuncoveringtheinwardsignsaswell.Handscanoftenbeusedforanumberofdifferentpurposes.Theyalsoseethatallhandsstartoutinmuchthesameway.Ithaskeptthatnumberforreasonsscientistsdon,tyetknow.Noonewoulddoubtthatthefivefingersaredifferentwitheachother.Butthedifferencebetweenthemmaycomedowntoatinychangeinform.Thereasonwecanuseourhandsforsomanythingsistheirspecialstructure.Soyoucanseeaskilledwatchmakerusehishandstosetspringsinplaceunderamicroscope.第三部分：书面表达（共两节,35分）第一节（共4小题；第1-3题每小题3分，第4题6分，共15分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。FoodasCommunicationWeusuallyunderstandwhensomeonespeaksorwritestous,andmanygesturesFC势)andfacialexpressionshavemeaning,too.Buthaveyoueverconsideredwhatandhowweeatasaformofcommunication?Inmanycultures,peoplesittogetherandsharefoodatmealtimes,whichisacommontraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsoplayanimportantroleinafamilyorculture,scelebrations.Thefoodweeat一andwhenandhowweeatthem-areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenareaswithinonecountry.Inmostcultures,breadrepresentsdeliciousfood.Itisalsooneofthemostcommonlysharedfoodsintheworld.Sharingbreadisacommonsymbolofcompanionshipandtogetherness.Infact,thewordcompanioncomesfromtheLatinrootscom-(together)andpanis(bread).Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithdecoratedcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistraditionhasitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.Therearefoodslikebreadinothercultures.InGreece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisbakedintothecake,whichstandsforsuccessintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.MostofthefoodseatenduringtheChineseNewYearhavesignificance.Sometimesthisisbasedontheirshape;forexample,longnoodlessymbolizelonglife.ThesymbolismcanalsobebasedonthesoundofthewordinChinese;forexample,peoplegiveoutorangesbecausethewordfor“orange”soundslikethewordfor“wealth”.Inmanycultures,roundfoodssuchasgrapes,bread,andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstosymbolizefamilyunity.Foodisessentialforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatitissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.Thefoodpeopleeatduringcelebrationsmayhavealonghistoryandcansymbolizemanythings,butsharingfoodisonecustomthatalmostallhumanshaveincommon.Whydoestheauthorregardeatingfoodasaformofcommunication?Howdopeoplecelebratebirthdaysandmarriagesinmanycultures?WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?Manyofthefoodtraditionsmentionedinthepassageareveryold.Whyaretheystillimportanttoday?第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期你班同学普遍加强了英语听说训练，但是仍然存在一些困惑。请你给外教Jim写封邮件,邀请他下周为大家做一次专题讲座。邮件内容包括：.介绍同学们的听说训练情况；.希望提供更有效的学习方法；.询问对方的意向。注意：1.词数不少于80；2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua2021届北京市朝阳区2018级高三上学期期中考试英语参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共两节,25分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）11.makes12.surrounded15.areharmed/arebeingharmed18.willfollow19.how11.makes12.surrounded15.areharmed/arebeingharmed18.willfollow19.how13.lucky14.sending16.higher17.torelax20.safely第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）21.A22.A23.D24.D25.D26.B27.C28.C29.A30.D31.A32.B33.C34.B35.C第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）36.F 37.G 38.C 39.B 40.E第三部分