第八章连词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼） 初中英语中考语法归纳拓展

第八章连词思维导图知识梳理一、连词的定义连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分,也不能重读,在句子中只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子以及引导从句的作用.二、连词的分类(一)根据连词本身的形式分类根据其构成的形式,连词可以分为4类.1.简单连词and(和)but(但是)or(或者)if(如果)before(在······以前)since(自从,既然)2.关联连词both...and...(既······又······)either...or...(或者······或者······)neither...nor...(既不······又不······)as...as...(和·····样······)notonly...butalso...(不但······而且······)3.短语连词asif/asthough(仿佛)assoonas(······就······)aswellas(也,又)sothat(以便;结果)incase(假使;以免)inorderthat(为了······)4.分词连词(它们由动词的分词转变而来)如:supposing(假如),considering(考虑到),provided(只要)等.(二)根据连词的句法功能分类根据连词的句法功能,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两类.1.并列连词并列连词用来连接,按其作用可分为并列、转折、选择和因果等四大类.(1)并列关系.用来连接两个概念,常见的连词有:and······和······,·····以及······,both...and...既······又······,notonly...butalso...不但······而且······,neither...nor...既不······又不······,aswellas也,又.①and可用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子,表示一种对等或顺承关系.Mytallfriendishandsome,intelligentandstrong.我那高个子朋友英俊、聪明、身体又强壮.Shesingsanddancesverywell.她唱歌跳舞都很好.You,heandIaregoodfriends.你、我、他都是好朋友.JimandLiLeiareinthesameclass.吉姆和李磊在同一个班级.Sheisbeautifulandhelpful.她美丽又乐于助人.点拨“祈使句＋and+陈述句”用于代替条件从句.Goaheadandyouwillseethehospital.=ifyougoahead,youwillseethehospital.向前走你就会看见医院.②both...and...BothTomandJohncametoseeme.汤姆和约翰两个都来看我.Marycanbothsinganddance.玛丽既会唱歌,又会跳舞.Bothteachersandstudentswillgotovisitthefarmtomorrow.老师和学生明天都去农场参观.点拨连接两个主语,谓语动词要用复数.BothyouandIenjoymusic.你和我都喜欢音乐.③notonly...butalso...Beijinghasnotonlyalotofoldhousesbutalsomanynewbuildings.北京不仅有许许多多古建筑,而且还有很多很多的新楼房.Thisgirlisnotonlyprettybutalsoclever.这女孩不仅漂亮而且聪明.点拨(1)当连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语在数上保持一致.NotonlyhebutalsoIamateacher.不仅他,我也是个老师.(2)由notonly...butalso...引导的句子可转换成aswellas.Sheisnotonlykindbutalsobeautiful.Sheiskindaswellasbeautiful.她不但漂亮,而且为人很好.④neither...nor...Neitheranimalsnorplantscanlivewithoutairorwater.没有空气和水,动植物都不能活.Heneitherwrotenortelephoned.他既没写信,也没有打电话.点拨当此词组作主语时,谓语动词的用法由nor后面的词而定.NeitheryounorIamright.你和我都不对.⑤aswellasSheisbeautifulaswellasclever.她漂亮也聪明.Ienteredfor100-meter-raceaswellashighjump.我报名参加百米赛跑和跳高.点拨(1)如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有aswellas引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式.HeaswellasIisgoingtotheconcert.不仅他,我也要去听音乐会.(2)aswellas侧重前者,而notonly...butalso...侧重后者.(2)转折关系.表示两个概念彼此有转折关系,常见的连词有:but但是,yet然而,while而,however可是,然而.如:Sheisnotmygirlfriendbutmysister.她不是我的女朋友,而是我的妹妹(姐姐).Heworkedhard,yethefailed.他工作努力,可是他失败了.However,onhisarrivalinParishewasrecognizedasnobleandthrownintoprison.可是,他一到巴黎就被认出是贵族,被关进了监狱.(3)选择关系.表示两者之间选择其一,常见的连词有:either...or...或者······或者······,不是······就是······,or或者,否则,otherwise否则,orelse否则.DoyouspeakeitherEnglishorFrench?你说英语还是说法语?Eitheryouorsheiswrong.不是你错就是她错.Hecaneithergoswimmingorplaytennis.他可去游泳也可以打网球.点拨either...or...连接主语时,谓语动词同后一个主语一致.EitheryouorIamwrong.不是你错就是我错.Eitheryouorwedothehousework.不是你们就是我们做家务.Eitherthefatherorhissondrivesthecar.不是那个父亲就是他的儿子开这辆车.Eitherheoryougetitbacktoday.要么他要么你今天去把它取回.(4)因果关系.说明原因或产生的结果.常见的连词有:for因为,so所以,因此,therefore所以,因而.You'dbetterputonyoursweater,forit'srathercoldoutside.你最好把毛衣穿上,因为外面相当冷.Thesebuildingswereover50yearsold,sotheywerenotstrongenough.这些建筑物已有50多年的寿命,因此不够坚固.Hebroketherulesoftheschool,thereforehehadtoleave.他违反了校规,因此只得退学.2.从属连词用来连接主句和名词性从句或状语从句的连词叫从属连词.(1)引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句)的从属连词,有:that(无词义),whether/if.Joesaid(that)hewouldcome.