2022-2023年四川省广元市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2022-2023年四川省广元市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Who'sAfraidofGoogle?

RarelyifeverhasacompanyrisensofastinsomanywaysasGoogle,theworld'smostpopularsearchengine.Thisistruebyjustaboutanymeasure:thegrowthinitsmarketvalueandrevenues;thenumberofpeopleclickinginsearchofnews,thenearestpizzaparlororasatelliteimageoftheirneighbor'sgarden;thevolumeofitsadvertisers;orthenumberofitslawyersandlobbyists.

Suchanascentisenoughtoevokeconcerns--bothparanoid(偏执的)andjustified.ThelistofconstituenciesthathateorfearGooglegrowsbytheweek.Televisionnetworks,bookpublishersandnewspaperownersfeelthatGooglehasgrownbyusingtheircontentwithoutpayingforit.TelecomsfirmssuchasAmerica'sAT&TandVerizonareannoyedthatGoogleprospers,intheireyes,byfree-ridingonthebandwidththattheyprovide;anditisabouttobidagainsttheminaforthcomingauctionforradiospectrum.ManysmallfirmshateGooglebecausetheyreliedonexploitingitssearchformulastowinprimepositionsinitsrankings,butdroppedtotheInternet'sequivalentofHadesafterGooglemodifiedthesealgorithms(运算法则).

Andnowcomethepoliticians.LibertariansdislikeGoogle'sdealwithChina'scensors.Conservativesmoanaboutitsuncensoredvideos.Butthebignewfearistodowiththeprivacyofitsusers.Google'sbusinessmodelassumesthatpeoplewillentrustitwithevermoreinformationabouttheirlives,tobestoredinthecompany's"cloud"ofremotecomputers.Someusersnowkeeptheirphotos,blogs,videos,calendars,e-mail,newsfeeds,maps,contacts,socialnetworks,documents,spreadsheets(电子数据表),presentations,andcredit-cardinformation--inshort,muchoftheirlives--onGoogle'scomputers.

Buttheprivacyproblemismuchsubtlerthanthat.AsGooglecompilesmoreinformationaboutindividuals,itfacesnumeroustrade-offs.Atoneextremeitcoulduseaperson'ssearchhistoryandadvertisingresponsesincombinationwith,say,hislocationandtheitineraryinhiscalendar,toserveincreasinglyusefulandwelcomesearchresultsandads.ThiswouldalsoallowGoogletomakemoneyfromitsmanynewservices.Butitcouldscareusersaway.Asawarning,PrivacyInternational,ahuman-rightsorganizationinLondon,hasberatedGoogle,chargingthatitsattitudetoprivacy"atitsmostblatantishostile,andatitsmostbenignisambivalent".

AndGooglecouldsoon,ifitwanted,compilefilesonspecificindividuals.Thispresents"perhapsthemostdifficultprivacyissuesinallofhumanhistory,"saysEdwardFelten,aprivacyexpertatPrincetonUniversity.Speakingformany,JohnBattelle,theauthorofabookonGoogleandanearlyadmirer,recentlywroteonhisblogthat"I'vefoundmyselfmoreandmorewary"ofGoogle"outofsomeprimal,lizard-brainfearofgivingtoomuchcontrolofmydatatoonesource."

MoreJPMorganthanBillGates

GoogleisoftencomparedtoMicrosoft;butitsevolutionisactuallyclosertothatofthebankingindustry.Justasfinancialinstitutionsgrewtobecomerepositoriesofpeople'smoney,andthusguardiansofprivateinformationabouttheirfinances,Googleisnowturningintoasupervisorofafarwiderandmoreintimaterangeofinformationaboutindividuals.Yes,thisappliesalsotorivalssuchasYahoo!andMicrosoft.ButGoogle,throughthesheerspeedwithwhichitaccumulates

A.enteredadesperatefuture

B.transferredadifferentattitudeonGoogle

C.droppedtothecompetitionofInternet

D.obtainedpredominanceintherankings

2.Besideslowbirthrate,______isanotherfactorthatfuelsthetrendofruralpopulationinpartsofEurope.

