2023届上海市部分区高三下学期二模英语试题汇编：六选四专题

上海市部分区2022-2023学年高三下学期二模英语试卷分类汇编六选四专题2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Itisn’tjustaboutremovingthegarbagefromtheocean’ssurface.Hopefully,theycanbeabigpartofthesolutiontooceanpollution.Thissmallrobotgathersupeverythingitencounters,includinggasolineandoil.Forlarger,moreopenareas,amuchlargerrobotcalledtheInterceptorhasasimilarfunction.Ifallgoeswell,they’rehopingtoexpandthenumberofrobotsandtakethetechnologytootherwaterwaysinneedofcleanup.Cleaninguptrashthatlitterstheoceanisgood,buttokeeptheoceansclean,newgarbagemustbestoppedfromgettingthere.Trash-EatingRobotsIthasbecomecommonknowledgethatouroceansarefilledwithgarbage.Brokenobjects,usedplasticbottlesandsoonfillourbeachesandcovertheoceanfloor,doingimmensedamagetooceancreatures.Manyindividualsandorganizationsareworkingtoremovethisgarbageandrecenttechnologicaldevelopmentshavegiventhemanewtooltodoso:trash-eatingrobots.Robotsofvariousshapeshavebeendesignedtocollectgarbagethattheyfindfloatingintheocean.Forexample,theFrenchcompanyIADYShasdevelopedwhatitcallsthejellyfishbot.67Thejellyfishbotisremotelycontrolledandcancleanupto1,000squaremetersperhour.Itcontainsanetthatcanholdupto30liters.Thejellyfishbots’smallsizeandabilitytobeeasilycontrolledmakethemidealforcleaningupcrowdedareassuchasports.68Designedforuseonrivers,theInterceptorlookslikeaboatwithaconveyorbeltthatpicksuptrash.AshallowbarrierattachedtotheInterceptorguidesfloatingtrashtotheconveyorbelt,butfishcanswimunderitsafely.Onceasensorindicatesthatthedustbinsarefull,theInterceptorautomaticallysendsatextmessagetoonshoreoperators.Theseoperatorscollectandemptythedustbins,sendingthegarbagetolocalwastemanagementfacilities.Mostofthegarbageintheoceanscomesdownrivers.69HencetheInterceptorisusedtostoppollutionbeforeitenterstheocean.TheInterceptoriscompletelysolar-poweredandoperatesonitsown,whichminimizestheneedforhumaninvolvement.Robotsareabletocleanuplargeamountsofgarbagewithouthumansstrugglingwithbeachcleanupbyhand.702023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷SectionC(8分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Bedtimeritualscanalsohelpyoureduceanxiety.B.Foradults,bedtimeritualstypicallylast30minutestoanhour.C.Butengaginginsomebedtimeactivitiescouldactuallyhelpyousleepbetter.D.Thenwhenthetimecomestofallasleep,you’llbeready.E.There’snofixedformatfortheperfectbedtimeritual.F.Evidenceindicatesthatpeoplewhoreadabookinbedhavebettersleepquality.BedtimeRitualsAttheendofalongday,youmightwanttocollapseinfrontoftheTVandwatchanepisodeofyourfavoriteshow._____________67_____________Settlingdownwithacupoflemonteaorreadingabookcantellyourbodyit’stimetosleep.Ifyouturntheseactivitiesintoaritual—thatis,ifyoudothemeverynightaroundthesametime—youwillbeallthemorelikelytogettherestyouneed.Abedtimeritualisimportantnotonlybecauseitpreparesyouforsleepbutalsobecauseithelpsestablishhealthysleephabits.Ifyourcurrenthabitsdon’tsupportgoodsleep,abedtimeritualcanhelpyoumakenecessarychanges._____________68_____________Worrycanmakeithardtofallasleepatnight,butforsomepeople,anxietyatbedtimeiscommon.Ritualscanprovidecomfortbyofferingpredictabilityandstructure.Somerituals,suchasjournaling,mightalsorelieveanxietybygivingthewriterafreshperspectiveorsenseofmeaning._____________69_____________Considertryingseveralbedtimeritualsbeforesettlingonaconsistentroutine.What’simportantisfiguringoutwhatworksforyou.Startoutwithtwoorthreeactivitiesaccordingtoyourneedsandpreferences.Ifyouenjoyexerciseandmovement,tryyogaorgentlestretching.Ifyoufindcomfortinorder,createato-dolistforthenextday.Ifclassicalmusiccalmsyou,turnonsomeBachorMozartenjoyingabath.Whetheryourbedtimeritualtakesplaceinbedorsomewhereelse,makesureyourenvironmentisrelaxing.Wearcomfortableclothesorpajamas,curlup(蜷曲)underacozyblanket,andkeepthelightslow._____________70_____________2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Theirlong-lastingrelationshipsareimportantforsurvivalinthewild.HeteamedupwithFionaMcCully,ascientistinanimalbehaviour.Thescientistsconcludethatit’simportanttokeepflamingosinalargeflock.Accordingtoarecentstudy,sodoflamingos.Thisavoidancemayservetopreventthefights.Newresearchshowsthatflamingoswithbrightercolorstendtobemoreaggressive.Flamingos(火烈鸟)makelongfriendshipsWhenitcomestomakingfriends,humansoftenseekpeoplewithsimilarinterestsandpersonalities.