乔说过他要来.Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们缺少资金.Askherifshewillcomewithme.请问她是否愿意跟我一起来.Heaskedwhethertheyneededsomemoretea.他问他们是否还需要茶.(2)引导状语从句的从属连词.①连接时间状语从句的从属连词有:since,until,after,before,when,while,as,assoonasWheredidyoustudybeforeyoucameher?你来这儿之前在哪儿学习?AsIleftthehouse,Irememberedthekey.正要离开住所时,我想起了钥匙.I'llgowithyouassoonasIfinishmywork.我一完成工作就和你一起去.Let'splayfootballafterschool.放学后,咱们踢球吧.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehecametoChina.他来华以来,一直住在北京.TomwatchedTVwhilehewashavinghissupper.汤姆边吃晚饭边看电视.Hecouldswimverywellwhenhewasyoung.他年轻的时候,游泳游得很好.Goontillyouseeatallbuildingonyourright.往前走,直到在你的右侧看到一所高楼.②引导条件状语从句的有:if,evenif,unless,incase,providedthat,suppose(supposing),aslongas,onconditionthatIfitdoesn'traintomorrow,I'llgototheGreatWall.如果明天不下雨,我就去长城.Evenifyoufailagain,youshouldn'tloseheart.就算再次失败你也不应该灰心.He'llgothereunlessitrains.如果天不下雨,他将到那儿去.You'dbettertakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.你最好把雨伞带去以防下雨.I'llgowithyouprovidedthateveryone'sgoing.如果人人都去,我就跟你一起去.Supposeyouareright,areyouhappy?假定你对,你高兴吗?Aslongasheisalive,he'llwork.只要他活着,他就要工作.③引导原因状语从句的有:because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,forImusthurrybecauseit'stimeforclass.我必须快点,因为该我上课了.Sinceheisverybusy,Iwon'ttroublehim.既然他很忙,我就不打扰他了.Nowthattheweatherisfine,Iwanttoeatout.既然天气好,我想到饭馆里去吃饭.I'mlateforclassforIgotuplate.我迟到是因为起晚了.④连接方式状语从句的从属连词有:as,asif(asthough)Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看起来天气似乎要下雨.WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.入乡随俗.Don'tmakethesamemistakeasIdid.不要犯和我同样的错误.⑤连接结果状语从句的从属连词有:so...that...,such...that...Heissuchagoodpersonthatwealllikehim.他是如此好的一个人,以致我们都喜欢他.Heworkedsohardthathemadegoodprogress.他工作得如此努力,以致取得很大进步.⑥连接让步状语从句的从属连词有:although,though,howeverAlthoughshewastired,shekeptonworking.虽然她很累,但仍继续工作.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.他虽然年轻,但知道的很多.⑦连接目的状语的从属连词有:sothat,inorderthatI'llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.为了让你们能听懂我的话,我说慢一点.Italsoshowsyouthecaller'stelephonenumberinorderthatyourecognizewhoitis.它也向你显示发话人的电话号码,以便你清楚是谁给你打的电话.⑧表示比较的从属连词有:than,as...as...,notas/so...as...Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon(is).地球比月球大.SheisastallasMary.她和玛丽一样高.好题精练一、用适当的连词填空1.Iknow_________Englishisausefultool.2.Wewon'tgotothepark_________itrains.3.Weenjoyedourselves_________theweatherwasbad.4.Heasked_________Mr.Howehadcomeback.5._________Igottoschool,therainhadstopped.6._________hewasn'tfeelingwell,Iwenttherealone.7.Mr.andMrs.BrownhadlivedinBoston_________theymovedtoWashington.8.Don'tlistentotheradio_________youaredoingyourhomework.9.ThenextdayJennygotupveryearly_________wenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.10.Ihaveabrother_________asister.11.Icanswim_________mysistercan't.12.Isthisbookyours_________HanMei's?13.MaryoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish_________IoftenhelpherwithherChinese.14.Tom_________Jimarebrothers.15.Thisexerciseislong_________it'seasy.16.Takearest,_________you'llfeeltired,17.Mymotherwentshopping_________boughtnothing.18.Gotoseethedoctoratonce,_________yourcoldmaygetworse.19.I'llgivethenotetohim_________hecomes.20._________Jim_________Katebroketheglass.Thecatdid.21.Grandmaisoftenillnow.Sheisnot_________healthy_________before.22.Itwas_________dark_________wehadtofeelourwayout.23._________animals_________plantscanlivewithoutairorwater.24.Thischildisonlyoneyearold,he_________can_________readwrite.25._________Mary_________Tomhavereadthisbook.