3.______hastemporaryeffectonrelievingstress,butnotoneliminatingit.

A.Goingwindow-shopping

B.Readingagoodbook

C.Usingprescriptionmedications

D.Eatingproperly

4.

AccordingtothePlatinumrule,weshouldtreatourteammembersaswewouldhavethemtreatus.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

AccordingtoProf.Bhushan,wecouldhavestain-resistantwindowglassbyusingsuper-smoothpolymersheets,whichareproducedby______.

6.TheWonderfulWorldofSmall

There'saquietrevolutiongoingon,anditsnameisnanotechnology.Ahostofinnovationsarecomingourway.Someseemalmostmagical,likethenewmaterialcreatedin2004byRayBaughman,aprofessorattheUniversityofTexas.It'sstrongerthansteel,transparent,very,verylight.Ahectare-sizesheetwouldweighjust280grams.

Whentheprofessorannouncedthathehadn'tdecidedwhattocallit,hestartedtogetemailsfromaroundtheworldsuggestingnames.Sinceitwassolightandstrong,peoplestartedcallingit"mithril"--thenameofahighlyprizedtypeofarmorusedinTheLordofRings.

Thereareotherdiscoveriestoo--perhapsnotsoastounding,butpracticalandpleasant.Nowtherearesocksthatdon'tgetsmelly,pantsthatresiststains,windowsthatrepeldirtandtoiletsthatcleanthemselves.Allthisresultsfromexploringtheworldofthevery,verysmall.

NanocomesfromtheGreekwordfromdwarf.Usuallynanotechnologyisdefinedasthestudyandmanipulationofmattersmallerthan100nanometers(毫微米)--that'sthescaleofthingslikemoleculesandviruses.Tenhydrogenatomspressedtogetheragainsteachotherarejustonenanometerlong.Andonemillionnanometersfitintoamillimeter.Hardtograsp?Thinkofitthisway:IfeveryoneinManilawereananometerwide,theentirepopulation,standingshouldertoshoulder,wouldfitonyourthumbnail.

StunningUsesofNanotechnology

LikeAliceinWonderland,researchersinNanolandfindthemselvesinaworldwhereoldrulesdon'tapply.Smallthingsbehavedifferently.Thisisbehindseveralinnovations,includingtheself-cleaningtoilet.Thetoiletbowlissealedwithasuper-smoothglaze(涂层)thathasmicroscopicholesunder30nanometers.Becausethey'resmallerthanbacteriaorothertinyparticles,there'snotenoughroomfordirttogetstuckinthesurface.Flushingisbasicallyalltheworkyouhavetodo.

ResearchersinNanolandarealsomakingreally,reallysmallthingswithastonishingproperties--likethecarbonnanotube.ChrisPapadopoulosoftheUniversityofVictoria,says,"Thecarbonnanotubeistheposterboyfornanotechnology."

Inyourpencil,carbon,intheform.ofgraphite(石墨),issoftandeasilybroken.Butacarbonnanotubeistoughasnails--muchtougherinfact.It'sverythinsheetgraphitethat'sformedintoatube.Thesetinystraw-likecylinders,whichcanbeassmallashalfananometerwide,areupto100timesstrongerthansteelandsixtimeslighter.Theyarethehardest,stiffest,strongestmaterialsknownandareamongtheworld'sbestconductorsofheatandelectricity.Theycancarrysome1000timesmoreelectricitycurrentthancopperwire.Everybodywantsthem,butuntilnowthey'vebeeninshortsupplyandpricey.Thecurrentannualproduction,worldwide,isonly300kilograms.At$860agram,carbonnanotubescost50timesmorethangold.

