中考英语复习定语从句

中考英语复习之定语从句观点：我们也能够用一个句子来修饰名词，这类句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(Theattributiveclause)。但有一点不一样的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词以后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如：Doyouknowthescientistwhogaveusthetalkthisafternoon?你认识今日下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这句中的主句是Doyouknowthescientist?(你知道那位科学家吗?)而whogaveusthetalkthisafternoon(他今日下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。scientist叫作先行词，而who叫作定语从句的指引词。who在定语从句中起主语的作用，who的数与它的先行词同样。如：YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo这里先行词是everything，而thatIdo是定语从句，此句应译为：that叫作定语从句的指引词，在句中作do指引定语从句的指引词有：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose关系副词when，where，why，how。无论关系代词仍是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，且它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充任一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语即是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。关系代词的用法。①that的先行词能够是人也能够是物。如：Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly飞机是一种会飞的机器先行词是machine而that是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。如：Ilikethebook(that)youlentmeyesterday先行词是book，关系代词用that，它在定语从句中作lend(借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时能够省略，即：Ilikethebookyoulentmeyesterdaywhich关系代词的先行词只好是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如：Thebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooksshop是先行词，which在从句中作主语。如：Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful主句是Thebookwaswonderful，定语从句是修饰主句的主语book，即我昨晚读的那本书，

which

在定语从句中作

read

的宾语，可省略。③who，

whom，

whose

who

在定语从句中作主语，

whom是

who

的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而

whose

则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语

.如：ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend昨天观光我们学校的人是一位美国朋友，Who在定语从句中作主语。如：Who'sthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你方才与之讲话的那个女人是谁?而whom作定语从句中介词to的宾语，能够省略，在英语中，句首的

whom

也经常可用

who

取代。

This

isourclassmate，

Mary，

whosehomeisnotfarfromourschool

这是我１．Isawtheman.HeclosedthedoorIsawthemanwho(that)closedthedoor2．ThegirlishappyShewontheraceThegirlwhowontheraceishappy3．ThestudentsarefromChinaTheysitinthefrontrowThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina(先行词是students则who的数也应看作复数。)4．WearestudyingsentencesTheycontainadjectivedauseWearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectivedause5．ThetaxidriverwasfriendlyHetookmetotheairportThetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly6．ThebookwasgoodIreaditThebookthatIreadwasgoodThebookIreadwasgood7．ThepeoplewereveryniceWevisitedthemyesterdayThepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice8．ThemancalledthepoliceHiswalletwasstolenThemanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice9．IcomefromacountryItshistorygoesbackthousandsofyearsIcomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyears10．IhavetocallthemanIpickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeetingIhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeeting关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，能够和介词一同放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也能够将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后边，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears或能够写作：ThatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyearsHewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingfor注意的是此句的关系代词whom能够用主格取代，而lookfor是短语动词也不行将for放于定语从句以前。that作关系代词作介词宾语时，不可以紧跟介词，而只好将介词置于定语从句的后边。如：Themanthatweweretalkingabouthascometoourschool这时不可用aboutthat1．ThemeetingwasinterestingIwenttoitThemeetingthatIwenttowasinteresting2．ThemanwasverykindItalkedtohimyesterdayThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykind3．ImustthankthepeopleIgotapresentfromhimImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfrom4．ThepicturewasbeautifulShewaslookingatitThepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautiful5．ThemanisstandingoverthereItoldyouabouthimThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingoverthere关系副词，when，where，why，此中when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWallwhere则指地址，如：Thisisthehousewheretheoldmanlives例句：1．ThecitywasbeautifulWespentourvacationthereThecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautiful2．ThatistherestaurantIwillmeetyouthereThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyou3．ThetownissmallIgrewupthereThetownwhereIgrewupissmall4．ThatisthedrawerIkeepmynewpapersthereThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapers5．MondayisthedayMondayistheday

WewillcomethenWhenwewillcame6．７∶０５isthetimeMyplanearrivesthen７∶０５isthetimewhenmyplanearrives7．１９６０istheyearTherevolutiontookplacethen１９６０istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace8．JulyisthemonthTheweatherisusuallythehottestthenJulyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest定语从句可分为两大类：①限制性定语从句是先行词在乎义上不行缺乏的定语，假如去掉的话，主句的意思就不完好，意义就表述不明。这类句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited②非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分亲密，不过对其附带说明，也就是讲即使去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍旧清楚了然。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不指引这类非限制性定语从句，如：AbrahamLincoln，wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears，wasshotonApril14，1865atatheatreinwashingtonＤＣ．如：GalileolivedinthecityofPisa，wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh（二）正误辨析［误］Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachmeEnglish［正］Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachesmeEnglish［析］在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它自己看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who应由theperson单数决定，应当用单数谓语动词。又如：Iwhoamastudentwanttofindasparetimejobwho应与I是一致的，因此其谓语动词应当用am。［误］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetduringtheSecondWorldWar［正］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduringtheSecondWorldWar［析］这里的关系代词不用who，因其先行词有两个，一个是things(物)，而另一个是people(人)，这时既不行用who，又不行用which，因前者只好用于先行词是人的状况下，后者则用于先行词是物的状况下，因此只好用that［误］Thebook，thatIboughtyesterday，wasverygood［正］Thebook，whichIboughtyesterday，wasverygood［析］先行词与定语从句被逗号切割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中which，when，who，whom，where，when，whose等都能够和限制性定语从句中的作用同样，而独有that［误］ThedictionarywhichIlentityesterdayisaveryusefultool［正］ThedictionarywhichIlentyesterdayisaveryusefultool［析］关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。固然在作宾语时它的地点由本来的宾语地点移到了句首，［误］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhichcomesfromAmerica［正］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhocomesfromAmerica［析］theone，anyone，those作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不可以用which应用who［误］Thisistheroominthattheoldmanlives［正］Thisistheroominwhichtheoldmanlives［正］Thisistheroomwhichtheoldmanlivesin［正］Thisistheroomthattheoldmanlivesin［析］that不可以紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但假如介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用that作指引词，并且能够省略。如：Thisistheroomtheoldmanlivesin［误］Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodforyou［正］Icandoeverythingthatisgoodforyou［析］在先行词是all，much，li