职称的英语必备2

理工类职称英语教材新增文

阅读理解新增文章（共6篇）

目录：

第二篇（C级）：WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredict

第六篇（C级）：WeavingwithLight

第三十四篇（B级）:BatteriesBuiltbyViruses

第三十八篇（B级）:LongerLivesforWildElephants

第四十五篇（A级）：SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers

第四十六篇（A级）：MarvelousMetamaterials

第AA-一-篇Ar*r

WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredict

Inafindingthatmayspeedeffortstoconserveoil,scientistsinKuwaitpredictthatworld

conventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014.Thispredictionisalmostadecadeearlier

thansomeotherpredictions.TheirstudyisinACS*Energy&Fuelsl.

IbrahimNashawiandcolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloilconsumptionhas

sparkedagrowinginterestinpredicting“peakoi1"."Peakoil"isthepointwhereoi1production

reachesamaximumandthendeclines.Scientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstoforecastthis

point,andsomeputthedateat2020orlater.Oneofthemostfamousforecastmodelsiscalled

theHubbertmodel2.Itassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve3.Arelated

conceptisthat4of"PeakOil."Theterm“PeakOil“indicatesthemomentinwhichwor1dwide

productionwillpeak,afterwardstostartonirreversibledecline.

TheHubbertmodelaccuratelypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStates

in1970.Themodelhassincegainedinpopularityandhasbeenusedtoforecastoilproduction

worldwide.

However,recentstudiesshowthatthemodelisinsufficienttoaccountfor5morecomplexoil

productioncyclesofsomecountries.Thosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges,

politics,andotherfactors,thescientistssay.

ThenewstudydescribesdevelopmentofanewversionoftheHubbertmodelthatprovidesa

morerealisticandaccurateoilproductionforecast.Usingthenewmodel,thescientistsevaluated

theoilproductiontrendsof47majoroil-producingcountries,whichsupplymostoftheworld*s

conventionalcrudeoil6.Theyestimatedthatworldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeak

in2014,yearsearlierthananticipated.ThescientistsalsoshowedthattheworldJsoilreserves7

arebeingreducedatarateof2.1percentayear.Thenewmodelcouldhelpinformenergy-related

decisionsandpublicpolicydebate,theysuggest.

词汇：

conservev.保护，保存irreversibleadj.不可逆的，不可改变的

crudeoil原油

sparkv.闪耀;激发;鼓舞insufficient不充分的，不足的

curven.曲线

注释：

1.ACS'Energy&Fuels：ACS是AmericanChemicalSociety（美国化学学会）的缩写。该学会成立于1876

年，现已成为世界最大的科技协会。多年来，ACS•直致力于为全球化学研究机构、企业及个人提供高品

质的文献资讯及服务。ACS出版的期刊有34种，这些期刊在化学领域中是被引用次数最多的化学期刊，

Energy&Fuels即是其中一本。

2.theHubbertmodel：赫伯特模型是美国地质学家M.KingHubbert于1956年创建的，这是一个随时

间增长的模型，Hubberl将其引入油气田开发，经推导使其成为一个可以预测油气田累积产量、瞬时产量、

年产量和可采储量等多项开发指标的多功能预测模型。

3.abel1shapedcurve：钟形曲线

4.thatofpeakoi1：that指代concept。

5.accountfor：说明，解释

6.conventionalcrudeoi1：常规原油

7.oilreserves：石油储量。通常使用复数形式reserves。

练习：

1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“sparked“appearinginparagraph

2?

A.flashed

B.stimulated

C.changed

D.ended

2.Theterm〃abellshapedcurve“appearinginparagraph2indicatesthatglobaloilproduction

will

A.taketheshapeofaflatcurve.

B.keepgrowing.

C.keepdeclining.

D.starttodeclineafterglobaloilproductionpeaks.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheHubbertmode1?

A.ItsuccessfullypredictedthatoilproductionpeakedintheU.S.in1970.

B.Ithasbeenusedtopredictoilproductioninmanycountries.

C.Itisinsufficienttoexplainoilproductioncyclesinsomecountries.

D.Itprovidesaveryrealisticandaccurateoilproduction.

4.Whatisthemajorachievementofthenewstudymentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Itpredictsglobaloilproductionwillpeakin2014.

B.Itpredictsoilproductionwilldeclinein47countries.

C.ItconfirmsfurthertheeffectivenessoftheHubbertmodel.