Whenitcomestofindingusesforcarbonnanotubes,therangeishuge.TheNationalResearchCouncilCanada(NRC)islookingatharnessingtheirstrengthbyembeddingtheminconstructionmaterials,amongotherapplications.TheBoeingCompanythinksnanotubesmaybethesourceoffututeimprovementsforhigh-performanceaircraft.SomeofthemoststunningusescomeoutofRayBaughman'sresearch.Employingwhathecallsthe"ancienttechnologyofspinning,"Baughmanandhisteamdevelopedawayofspinningcarbonnanotubesintofibersthatarefourtimestougherthanspidersilk,thetoughestnaturalfilament(细丝).Sincetheyalsoconductelectricity,thefuturisticyarnscouldbewoveninto"smart"clothingthatstoreselectricity,ispotentiallybulletproofandincorporatessensorscapableofadjustingthetemperatureofgarment.Thefiberscouldalsobemadeintocablesforsuspensionbridgesmuchlongerthananywe

A.YB.NC.NG

7.Inadigitalcablesystem,ifthereisnokeytodecodethesignal,then,wewillonlysee______.

8.

Theprovidersofweb-maillikeGoogle,MicrosoftandYahoo!,havereapedhugeprofitsbyplacingadvertisements.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Governmentsindevelopingcountriesturntotheforeststosolveproblemsbroughtaboutbythecontinualpopulationgrowth.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Tobuildyouraudience,you'dbettercatchtheopportunitiestobeacquaintedwithpeopleandtrytocatchtheirattentiononyou.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)acknowledgesthat______.

A.millionsofpeopleworldwidearesufferingfrommentaldisorders

B.peoplesufferfrommentaldisorderswhenbeingsad,happyoranxious

C.peoplemaysufferfrommentalillnesswithemotionalorbehavioraldisruption

D.mentaldisordersmayresultfromthemalfunctioningofourbrains

12.

Whenpeoplegossipaboutothers,theyusuallycomparethemselvestothegossipedones,andthinkthemselves______.

13.ThereisaU.N.conventionthatcancover______.

A.problembetweenneighbors

B.problembetweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder

C.problemsonairpollution

D.trans-boundaryairpollution

14.Whichoneisthemostseriouseffectofchronicworkstressaccordingtothepassage?

A.Harassment.B.Violence.C.Heartburden.D.Karoushi.

15.

Satellitetelevisionissimilartobroadcasttelevisioninthewaythatitis______forsendingtelevisionprogrammingdirectlytoaviewer'shome.

16.

Intheprocessofmixing,youshouldalsomakesurethateachsoundcomesoutof______.

17.

4Gwirelesscommunicationcantaketheplaceof______tosendimagesbacktocentralcommandcenter.

18.

Aspeakerwhodoesn'ttrytomakehehimselfheardorunderstoodmaybelabeledas______.

19.

InMarkTwain'slateryears,whathemainlydidwas______.

20.Nowadaysemployersoftenaskquestionsdesignedto______.

A.findtheinterviewees'shortcomings

B.findthesolutionsofthecompany'sproblems

C.maketheintervieweesrealizetheyneedtolearnmore

D.discovermoreaboutintervieweeandthewaytheintervieweereacttodifferentsituations

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(47)

22.听力原文：Wehavemettheenemy,andheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.Whenmonkey-pox,adiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforest,suddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericanMidwest,it'shardnottowonderifthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings."Mostoftheinfectionswethinkofashumaninfectionsstartedinotheranimals,"saysStephenMorse,directoroftheCenterforPublicHealthPreparednessatColumbiaUniversity.

It'snotjustthatwe'regoingtowheretheanimalsare;we'realsobringingthemclosertous.Popularforeignpetshavebroughtawholenewdiseasetothiscountry.AstrangeillnesskilledIsaksen'spets,andshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea."Idon'tthinkit'sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem,"saysIsaksen.

"Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging,"saysPeterSchantz.Monkey-poxmaybethewake-upcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbugmaybekindatfirst.Butsomestrainsmaybecomeharmful.Monkey-poxdoesn'tlooklikeamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.Whatdowelearnaboutthepetsoldattheshop?

