跨文化交际-中德差异

2第一页，共35页。1第二页，共35页。GermanyGreetingFormofAddressWaystospeakLaugh第三页，共35页。GreetingChina:wavehandsorshake

handsGermany:shakehands

firmlyand

tightly第四页，共35页。FormofAddressDon’tcalltheirfirstnamedirectly.Itwouldbebetterifyoucallthemwithfullnameortheirsurname.InGermany,theyoftencalltheirfamilymembersbynamewhichwouldbethoughtasimpoliteinChinafortheythinkfamilymembersshouldbeequal.第五页，共35页。WaystospeakChina:implied(confused)Germany:straightforward(aggressive,impatientandrude)第六页，共35页。LaughChina:expresshappy,orcovertheir

uneasy,embarrassedandangryGermany:expresshappiness第七页，共35页。CooperationCulture第八页，共35页。DifferencesofEnterpriseCultureCulturalfoundationPowerdistanceIndividualismandcollectivismTimemanagementCommunicationsystem第九页，共35页。CulturalfoundationGermancompanies:

1.basedontheChristianrationalspiritsandthe

humanisticthoughts.2.scienceandlegislationaremoreimportant.Chinacompanies:

1.basedontheConfucianculture. 2.“guanxi”and“morality”aremoreimportant.第十页，共35页。PowerdistanceGermancompanies

:

1.lowerpowerdistance 2.ThestandardizedskillsandprofessionsaremoreimportantChinacompanies:

1.higherpowerdistance 2.apyramid-likestructureofhierarchy第十一页，共35页。IndividualismandcollectivismGermancompanies:individualism

Althoughtheyrequirecooperativespirit,subjectiveinitiativeandcreativityarestronglyemphasized.Chinacompanies:collectivism

Whenpersonalinterestsisconflictingwithcollectiveinterests,peoplealwayschoosetoprotectthecollectiveinterestswithgivingupthepersonalinterests.第十二页，共35页。TimemanagementGermancompanies:

1.Timeislimited. 2.Timemanagingisaprerequisiteforeffective

actionandanessentialcomponentofprofessionalism.

Chinacompanies:

itisverynormaltobreakanappointmentandchangeaplancasually.第十三页，共35页。CommunicationSystemInChina,whenpeoplecommunicatewithothers,theywillthinkfirstlyhowtokeepaharmoniousrelationship.(haveachatfirst)InGerman,managersthinkthechatbeforethecommunicationisabehaviorofwastingtime第十四页，共35页。BusinessNegotiation第十五页，共35页。ChinaGermanyhighcollectiveestablishsocialtrustfirstvaluepersonalrelationsin-groupout-groupgetdownbusinessfirstrespectothershighindividualIndividualismVSCollectivism第十六页，共35页。ChinaGermanyEfficiencynegotiateasefficientaspossiblenegotiateslow"immediatesolution,"decisive

knoweachotherfirst

buildlong-termrelationshipcomplexdecision-makingstylenegotiateasefficientaspossible"immediatesolution,"decisive第十七页，共35页。CommunicationChinaGermanyhighlystructuredmessages

stressliteralmeaningscomestraighttothepointsay“no”directlyavoidusing“no”

talkaroundpointnegotiateinambiguousmessages第十八页，共35页。linearlogicsociallogicsystemicandstrongorganizedthinking

havecleargoal

arenoteasilycompromiseChinaGermanyare

easilycompromiseThinkinglong-termthinkingshort-termthinking第十九页，共35页。SpecialpointswhendoingbusinesswithGermanGerman

carefully

prepare

the

documents

before

the

tradingGermanhasthegoodhabitoffocusingoncredibilityTheywillseriouslytreatcontract,andtheyrequireothersaswellPunctualityistakenextremelyseriouslyGerman

tendtoputtheirproductsasselectioncriteria第二十页，共35页。TableManners第二十一页，共35页。Eatinghabits

ChinaGermanyawayofenjoyingandcommunication

emphasizemoreonthe

fooditselfconvenientandtime-saving

nutritionallyendowed第二十二页，共35页。Germancuisine&tablewareverysimplestrongflavoralittlebitoilycolddishes√pork

×fishbeersarealwaysthebestchoicemostGermanareheavydrinkersGermansseecoffeeasdailydrinkandteaasakindoffashionbehighly-qualifiedandcompleteddifferentkindsofforks,spoonsandplatesatGermanhome第二十三页，共35页。HavingDinnerwithGermansIfyouareinvited,youhavebeenhighlytreatedIfyouhavetocanceltheappointment,youshouldinformthehostinadvanceBeinglateisallowableaslongasthetimeisrestrainedwithin15minutes“whatever”isnotagoodanswer

MostGermansbelieveinChristianandCatholicism,somefoodsarerestrainedintheirtables第二十四页，共35页。MoreDetailskeepdownyourvoiceattableSometimestherewillbeabunwrappedinthenapkin,ifso,putitontheplatenearbyNeveruseyournapkintocleanyourtablewareorplateholdingofknifeorforkofthehostessisasigntobeginthedinnerputthefishboneonthevergeofyourplateinsteadofputtingitonthetableorontothefloor第二十五页，共35页。TaboosTheknifeandforkthathavebeenusedineatingfish

shouldnotbeusedtoeatmeatorcheeseagain.drinkbeersandwineatthesamedinner,beersshouldgofirstdonotpiletoomuchfoodinyourplateNapkinshouldneverbeusedasatooltofanyourself.Germansdonoteatwalnuts.第二十六页，共35页。GiftGiving第二十七页，共35页。GiftGiving

GermanyChinasubordinatessendgiftstotheirsuperiorsgovernmentofficersreceivegiftsinNewYear15Euros®istrationNolimitationonthepriceNoregistration第二十八页，共35页。GiftGivinginformaloccasion

ObeytherulescarriedoutbythehostChoosegiftsasrequiredBothcountrieshasthesimilartraditions第二十九页，共35页。GivinggiftstofemalebusinesspartnersGermanyChinaroses,perfumeandunderclothesareunacceptableindicateloveandintimacy

donotpaymuchattentionnotreallycareaboutaslongasitisofgreatvalue第三十页，共35页。casual