D.Itdiscoversanewgendofworldwideoilproduction.

5.WhodevelopthenewversionoftheHubbertmodel?

A.Americanscientists.

B.Kuwaitiscientists.

C.Britishscientists.

D.Scientistsof47majoroil-producingcountries.

答案与题解：

l.Bspark一词做及物动词使用时有“发动”、“激发”的意思,在此意为stimulated,即“引发”,

这个句子的意思是：全球石油消费的快速增长已引发了对“石油峰值”预测的兴趣。

2.D此句接下来的句子中所提到的arelatedconcept即是与abellshapedcurve相关的概念，也

就是说，接卜.来的这个句子对abellshapedcurve做了解释，即世界石油生产达到最大峰值后将卜.降。

3.D文章的第三段告诉我们，Hubbert预测模型精确地预测到美国石油生产于1970年将达到峰值。这

•模型自受到公认后，已用于预测世界石油生产。第四段说，这模型对于某些国家更加复杂的石油生产

周期而言，其计算尚不充分。这些生产周期受到技术的改变、政策和其他因素的很大影响。所以，A、B和

C都是对Hubbert模型的正确说明。

4.A选项B、C和D所述内容均未在文章中提到。最后一段告诉我们，科学家使用新的模型评估了47

个主要的产油国家的石油生产趋势，并预计全球常规原油生产到2014年将达最高峰值。所以，A是答案。

5.B短文第一段的第一个句子提供了答案。

弟八扁

WeavingwithLight

IntheSierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexicol,thenativeHuicholpeople2live

muchthewaytheirancestorsdid-withoutelectricity.That'sbecauseit*stooexpensivetostring

powerlines3totheremotemountainareaswherethey1ive.Tohelpsupportthemselves,theHuichol

createbeautifulartwork.Theyselltheirartincitieshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirvillages.

Andwithoutelectricity-athomeorontheroad,theycanonlyworkduringdaylighthours.When

itgetsdark,theymuststopwhateverthey'redoing.

Now,ateamofscientists,designers,andarchitectsisusing4newtechnologiestoprovide

theHuicholwithlightafterthesunsetsThescientists,techniqueinvolvesweavingtiny

electroniccrystalsintofabricsthatcanbemadeintoclothes,bags,orotheriterns.

Bycollectingthesun,senergyduringtheday,theselightweightfabricsprovidebrightwhite

lightatnight.Theirinventorshavenamedthefabrics"PortableLights."PortableLightshave

thepotentialtotransformthelivesofpeoplewithoutelectricityaroundtheworld,saysproject

leaderSheilaKennedy.

“Ourinvention,“Kennedysays,“camefromseeinghowwecouldtransformtechnologywesaw

everydayintheUnitedStatesandmoveitintonewmarketsforpeoplewhodidn'thavealot

ofmoney.w

Atthecoreof5PortableLighttechnologyaredevicescalledhigh-brightness1ight-emitting

diodes,orHBLEDs6.Thesetinylightsappearindigitalclocks,televisions,andstreetlights.

LEDsarecompletelydifferentfromthelightbulbs.Mostofthoseglassbulbsbelongtoa

typecalledincandescent1ights.Inside,electricityheatsametalcoiltoabout2,200degrees

Celsius.Atthattemperature,bulbsgiveofflightwecansee.

Ninetypercentofenergyproducedbyincandescent1ights,however,isheat-andinvisible.

Withallthatwastedenergy,bulbsbumoutquickly.Theyarealsoeasilybroken.

LEDs,ontheotherhand,areliketinypiecesofrockmadeupofmoleculesthatarearranged

inacrystalstructure.WhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughanLED,thecrystalstructure

produceslight.Unlikeincandescentbulbs,theycanproducelightofvariouscolors.Withinan

LED,thetypeofmoleculesandtheirparticulararrangementdetermineswhatcolorisproduced.