答案：1.that2.if3.though4.whether/if5.When6.As7.before8.while9.but10.and11.but12.or13.and14.and15.but16.or17.but18.or19.assoonas20.Neither...nor21.as...as22.so...that23.Neither...nor24.neither...nor25.Both...and二、用括号内的连词改写句子1.Youarenotright,Ithink.(that)____________________________________________________________________________________________2.Theboyhascaughtabadcold,sohismotherwilltakehimtothehospital.(because)____________________________________________________________________________________________3.Iwonderedwhetheritwouldbefineornot.(if)____________________________________________________________________________________________4.Wewerewaitingforanimportanttelephonecall.Justthenthedoorbellrang.(when)____________________________________________________________________________________________5.Theboysawthedogandhidhimselfbehindthedooratonce.(assoonas)____________________________________________________________________________________________6.Motherwascookingdinnerandfatherwasworkinginthegarden.(while)____________________________________________________________________________________________7.Theymovedherein1995.(since)____________________________________________________________________________________________8.WhenIseehim,I'llgivehimthemessage.(if)____________________________________________________________________________________________9.ItwassuchaheavyparcelthatIcouldn'tliftit.(so...that)____________________________________________________________________________________________10.HecannotspeakEnglish.Hecan'tspeakJapanese.(neither...nor)____________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.Idon'tthinkthatyouareright.2.Themotherwilltaketheboytothehospitalbecausehehascaughtabadcold.3.Iwonderedifitwouldbefine.4.Wewerewaitingforanimportanttelephonecallwhenthedoorbellrang.5.Assoonastheboysawthedog,hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.6.Motherwascookingdinnerwhilefatherwasworkinginthegarden.7.Theyhavelivedheresince1995.8.I'llgivehimthemessageifIseehim.9.TheparcelwassoheavythatIcouldn'tliftit.10.HecanspeakneitherEnglishnorJapanese.三、选择填空1.Couldyoulookaftermycat_________Iamaway?A.untilB.whereC.whileD.since2._________heorIamwrong.A.NeitherB.EitherC.BothD.As3.Ihear_________walkingonthemoonismoredifficult.A.ifB.thatC.soD.whether4.Couldyoutellus_________itsnowsinwinterinAustralia?A.ifBthatC.afterD.before5.Whatshallwedo_________itrainstomorrow?A.soB.ifC.butD.before6._________itrainstomorrow,I'llgobycar.A.WhetherB.AfterC.IfD.Before7.Ourteacherisverytired,_________shestopsworking.A.andB.butC.soD.or8._________you_________yoursistercanjoinus.Wewantjustoneofyou.A.Both;andB.Both;orC.Neither;norD.Either;or9.Thenurseisverytired,_________sheisstillworkingveryhard.A.butB.andC.orD.if10._________youdon'tknowhowtoreadanewword,you'dbetterlookitupinadictionary.A.BecauseB.IfC.WhyD.What11.Isreadinginbedgood_________badforyoureyes?A.asB.andC.orD.but12.Ilikebasketball,football_________volleyball.A.butB.orC.soD.and13.Iwasdoingmyhomework_________mymothergotbackyesterday.A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.assoonas14.Youcan_________stayathome_________goouttoplayfootball.A.both;andB.either;orC.as;asD.so;that15.Doyouknow_________shewillgotothecinemawithus?A.ifB.whereC.thatD.there16.Whynotlookupthenewwordinadictionary_________youdon'tknowit?A.ifB.thatC.thoughD.whether17.Mr.Lihaslivedhere_________hemovedt