____67____.Thelong-leggedbirdscanformfriendshipsthatlastforyears,andtheydependontheirfriendsforsupportwhentheyfalloutwithrivals.ScientistDrPaulRosehadalreadyspottedthatflamingosseemedtoformnarrowexclusivecircles.____68____.Tofindoutwhyflamingosbefriendsomebutnotothers,theystudiedbothChileanandCaribbeanflamingoslivinginanaturereserveinGloucestershire,England.Eachbirdworearingaroundonelegwithauniquecodetotellthemapart.McCullyspentmonthsstudyingtheirbehaviourandbuiltapersonalityprofileforeachflamingo.Shefoundthatconfident,aggressiveflamingoswalkedproudlyaroundintheirfriendshipgroups,whilethequieterbirdscarefullyavoidthoseindividuals.____69____.McCullyandRosefoundthatfortheCaribbeanbirds,personalityseemedtomattermoreinfriendshipsthanitdidforChileanflamingos.Caribbeanbirdsweremorelikelytodefendtheirfriendsandtheconfidentoneshadmuchlargersocialgroupsthanthequieterbirds.Theresearchersfoundthissurprisingbecauseinmanyways,includingbodyshapeandhowtheysearchforfoodinthewild,thetwospeciesareverysimilar.____70____.Inthatcase,allpersonalitytypesarerepresentedandeachflamingohasthechancetofindalike-mindedfriend.McCullyandRosesaid,“Ifhumansrequirefriendshipstobehappy,isitreallysuchagreatleaptothinkthatflamingosmightneedthesame?”2023届上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed. A.Asthatreduceseffortoverasustainedperiod,itcouldresultinevenmoresignificantnegativeeffects.B.Beforereceivingthetext,halftheparticipantswereaskedtothinkaboutthedifferentwaystheycouldobtainfreefood,shouldtheyfailtoearnthesnack.C.Butparticipantsaskedtobrainstormotherthingsbeforeunscramblingsentencesdidjustfine.D.However,thecostsofmakingbackupplanshaven'tpreviouslybeenexamined.E.Ifyouprepareforfailure,youmaybemorelikelytofail.F.Theymightnothavebeenawareofthisshiftintheirmindsetwhileworking,buttheywerelessmotivated.MakingaBackupPlanWeakensPerformanceTherearecertainlyimportantbenefitstomakingbackupplans.Oneisthepsychologicalcomfortitbrings:Peoplethink,“I'mgoingtobeOkay,evenifIfailbecauseIcanthendoXorY.”Anotherbenefitisthatifyoufail,youwon'tkeepthinkingaboutit;youcanquicklyimplementyourbackupplan.(67) JihaeShinofWisconsinSchoolofBusinessbelievesthatacknowledgingthecostsandbenefitscanleadtobetterandmoreinformeddecisionmaking.Shegave160universitystudentsasentence-unscrambling（理清句子）taskandpromisedanenergybartothosewhoperformeditwell.(68) Peopleencouragedtothinkaboutthosebackupplansunscrambledsignificantlyfewersentencesonaveragethanpeoplewhohadn'tbeenaskedtoformulateaplanB.Inthefollow-upexperiment,Shintookthesameapproachbutofferedpeopledifferentrewards-anextradollar.“Wethinkthatwhenachievingagoalrequireswork,notluck,makingabackupplancanhurtperformancebyreducingthedesireforthegoal.”saidprofessorShin.“Inthethirdstudyingwhichparticipantswereaskedabouthowmuchtheywantedthepromisedrewardofonedollar,thosewhohadbeenaskedtothinkthroughbackupplansreportedthattheywantedthecashlessthanothers.(69)Sotheyputinlesseffortwhichhurttheirresults.Theparticipantsinthelabstudiesspentlessthan10minutes,thinkingabouttheirbackupplans--atinyinvestmentoftheirattention--yetitsignificantlyaffectedtheirmotivationandperformanceongoalpursuit.Inreallifewhenthestakesarehigher,peoplewouldbeexpectedtodevotemoretimeandenergytomappingoutthedetailedbackupplans.(70) Thepracticaladvicefromtheresearchersis:Holdoffonmakingbackupplansuntilyou'veputasmucheffortaspossibleintoyourprimarygoal.2023届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Inrealitygardensareanythingbutnatural.B.Whatarethethingstheyhavebeenattractedto?C.Theyareidealizedlandscapeswithallthemud,pestsanddeadplantseditedout.D.Howmuchbetteraplacetheplanetwouldbeifgardeningwasouroutletforthisneed!E.Muchlikeagriculture,gardeningisauniversalhumandesirecodedintoourculturalDNA.F.Thecalmnesscreatedbyowningatinygreenspaceundermycontrolhasapowerfuleffectonmymind.Asabotanistwhostudiesourculturalrelationshipwithplants,Iamforeverfascinatedwithwhatdrawspeopletogardening.Admittedly,connectingwiththenaturalworldmightseemlikeanobviousmotivation,andundoubtedlyitisakeypartoftheattraction.67_Iftheywere,we'dabandonanyattemptsatdesign,plantingorcareandwatchhowwallsofweedsslowlygavewaytothemassofbushes.Butthatwouldn'tbegardening,ofcourse,becauseforalltheirdiversity,theonethingthatallgardenshaveincommonishowunnaturaltheyare. 68 Dazzlingplants,waterfactu