词汇：

Portableadj.轻便的,手提式的incandescentadj.白灼的

Light-emittingdiode(LED)发光二极管coiln.线圈,卷，圈

Bulbn.灯泡;球状物moleculen.分子

注释：

1.SierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexico：婚西哥中西部的马德雷山脉。Sierra一

词在西班牙语中本身就包含了“山脉”的意思，确切地说是“呈齿状起伏的山脉〃，因为在西班牙语中

Sierra有“锯子〃的意思。

2.Huicholpeople：维克人。他们是居住在墨西哥中西部地区马德雷山脉的土著印地安人。该地区山

路崎岖，所以西班牙人未涉足于此，墨西哥文化也没能影响维克人的土著文化。据估计，维克印地安人现

仅存约一万人。

3.stringpowerlines：架设输电线

4.Now,ateamofscientists…isusing：ateamofscientists可以视作单数，也可以视作复数。

本句用作单数，所以后接的谓语动词是is。

5.Atthecoreof：此处thecoreof意为thebasicormostimportantpartof(最重要的部分)。

6.AtthecoreofPortableLighttechnologyaredevicescalledhigh-brightnesslight-emitting

diodes,orHBLEDs：本句是倒装句,主语是"devicescalledhigh-brightnesslight-emittingdiodes,

orHBLEDs”,谓语动词是“are"。High-brightnesslight-emittingdiodes可译为“高亮度发光二极

管。

练习：

1.Tomakealiving,theHuicho1createartworkand

A.sellittotouristsintheirvillages.

B.sellitincitiesfarawayfromtheirvillages.

C.displayitintheirvillagemuseum.

D.keepitintheirhomestoattracttourists.

2.WhyCanPortableLightsemitlight?

A.Electroniccrystalsarewovenintofabrics.

B.Itemssuchasclothesandbagsareusedtocarrylights.

C.Thesun'senergyiscollectedduringtheday.

I).A11oftheabove.

3.WhatdoesSheilaKennedysayaboutPortableLights?

A.ThisinventionCanchangethelivesofpeople,bothrichandpoor.

B.TheyarewidelyusedintheUnitedStates.

C.PortableLightscanhelppoorpeoplearoundtheworldtogetlight.

D.Theyareexpensivetomakebuteasytocarry.

4.WhatisthemostimportantpartofthePortableLighttechnology?

A.HBLEDs

B.GlassBulbs.

C.Incandescent1ights.

D.Heatedmetalcoils.

5.LEDsaredifferentfrom1ightbulbsinthat

A.LEDsaleincandescentlightswhilelightbulbsarenot.

B.LEDshaveametalcoilwhilelightbulbshavenot.

C.LEDsemitcoloredlightwhilemostfightbulbsdon,t.

D.LEDsaremadeupoftinypiecesofrockwhilelightbulbsarenot.

答案与题解：

LB短文的笫段提供了答案，该段告诉我们，维克人为了谋生，制作工艺品，并到儿百英里以外的

城市去销售。

2.D文章的第二和第三段包括了A、B和C所述内容。所以D是答案。

3.C短文的第四和第五段提供了答案。短文第四段的句子说了PotableLights可以在世界范围内改变

穷乡僻壤用不上电的人们的生活，C准确地表达了这层意思，所以是答案。A不是答案，说PolableLights

能改变富人穷人的生活，不符合原文的意思。短文没有提及PortableLights在美国使用，也没有说Portable

Lights是否花费很大。所以B和D都不是答案。

4.A第六段的第一句提供了答案。PortableLights技术的最主要部分是high-brightness

light-emittingdiodes,即高亮度发光二极管。

5.C短文的第六段对lightbulbs进行了描述。第二句中的thoseglassbulbs即指第一句中的light

bulbso因此，LEDs不是incandescentlights(白炽灯),也没有金属丝。所以A和B均是错误的选择。最

后一段的第一个句子LEDs,ontheotherhand,areliketinypiecesofrock

madeupofmoleculesthatarearrangedinacrystalstructure1tl的likepiecesofrock,不

等于piecesofrock,所以，D也是错误选择。根据短文的最后一段内容，C是正确选择。

第三十四篇

BatteriesBuiltbyViruses

Whatdochickenpox,thecommoncold,theflu,andAIDShaveincommon?They,realldisease

causedbyviruses,tinymicroorganismsthatcanpassfrompersontoperson.It/snowonder1that

whenmostpeoplethinkaboutviruses,findingwaystosteerclearof2virusesiswhat'sonpeoplefs

minds.

Noteveryonerunsfromthetinydiseasecarriers,though3.InCambridge,Massachusetts^

scientistshavediscoveredthatsomevirusescanbehelpfulinanunusualway.Theyareputting

virusestowork,teachingthemtobuildsomeoftheworld'ssmallestrechargeablebatteries.

Virusesandbatteriesmayseemlikeanunusualpair,butthey*renotsostrangeforengineer

AngelaBelcher,whofirstcameupwith5theidea.AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

(MIT)inCambridge,sheandhercollaboratorsbringtogetherdifferentareasofscienceinnew

ways.Inthecaseofthevirus-builtbatteries,thescientistscombinewhattheyknowaboutbiology,

technologyandproductiontechniques.

Belcher,steamincludesPaulaHammond,whohelpsputtogetherthetinybatteries,andYet-Ming

Chiang,anexpertonhowtostoreenergyintheformofabattery."We'reworkingonthingswe

traditionallydon'tassociatewithnature,“saysHammond.

Manybatteriesarealreadyprettysmall.YoucanholdA,CandDbatteries6inyourhand.

Thecoin-likebatteriesthatpowerwatchesareoftensmallerthanapenny.However,everyyear,

newelectronicdeviceslikepersonalmusicplayersorcellphonesgetsmallerthantheyearbefore.

Asthesedevicesshrink,ordinarybakerieswon'tbesmallenoughtofitinside.

Theidealbatterywi11storealotofenergyinasmallpackage.Rightnow,Belcher,smodel

battery,ametallicdiskcompletelybuiltbyviruses,looks1ikearegularwatchbattery.But

inside,itscomponentsareverysmall-sotinyyoucanonlyseethemwithapowerfulmicroscope.

Howsmal1arethesebatteryparts?Togetsomeideaofthesize,pluckonehairfromyour

head.Placeyourhaironapieceofwhitepaperandtrytoseehowwideyourhairis-prettythin,

right?Althoughthewidthofeachpersonfshairisabitdifferent,youcouldprobablyfitabout

10ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts,sidetoside,acrossonehair.Thesemicrobatteriesmay

changethewaywelookatviruses7.

词汇：

chickenpox水痘collaboratorn.合作者，协作者

microorganismn.微生物pluckv.拔，摘,采

metallicadj.金属的

注释：

l.nowonder：不足为奇的，难怪

2.steerclearof：避开，绕开

3.though：意思为“然而，可是"。在句中使用时通常放在句末。

4.Cambridge,Massachusetts：马萨诸塞州的剑桥市。本文第三段提到的theMassachusettsInstitute

ofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge即指坐落于剑桥市的麻省理工学院。麻省理工学院于1861年由著名自

然科学家威廉•巴罗吉杰斯创立。这是美国的•所私立研究型大学，培养高级科技人才和管理人才，是以

理工科为主的、世界一流的综合性大学。

5.cameupwith：提出

6.A,CandDbatteries：A、C、D均为电池型号。

7.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses：这些微型电池可能会改变我们

看待病毒的方式。作者想表达的意思是：人们一直认为病毒有害无益，现在病毒可用来制作电池，人们对

病毒的看法可能会因此而发生变化。

练习：

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peopletryto

A.killmicroorganismsrelatedtochickenpox,theflu,etc.

B.keepthemselvesawayfromvirusesbecausetheyareinvisible.

C.stayawayfromvirusesbecausetheyarecausesofvariousdiseases.

D.curethemselvesofvirus-relateddiseasesbytakingmedicines.

2.WhatisBelcher,steamdoingatpresent?

A.Itisfindingwaystogetridofviruses..

B.Itismass-producingmicrobatteries.

C.Itismakingbatterieswithviruses.

D.Itisanalyzingvirusgenes.

3.Whatexpressionbe1owisoppositeinmeaningtotheword"shrink“appearinginparagraph

5?

A.Broaden.

B.Spread.

C.Extend.

D.Expand.

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueofBelcherfsbatterymentionedinparagraph6?

A.Itismadeofmetal.

B.Itisakindofwatchbattery.

C.Itcanonlybeseenwithamicroscope.

D.Itisametallicdiskwithvirusesinsideit.

5.Howtinyisonebatterypart?

A.Itswidthisonetonthofahair.

B.Itequalsthewidthofahair.

C.Itisasthinasapieceofpaper.

D.Itswidthistootinytomeasure.

答案与题解:

1.C短文第一段的大致意思是，许多疾病都由病毒引起，诸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病，所以人们想尽办

法躲避病毒。这是C所表达的意思。A不是正确选择，因为文章并没有说人们想方设法去杀死病毒。B的后

半句的内容（病毒肉眼看不见）和D的内容（吃药治疗病毒引起的疾病）文中没有提到。

2.C短文的第二段明确提供了答案。

3.D根据上下文，shrink在此的意思是“收缩〃，即“缩小〃。所以，它的反义词是expand（增大，扩

张）。C不是正确选择,因为extend的意思是becomelonger,即“延伸”或“加长〃。A的意思是“加宽”，

也不是答案。B的意思是“伸展，展开〃，在一定的上下文里也可以做shrink的反义词，但在第五段这个

语境里，B不是最佳选择。

4.D第六段第二句中提到的metallicdisk是指“金属圆盘”，它是微型电池的外形，其内部是由病

毒构成的电池部件。微型电池不是由金属组成的，所以A不是答案。本段提至IJ,这种电池lookslikearegular

watchbattery,与手表里电池外形相似，但并不等同手表电池，所以B也不是正确选择。文章只是说电池

的部件（但并没有说整个电池）小到只能用显微镜才能看到，所以C也不是正确的选择。D才是第六段所要

表达的主要内容，因此是答案。

5.A短文最后一段的第四句的'youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbattery

parts,sidetoside,acrossonehair"）提供了本题的答案

第三十八篇

LongerLivesforWildElephants

Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals,wherestrugglessuchasdifficultyfinding

foodandavoidingpredatorsdon'texist.Withoutsuchproblems,animalsinzoosshouldliveto

aripeoldagel.

Butthatmaynotbetruefor2thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthat

elephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseases,jointproblemsandbehavior

changes.Sometimes,theyevenbecomeinfertile,orunabletohavebabies.

To1earnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephants,ateamofinternationalscientists

comparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoors

intheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircare,documenting

factorssuchasbirthdates,illnesses,weightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossibleforme

researcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.

Thescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoo-bornelephantswiththelifespansofthousands

offema1ewiIdelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcamps3,over

approximatelythesametimeperiod.

TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.

Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years-morethanthree

timesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpattern.Inzoos,theylived18.9years,

whilethoseintheloggingcamps1ived41.7years.

Scientistsdon，tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raised

counterparts.GeorgiaMason,abiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,

thinksstressandobesitymaybetoblame4.Zooelephantsdon'tgetthesamekindofexercisethey

wouldinthewild,andmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoos

thaninthewild,wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups.

AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremore1ikelyto

dieearlythanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstress

inthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatareless1ikelytosurvive.

Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesome

threatenedandendangeredspecies1ivinginzoosreproducesuccessful]yandmaintainhealthy

populations,thatdoesn,tappeartobethecasewithelephants."Currently,zoosarenetconsumers

ofelephants,notnetproducers,Masonsays.

词汇：

predatorn.食肉动物captivity/n.监禁;束缚

ripeadj.成熟的farev.过活，生活

infertileadj.不生育的obesityn.过度肥胖;肥胖症

注释：

1.livetoaripeoldage：这是一种固定用法，意思是livetoanagethatisconsideredtobe

very

old（长寿，高寿）。

2.betruefor：或者betrueof：对...适用。短文中第二段第一句:Butthatmaynotbetruefor

thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.这里，作为主语的that指的是第一段所陈述的内容。这个句子

要传达的意思是：动物园对其他动物来说是一个安栖之地，而对大象来说却不然。

3.loggingcamps：伐木场。Logging作为名词，意思是：伐木业。

4.stressandobesitymaybetoblame：压力和肥胖是问题的根源。betoblame：该受责备，应承

担责任。

练习：

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,un1ikeotherzooanimals,zooelephants

A.havedifficultyeatingfood.

B.livetoaripeoldage.

C.arenotafraidofpredators.

D.develophealthproblems.

2.Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists*researchonthelifespansof

elephantsisNOTtrue?(Seeparagraph3)?

A.Theycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephants.

B.Theykeptdetai1edrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare.

C.Theyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoos.

D.Thezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos.

3.Whatdothescientistfindintheirresearch?

A.Femaleelephants1ivelongerthanmaleelephants.

B.Femalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterparts.

C.Femalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterparts.

D.Elephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans.

4.WhatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityZoo-raisedelephantsgenerallysuffer

from?

A.Theydonotlikelivinginherds.

B.Theydonotgetenoughexercise.

C.Theydonotlivewiththeirfamilies.

D.BothBandC.

5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph7?

A.Itmaynotbeawisepolicytokeepelephantsinthezoo.

B.Elephantsarenolongeranendangeredspecies.

C.Zoo-bornelephantsshouldbelookedaftermorecarefully.

D.Zoosshouldkeepmoreanimalsexceptelephants.

答案与题解:

LD短文的第•段告诉我们，人们通常认为动物园内的动物没有猎食的困难，也不受其他猎食动物的

威胁，所以一般寿命较长。但第一段并没有提及大象。第二段则说，动物园内的大象却不然，它们面临很

多健康问题。所以，除了【）以外，其他选项均不符合这两段内容。

2.B第三段告诉我们，动物园，而不是这些研究人员，保存了所有园内动物的详细相关信息。所以应

该选择B。其他三个选项均能在该段中找到相关内容。

3.C短文的第四段提供了答案。该段告诉我们，野生的雌性大象的平均寿命是动物园里的雌性大象平

均寿命的3倍还多。

4.D短文的第五段提供了答案。该段第三句的意思是：动物园里的大象不像野生大象那样活动，因此

非常肥胖。他们也不像野生大象那样过着群居的生活,即liveinherdsandfamilygroups<>

5.A短文通篇陈述了大象在动物园内的生存问题，最后•段是全文的总结。该段第句指出，对动物

园大象的研究向人们提出了一个问题：是否应该将更多的大象关进动物园。该段还重复了第一、第二段的

观点：其他动物在动物园能够很好地繁衍生息，而大象却不能。所以，A是正确选择。B、C、D均没有在文

中被提及

第四十五篇

SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers

Low-saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers,accordingtoastudyby

aPennStateCollegeofAgriculturalScienceslfoodscientist.Theresearchindicatesthatgenetic

factorsinfluencesomeofthedifferenceinthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.

Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecent,wel1-publicizedeffortstoreducethesalt

contentinfood2haveleftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteas

goodtothemasitdoestoothers3,pointedoutJohnHayes,assistantprofessoroffoodscience,

whowasleadinvestigator4onthestudy.

Dietshighinsaltcanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.Thatiswhypublic

healthexpertsandfoodcompaniesareworkingtogetheronwaystohelpconsumerslowersaltintake

throughfoodsthatareenjoyabletoeat.Thisstudyincreasesunderstandingofsaltpreference

andconsumption.

Theresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodssuchassoup

andchips,onmultipleoccasions,spreadoutoverweeks5.Testsubjectswere45menand42women,

reportedlyhealthy,ranginginagefrom20to40years.Thesamplewascomposedofindividuals

whowerenotactivelymodifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyrated

theintensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale,rangingfrombarelydetectableto

strongestsensationofanykind.

“MostofUSlikethetasteofsalt.However,someindividualseatmoresalt,bothbecause

theylikethetasteofsaltinessmore,andalsobecauseitisneededtoblockotherunpleasant

tastesinfood,“saidHayes."Supertasters,peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoreintensely,consume

moresaltthannontastersdo.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor,andatleast

forthesefoods,moreisbetter,sothesupertastersseemtolikethemmore.”

However,supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasantbittertastesin

foodssuchascheese,Hayesnoted."Forexample,cheeseisawonderfulblendofdairyflavors

fromfermentedmiIk,butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt,“hesaid.

“Asupertasterfindslow-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronouncedo6.

Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFoxandageneticistnamed

Blakeslee,showingthatindividualsdifferintheirabilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asa

result,Hayesexplained,weknowthatawiderangeintasteacuityexists,andthisvariation

isasnormalasvariationsineyeandhaircolor.

“Somepeople,calledsupertasters,describebittercompoundsasbeingextremelybitter,

whileothers,callednontasters,findthesesamebittercompoundstobetastelessoronlyweakly

bitter,〃hesaid."Responsetobittercompoundsisoneofmanywaystoidentifybiological

difterencesinfoodpreferencebecausesupertasting7isnotlimitedtobitterness.（476）

词汇：

publicizev.引起公众对…的注意；（用广告）宣传fermentv.（使）发酵

geneticistn.遗传学家

dietaryadj.饮食的;规定食物的acuityn.敏锐;尖锐

注释：

1.PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences：即PennStateUniversity-Collegeof

AgriculturalSciences宾州州立大学农学院。Penn是Pennsylvania的缩写,是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。

宾州州立大学建于1855年，在全国共有24个分校。在句中，PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences

用作定语，修饰foodscientists

2.well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfood：大力宣传减少食物含盐量的做

法

3.leftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemas

itdoestoothers：使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。fare相当丁・food。

4.leadinvestigator：研发项目负责人

5.,••carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodsassoupandchips,