光伏太阳能专业英语词汇

AC交流电AlternatingcurrentAmorphoussiliconsolarcell非晶硅太阳能电池Thin-filmsolarcellsareusuallyproducedbyevaporatingseveralsemi-conductorfilmsontoaso-called"substrate"Ampère安培UnitindicatingthestrengthofelectriccurrentAssemblingsystem集成系统Systemtoinstallsolarmodulesonroofs,façadesorinthefield.Azimuthangle方位角DescribesthedeviationfromtheSouthtowardsEast-westerndirectionBuilding-integratedPV(BIPV)UsedtodescribeastructurewherePVreplacesconventionalmaterialsandisintegratedintothebuilding.Typically,aphotovoltaicarrayisincorporatedintotherooforwallsofabuilding.RooftileswithintegratedPVcellscannowbepurchased.Arrayscanalsoberetrofittedintoexistingbuildings;inthiscasetheyareusuallyfittedontopoftheexistingroofstructure.Alternatively,anarraycanbelocatedseparatelyfromthebuildingbutconnectedbycabletosupplypowerforthebuilding.By-passdiode旁路二极管Conductstheelectricityautomaticallypastamoduleincaseitisshadowedinoneseries.Thisissupposedtopreventanydestructionduetooverheating.Circuit电路Asystemofconductorsthatconveyelectricity.CdTesolarcell碲化镉太阳能电池Thin-filmsolarcellmadeofverythinCdTesemi-conductorfilms(<3microns)CISsolarcellThin-filmsolarcellmadeofseveralfilmsofdifferentlydopedcopper-indium-diselenideCircuitbreaker断路开关Asafetydevicethatshutsoffpowerwhenitsensestoomuchcurrent.Combinerbox和路箱WheretheelectricalwiringfromthePVmodulesisjoinedtogetherinparalleltocombineelectricalcurrents.Conductor导体Amaterialthatisusedtoconveyelectricity,i.e.wires.Conversionefficiency转换效率Thepercentageofelectricitythatiscreatedbyasolarcellascomparedtotheamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatelectricity.Current电流Theflowofelectricitybetweentwopoints.Measuredinamps.DC直流电DirectcurrentEnergeticamortizationperiod能量偿还期Periodoftimeaphotovoltaicsystemrequirestoproducetheenergyrequiredforproduction.Efficiency功率Theratioofoutputenergytoinputenergy.Electricalgrid电网Alargedistributionnetworkthatdeliverselectricityoverawidearea.Electrode电极Aconductorusedtoleadcurrentintooroutofanonmetallicpartofacircuit.Energy能量Usablepower.MeasuredinkWh.Energyaudit能量审核Aprocessthatdetermineshowmuchenergyyouuseinyourhouseorapartment.Energyyield能量输出ElectricenergyindicatedinkWhyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystemENSEquipmenttocontrolthegridwithattributedall-polecontrolelementinseries.TheENSincludesaredundantvoltageandfrequencycontroloftheelectricitygridandevaluatesanyleapsascertainedinthegridimpedance.Ifthesetlimitsareexceeded,theENSwillswitchofftheinverter.Whenthelinevoltageisre-established,theinverterwillrestartoperationautomatically.EuropeanefficiencyrateWeightedefficiencyrateiscalculatedbyweightingdifferentpartialloadefficiencyratesandthefull-loadefficiencyrateinlinewiththefrequencyoftheirappearance.Facadesystem正面系统Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonthefacadeofabuildingoranintegralpartofafacade.Feed-inmeter输入计Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyintothepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)Mismatchinginterconnectionofbetterandworsemodulesinonestringasaconsequenceofwhichtheworstmoduleofoneseriesdeterminestheelectricity.Fieldsystem野外系统PhotovoltaicsysteminstalledinafieldFlat-roofsystem平台屋顶系统Photovoltaicsysteminstalledonaflatroof.Fossilfuels矿物燃料Fuelsthatareformedundergroundfromtheremainsofdeadplantsandanimals.i.e.oil,naturalgas,andcoalarefossilfuels.Globalradiation总辐射Sumofdiffuse,directandreflectedsolarradiationontoahorizontalsurface.Greenhouseeffect温室效应WhenheatfromthesunbecomestrappedintheEarth'satmosphereduetocertaingases.Greenhousegases温室气体ThegasesresponsiblefortrappingheatfromthesunwithintheEarth'satmosphere.i.e.watervapor,carbondioxide,methane,ozone,chlorofluorocarbons,andnitrogenoxides.Grid电网Adistributionnetwork,includingtowers,poles,andwiresthatautilityusestodeliverelectricity.Grid-connectedPVsystem并网光伏系统Whentheelectricitygridisavailablebutelectricityfromacleansource(solar)isdesired,solarpanelscanbeconnectedtothegrid.Providedthatsufficientpanelsareplaced,theappliancesinthehouse/buildingwillthenrunonsolarelectricity.Agrid-connectedsolarelectricitysystembasicallyconsistsofoneormoresolarpanels,aninverter,cables,theelectricloadandasupportstructuretomountthesolarpanels.Hertz(HZ)赫兹Thefrequencyofelectricalcurrentdescribedincyclespersecond,i.e.AppliancesintheUnitedStatesuse60HZ.Inverter逆变器ConvertstheDCoutputofthePVsystemintousableACoutputthatcanbefeddirectlyintothebuildingload.Irradiance辐照度theamountofsolarenergythatstrikesasurfaceduringaspecifictimeperiod.Measuredinkilowatts.I-VcurveIV曲线Agraphthatplotsthecurrentversusthevoltagefromthesolarcellastheelectricalload(orresistance)isincreasedfromshortcircuit(noload)toopencircuit(maximumvoltage).Theshapeofthecurvecharacterizingcellperformance.ThreeimportantpointsontheIVcurvearetheopen-circuitvoltage,short-circuitcurrent,andpeakormaximumpower(operating)point.JunctionboxThepointonasolarmodulewhereitconnects,orisstrung,toothersolarmodules.In-roofinstallation镶嵌屋顶系统PhotovoltaicsystemwhichisintegratedintotheroofcladdingIslandsystem独立系统Grid-independentpowersupplysystemkWh–kilowatthourUnitindicatingenergy/workandcorrespondingwiththeperformanceofonekilowattduringaperiodofonehourkWp-KilowattpeakUnitindicatingthemaximumperformanceunderstandardtestconcitions(STC)Load负载Theamountofelectricaldemandusedinthebuildingatanygiventime.Mono-crystallinesiliconsolarcell单晶硅太阳能系统Basicrawmaterialisamonocrystaldrawnfrommeltedsilicon.Multi-crystallinesiliconsolarcell多晶硅太阳能电池Basicrawmaterialissolarsiliconcastinblocks.NationalElectricalCode(NEC)国家电气代码TheU.S.minimuminspectionrequirementsforalltypesofelectricalinstallations,includingsolarsystems.NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation(NEMA)国家电力生产商协会TheU.S.tradeassociationthatdevelopsstandardsfortheelectricalmanufacturingindustry.NRELTheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory国家可再生能源实验室Anationallabthatconcentratesonstudyinganddevelopingrenewableenergysources.Opencircuitvoltage开路电压MaximumvoltageinanelectriccircuitwhichisgeneratedwhentheelectricityIequalszero(dependingontermperature).Performanceguarantee性能质保Extendedguaranteeofthemoduleproducerfortheperformanceofthesolarmodules.Performancetolerance性能公差Tolerancestatedbytheproducerwithregardstothenominalpower.Poly-cristallinesolarcell多晶硅太阳能电池Seemulti-crystallinesiliconsolarcell.PSC电力供应公司Powersupplycompanies.Peakload最大负荷Thelargestamountofelectricitybeingusedatanyonepointduringtheday.Photovoltaic(PV)光伏theconversionoflightintoelectricity.Theterm"photo"comesfromtheGreek"phos,"meaninglight."Voltaic"isnamedforAlessandroVolta(1745-1827),apioneerinthestudyofelectricityforwhomtheterm"volt"wasnamed.Photovoltaics,then,means"lightelectricity."Photovoltaic(PV)module光伏组件Anumberofphotovoltaiccellselectricallyinterconnectedandmountedtogether,usuallyinasealedunitofconvenientsizeforshipping,handlingandassemblingintoarrays.Theterm"module"isoftenusedinterchangeablywiththeterm"panel.Photovoltaicarray光伏阵列Aninterconnectedsystemofsolarmodulesthatfunctionasasingleelectricity-producingunit.Photovoltaiccell光伏电池（格）Thisisthebasicunitofasolarmodulethatcollectsthesun'senergy.Photovoltaicsystem光伏系统Acompletesetofcomponentsthatconvertssunlightintousableelectricity.Rectifier整流器TransformsalternatingcurrentintodirectcurrentRoofinclination屋顶倾斜度AngleofarooftowardsthehorizontalRatedpower额定功率Nominalpoweroutputofaninverter;someunitscannotproduceratedpowercontinuously.SemiconductorAmaterialthathasanelectricalconductivityinbetweenthatofametalandaninsulator.TypicalsemiconductorsforPVcellsincludesilicon,galliumarsenide,copperindiumdiselenide,andcadmiumelluride.Short-circuitelectricity短路电流Maximumelectricityinanelectriccircuit,whichisgeneratedwhenthevoltageUattheterminalsequalszero(proportionaltosolarradiation).SolargeneratorSumofsolarmodules.Specificenergyyield能量生产率（比能率）ElectricenergyindicatedinkWhandyieldedbyaphotovoltaicsystemdividedbytheinstalledperformance(kWp).StandardTestConditions–STC标准测试条件Generalconditionsunderwhichtheperfomanceofasolarmoduleismeasuredinalaboratory.Constantfactorsformeasuringare:Irradianceof1,000W/m²5f;lightspectrumafterpenetrationof1.5folddensityoftheatmosphere(AM1,5);temperatureofthesolarcell25°C.Supplymeter电源表Measuringinstrumentforthesupplyofelectricenergyfromthepublicpowergrid(unitinkWh)Termperaturecoefficient温度系数I