34.WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets?

35.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestwemayhavetodointhefuture?

(30)

A.ItmaycomefromColumbia.

B.Itmaysufferfrommonkey-pox.

C.Itmayenjoybeingwithchildren.

D.Itmaypreventusfrombeinginfected.

23.【B3】

24.听力原文：W:Therainisgoingtocontinuetilltomorrow.Iwantedtotakeyoutoseethepark,butit'stoowetforthat,andit'sobviouswecan'twalkaroundtovisitthesitesthatyousuggested,Jack,toobad.

M:Yes.it'sashame.

Q:What'stheman'spurposeinvisiting?

(14)

A.Takeacourse.

B.Seethecity.

C.Gotothepark.

D.Takearest.

25.(36)

A.TheydrankaspecialbeveragemadefromJapaneseherbs.

B.Theyhaduncookedfishthenightbeforethegame.

C.Theyhadamassagefromheadtofoottorelaxtheirmuscles.

D.Someplayerswereinjuredbeforethegame.

26.(14)

A.Hissonhithimonthearm.

B.Hestumbledoverastoneandfell.

C.Hebumpedthearmagainstapieceoffurniture.

D.Heknockedoveracoffeepot.

27.听力原文：M:Mary,I'vegotthebowlsoutforthesoup,DOyouthinkitneedsanymorepepperbeforeIserveit?

W:It'sreallyquiteniceaswedidexactlywhattherecipesays.Whytakeachanceofruiningit?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplythemanshoulddo?

(17)

A.Pmalittlemorepepperinthesoup.

B.Servethesoupasitissaidintherecipe.

C.Tastethesouptoseeifitneedssomemorepepper.

D.Checktherecipetoseeiftheyfolloweditcorrectly.

28.(43)

29.

【B3】

30.(31)

A.Afterheboughthisownprintshop.

B.Afterhesignedsomehistoricdocuments.

C.Whenheinventedthelightningrod.

D.WhenPennsylvaniaGazettebecamesuccessful.

31.听力原文：Musicwhichisoriginalisindividualandpersonal.Thatistosay,itcanbeidentifiedasbelongingtoaparticularcomposer.Ithasparticularqualities,orastyle,whicharenotcopiedfromanother.Ifyoucanrecognizethestyle.ofacomposer,youwillprobablybeabletotellthatacertaincompositionbelongstohimorhereventhoughyouhaveneverhearditbefore.Abasket-makerhastheskillofweavinghismaterialstocreatecolorfulpatterns,andanexpertcarpenterhasthe,skillofjoiningtogetherdifferentshapesandsizesofwoodtomakeabeautifulpieceoffurniture.Theseskillsmaybereferredtoas"workmanship".Similarly,inmusicacomposerorganizeshismelodiesandrhythmsandcombinessoundstocreateharmony.Acomposermaybecapableofthinkingupverygoodandoriginaltunes,yetiftunesarepoorlyorganizedthefinalresultwillnotbestandard.Goodmusicexpressesfeelingsinawaythatissuitabletothosefeelings.Theremaybejoy,sorrow,fear,love,anger,orwhatever.Badmusic,ontheotherhand,mayconfuseunrelatedfeelings,itmaynotexpressanyimportantfeelingsatall,oritmayexaggeratesomefeelingsandmakethemvulgar.Goodmusicwillstandthetestoftime.Itwillgainakindofpermanentstatuswhilebadmusicwilldisappearandbeforgottenquickly.Inpopmusic,wherethegeneralruleseemstobe"thenewerthebetter",thetestoftimeisthehardesttestofalltopass.

(33)

A.Ithasapersonalstyle.

B.Itsoundsveryfamiliartoourears.

C.Itisonewhosestyle.youcannotrecognize.

D.Itdoesnotbelongtoanycomposer.

32.听力原文：Educationissoimportantinthewholeworld.Everycountrytakesacertainamountofmoneyfromtariffs.Accordingtodifferentcountries,therearedifferentstrategies.EducationisrequiredandfreeforeverychildintheUnitedStates.Mostchildrenstartbytheageofsix.Theyattendeightyearsofelementaryschoolandfouryearsofhighschool(orsecondaryschool).(32)Themoneyforfreepublicschoolscomesfromtaxes,(33)andeachstateisresponsibleforitsowneducationalsystem.Statelegislaturessettheeducationalrequirementsbutleavethemanagementoftheschoolsinthehandsofthelocal'communities.Moststatesrequiretheirchildrentogotoschooluntilacertainage.Thisagevariesfrom16to18yearsaccordingtothelawsoftheindividualstates.TheFederalgovernmentcontributesfundstothestatesforadditionalschoolsandschoolservices.

Aftergraduationfromhighschool,astudentcanstarthishighereducationinatwo-yearcollege,afour-yearcollege,auniversity,oraspecializedprofessionalschooleitherpublicorprivate.Mostcollegesadmitstudentsonthebasisoftheirhigh-schoolrecords.(35)Studentsworktohelppaytheircollegeexpenses.(34)Only2percentofthepopulationofthecountrycannotreadandwrite.

Duringthewholelifeofaperson,mostofthetimewasspentinstudying.Andweshouldputourenergyandyouthtothevaluablecareer.Studymoreandlearnmore.

(33)

A.FromtheFederalgovernment.

B.Fromthestatelegislatures.

C.Fromtaxes.

D.Fromtheparentsoftheschoolchildren.

33.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Iamgladthatallthemembersofourzoologyclasscouldcomedowntothezootodaytocontinueouranimaladaptation.Asyouknow,someanimalsareabletomovebetweendomesticandwildenvironmentswithrelativelylittledifficulty.Thefirstexampleofthisthatwewillseehereatthezooisthewildburro.Asyouareprobablyaware,burrosarerelativesofthehorse.WildburrosintheUnitedStatesaredescendantsofthepackanimalsbroughtherethreecenturiesagobySpanishexplorers,andthesepackburroswereinturnthedescendantsofwildAfricanasses.

About100yearsago,goldprospectorscametothemountainsanddesertsofthewesternUnitedStates.Mostoftheprospectorswereaccompaniedbysteadfastcompanions—burros.Theseanimalswereusedalongwiththemuletrainthatservedthemanyminingoperations.Butwhengoldandsilverminingdiedout,manyoftheprospectorsturnedtheirburrosloose,theyjoinedwildburrosthatwerealreadyroamingthehillsandcanyonswhowerethedescendantsofthosebroughtbytheSpanish.Theprospectorsknewthattheirburroswerehardyanimals,completelyabletotakecareofthemselvesinthewild.Thefactthatthereareover11thousandwildburroslivinginthewesternstatestodaytestifiestotheirgreatadaptiveability.

(27)

A.Earlyminers.

B.Spanishexplorers.

C.Africannaturalists.

D.Earlyindustrialists.

34.

【B11】

35.(25)

A.TansPueblo.B.Apache.C.Navajo.D.Ute.

36.(17)

A.Hedoesn'thavemuchtimefortennis.

B.He'senthusiasticabouthisnewcourses.

C.Heplaystennisbetterthanshedoes.

D.He'snotveryinterestedinhisschoolwork.

37.

【B4】

38.(15)

A.Runintown.

B.Findaneasierjob.

C.BuyshoesfromtheInternet.

D.Findasaferplacetoexercise.

39.(28)

A.Becauseitcangivepeopleenoughnutrition.

B.Becauseitcangivepeoplemoreendurance.

C.Becauseitcangivepeoplealongerlifespan.

D.Becauseitcangivepeopleapositiveattitudetowardslife.

40.听力原文：W:Comealong,now.Openyourmouth.Ican'tgiveyoutheinjectionwithyourmouthclosed,canI?

M:Idon'twantaninjection.Ihateneedles.

Q:Whereistheconversationmostprobablytakingplace?

(14)

A.Atthedentist's.

B.Atagrocery

C.Atalawyer's.

D.Atapsychiatrist's.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

BillGatesiscitedasanexampleofpeoplewhois______.

42.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards"self-esteem"(Line5,Para.2)?

A.Unconcerned.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Negative.

43.

Thehugeincreaseinworldproductionandpopulation______.

A.hasmadetheworldaworseplacetolivein

B.hashadapositiveinfluenceontheenvironment

C.hasnotsignificantlyaffectedtheenvironment

D.hasmadetheworldadangerousplacetolivein

44.

Theword"identify"inthefourthparagraphisthesameas______.

A.noticeB.distinguishC.describeD.recognize

45.

Whenwomenfailtoachieveabalancebetweenworkandchildren,they

A.letthingsgotheirowncourses

B.admitthattheyarenotsuperwomen

C.usuallychoosetogiveuptheirwork

D.oftenblamethemselvesforit

46.

【C2】

47.

Bysaying"lifehasawayofthrowingthesecurveballsatus",theauthormeans______.

A.lifeisfullofmiseriesandmisfortunes

B.thingsandpeoplethatyoufeelsocomfortablewithdonotlastforgoodandaredestinedtochange

C.lifeisfullofchangesandthesechangescannotbeavoided

D.lifeisfullofsurprises

48.

WhathavethetwoFrenchgeophysicistsdiscoveredintheirresearch?

A.Someregularityinthechangesoftheearth'smagneticfield.

B.Somecausesofthefluctuationoftheearth'smagneticfield.

C.Theoriginoftheearth'smagneticfield.

D.Thefrequencyofpolarityreversals.

49.(61)

50.Wecaninferfromthe2000Harvardreportthat______.

A.peoplecanonlyimprovetheirmemorybymoresleep

B.sleepofonlyafewhoursprovesuselesstoimprovememory

C.researchersdidn'tagreewiththeconclusionofthe1994Israelireport

D.comparisonsweremadebetweensubjectswhosleptandthosewhodidn't

51.

【C7】

52.

Whatdoestheexpression"thistwo-dimensionalapproach"(Para.2)referto?

53.MarioDeLibertyhadbeenlivingasmallbusinessman'sdream.Twenty-oneyearsagoheopeneduptheWestgatePubinHavertown,Pennsylvania,afterbuyingaseedy(破烂的)bar—"arealtrashcan,everythingcoveredingreaseandnicotine,"hesays—andturningitintoaspiffy(整洁的)familyrestaurant.ButonedaylastyearDeLibertyopenedhismailandlearnedhewasbeingsued.AgroupcalledtheAmericanDisabilityInstitutesaidDeLiberty'spubfailedtocomplywiththefederalAmericansWithDisabilitiesAct(ADA),whichrequiresthatbusinessesbeaccessibletothehandicapped.

SomeoftheallegedviolationsattheWestgatePubwerelaughable:atoiletthatwassupposedtohang18inchesfromawallwasonly17inchesaway,forinstance.Otherswereoffthemark.ThesuitcomplainedthatWestgate'sparkinglothadnohandicappedspace—butDeLibertysaysthelotisrunbythelocaltownship.Meanwhile,behadservedhandicappedpatronsforyears,lettingonecustomerregularlybringinhisSeeingEyedog,andneverheardacomplaint.Moreover,DeLibartywouldhavebeenwillingtomakeanynecessarychangesifgiventhechance.Hewasn't.Themessageoftheletter,hesays,wasclear:"Wewillcloseyoudown."

Therewasonepossiblewayout,though.DeLibertycouldsettlethecasefor＄2,100.Worriedaboutanexpensivelegalbattle,hebargaineddownto＄1,600andpaidup.Andthatwasit."Ineverheardfromthemagain,"hesays.

Beforelong,DeLibertylearnedhewasoneofdozensoflocalbusinessestargetedthisway.ThefounderoftheAmericanDisabilityInstitute,whoisaretireddentist,toldthelocalnewspaperthatheplannedtofilemorethan5,000similarsuits,potentiallyreapingmillionsofdollarsinsettlements.

"Theythrowfearintoyou,"DeLibertysays."Thefearthatalltheblood,sweatandtearsyou'veputintoyourbusinessisgoingtogodownthedrain."

Welcometooneoftheseediest(肮脏的)legalruses(花招)going.Inrecentyears,anumberofprofiteershaveusedtheADAtoblindside(攻其无防备之处)thousandsofsmallbusinessesnationwide.Theydemandfour-orfive-figuresettlementsoverproblemsthatmaycostafewhundreddollarstofix.Thetargetedbusi-nessesoftenreceivenowarning,andoncethelawyershavebeenpaid,theycandisappearasfastastheycame.Somesaythatit'slittlemorethanaslickprotectionracket(非法勾当).

Theschemeworksbecausebusinessownersarescaredoflitigation(诉讼).Ittakesdeeppocketstofightback,asactorClintEastwooddiscoveredwhenhefacedanADAsuitagainsthisinninCarmel,California.Intheend,ajurydecidedhedidn'towethecomplainantacent,yetEastwood'scostlydefensetookclosetofouryears.

Theshamefulthingisthatmoney-hungryattorneysarecorruptingalawmeanttohelpthemostvulnerableamongus.TheADAwasenactedin1990toprotectAmerica's50milliondisabledpeoplefromjobdiscriminationandtorequireeffortstomakepublicplacesaccessibletothem.Buttheaccesspartofthelawisextremelycomplicatedmanywouldsayoverthetop—detailingeverythingfromcountertopheightstomirrorplacement.Bathroomsalonemayhavetomeetdozensofspecifications.Eventhemostdiligentpersoncanfailtofolloweveryrole,therebyinvitingshakedown(勒索)artiststoplytheirtrade.

Justlastyear,thePennsylvanialawfirmofBrodsky&Smithfiledmorethan100ADAsuitsthereandinNewJersey.InFlorida,theMiamifirmFuller,Mallah&Associatesrackedupmorethan700lawsuitsfrom1998to2001.AnotherFloridalawyer,RobertBogdan,helpedstartanoutfitcalledCitizensConcernedAboutDisabilityAccessbeforeunleashinghisownslew(许多)oflawsuits.

Nobusiness,fromamom-and-popstoretoabigchain,issafe.OnesuitinLakeWorth,Florida,namedawheelchairstorewhoseownersare

A.DeLibertyranarestaurantsuccessfullybutwasbeingthreatenedbyhiscompetitors.

B.DeLibertywasbeingsuedfordenyingthehandicappedtheiraccesstohisbusiness.

C.DeLibertyofferedpoorservicestohishandicappedcustomers.

D.ThereweresomequalityproblemsforthefacilitiesinDeLiberty'spub.

54.

Whywouldn'ttheablepeoplegotofillthejobs?

55.

WhichofthefollowingideasmightprobablybepreferredbyMalcolmMuggeridge?

A.Literaturewillbecomedominantinpresentingwarstories.

B.Peopleshouldhavetheirovalideasofwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.

C.TVimagesarepreoccupyingbecausetheyexpressreality.

D.TVprogramsoftenaimtoassaultthetraditionalstandardsandmoresofsociety.

56.

Thephrase"tobreakeven"(Line7,Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.

A.toupsetthephysicalenergybalance

B.todisturbthecalmnessofthebody

C.togainagreaterprofitthanaloss

D.tomakeneitheraprofitnoraloss

57.Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Dameshassuggestedthatitisaspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposedmainlyofbricksasabrickbuilding.Itiscertainthatalltheessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantandarebuiltintoessen