职称英语试题（理工类）

职称英语试题（理工类）

第一部分阅读理解（75分）

Passage1

CATVisashortwayofsaying*communityantenna（天线）

television.*But'cabletelevision，isthetermmostpeopleuse.

CabletelevisionallowsviewerstoreceiveTVprogramsthatthey

cannotpickupwiththeirregularantennas.

Televisionsignalsdonotfollowthecurve（曲线）oftheearth.

Theytravelinstraightlinesinalldirections.Signalsfroma

TVstationmovetowardthehorizon（水平线）andthengointo

space.Ifyouliveonlyafewmilesfromastation,youmay

notgetanypictureatall.

CATVbeganin1948.PeopleinplacesfarfromTVstationsshared

thecostofputtinguphighantennas.Acommunityantennawas

usuallyplacedonahill,amountain,oronahightower.The

antennapickedupTVsignalsandfedthemintoasmalllocal

station.Fromthestation,thickwirescalledcablesranoutto

nearbyhomes.Eachpersonusingthecablepaidamonthlycharge.

CATVworkedwell,andsoonnewuseswerefoundforit.Local

stationscouldfeedprogramsintoemptychannelsthatwerenotin

use.Peoplealongthecablecouldhavelocalnews,weather

reports,andfarmandschoolnewsatnoextracharge.

Today,cabletelevisionhasmovedintocities.Itbringsinextra

programsthatcityviewerswithregularantennascannotsee.It

isalsousedinmanyclassroomsthroughoutthecountry.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat.

OA.mostpeopleusecabletelevision

OB.?communityantenna，isanothernameforJregularantenna，

OC.acommunityantennaisusedforcabletelevision

OD.regularantennascannotpickupTVsignalsprograms

2.Ofthefollowing,whichisNOTthewayTVsignalstravel?

OA.Inacurve.

OB.Inastraightline.

OC.Inalldirection.

OD.Towardthehorizon.

3.CableTVisbecomingmoreandpopularbecause.

OA.itisfreeofcharge

OB.itcanprovidemoreprograms

OC.itprovidesallTVusersgoodpictures

OD.TVsetswithregularantennascanalsohaveagood

receptionthroughCATV

4.Onthewhole,thispassageisabout.

OA.howtoputuphighantennas

OB.awayofpickingupbetterTVprograms

OC.howtousetheemptychannelsonyourTVset

OD.thewaythatTVsignalsaresent

5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

OA.TVhasbeguntobeusedforeducationalpurposes

OB.thereisnochargeforCATV

OC.cableTVcannotbeusedinmountainousareas

OD.antennasforcableTVareusuallyputupinthecenterof

acommunity

Passage2

Inearliesttimes,menconsideredlightningtobeoneofthe

greatmysteriesofnature.Someancientpeoplebelievedthat

lightningandthunderweretheweaponsofthegods.

Inreality,lightningisaflowofelectricityformedhighabove

theearth.Asingleflashoflightning1.6kilometerslonghas

enoughelectricitytolightonemillionlightbulbs.

TheAmericanscientistandstatesman,BenjaminFranklin,wasthe

firsttoshowtheconnectionbetweenelectricityandlightningin

1752.Inthesameyearhealsobuiltthefirstlightningrod.

ThisdeviceprotectsbuiIdingsfromdamagebylightning.

Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatonestrokeoflightingcontains

morethan15millionvolts.Asparkbetweenacloudandthe

earthmaybeaslongas13kilometers,andtravelataspeed

of30millionmeterspersecond.

Scientistsestimatethatthereareabout2000millionflashesof

lightningperyear.LightninghitstheEmpireStateBuildingin

NewYorkCity30to48timesayear.IntheUnitedStates

alongitkillsanaverageofonepersoneveryday.

Thesafestplacetobeincaseofanelectricalstormisina

closedcar.Outside,oneshouldgotolowgroundandnotget

undertrees.Also,oneshouldstayoutofwaterandawayfrom

metalfences.Insideahouse,peopleshouldavoidopendoorways

andwindowsandnottouchwiresormetalthings.

Withlightning,itisbettertobesafethansorry!

6.Lightningisreally・

OA.weapon

OB.electricity

OC.light

OD.mystery

7.Peopleoncethoughthatlightningcamefrom.

OA.scientists

OB.ground

OC.lightningrod

OD.gods

8.Oneflashoflightningcanproduceenoughelectricityfor

bulbs.

OA.10,000

OB.1,000

OC.1,000,000

OD.100

9.BenjaminFranklin.

OA.madethefirstlightningrod

OB.inventedelectricity

OC.builttheEmpireStateBuilding

OD.preventedLightningfromhittingcars

10.isthebestplacetobeduringanelectricalstorm.

OA.Swimmingpool

OB.ahighground

OC.Underatree

OD.Acar

Passage3

Becauseoftheenergycrisis,scientistsintheoil-consuming

nationshavebecomeincreasinglyinterestedinthepotential（潜在的）

ofsolarenergy.Someexpertsestimatethatthepresentsupplyof

fossil（化石）fuelwillnotlastuntiltheendofthetwentieth

century.Theproblemthatsolarenergyresearchersfaceishowto

harness（利用）thesun'senergyeffectivelyandinexpensively.One

ofthemostpopularmethodscurrentlybeingtestedusesrooftop

solarcollectorsandundergroundstoragetanks.Anadvantageofa

properlyworkingsystemofthistypeisthatitwillnotcreate

anyenvironmentalpollution.Anotheradvantageofusingsolar

energyisthatthecostofthefuel-thesun'srays-iszero.When

asolarheatingsystemisworkingatmaximum（最大的）efficiency,

itcanprovideupto80percentofwinterheatingneeds.

11.Themaintopicofthispassageis.

OA.theshortageoffossilfuel

OB.theproblemsthatenergyresearchersface

OC.anenvironmentalpollutionproblem

OD.aninexpensiveenergysource

12.Onepopularsolarheatingsystemmakesuseof.

OA.roofcollectorsandundergroundstorage

OB.fossilfuelconversion

OC.undergroundoiltanks

OD.watercollectionandevaporation

13.Thecostofusingthesun，sraysforheatingis.

OA.aboutthesameasthecostoffossilfuels

OB.severalhundreddollarsperyear

OC.negligiblecomparedwithotherenergysources

OD.determinedbytheseverityofthewinter

14.Whichofthefollowingdescribesanadvantageofusingsolar

energy?

OA.Thereislittleornoenvironmentalpollution.

OB.Alargepercentageoffuelcostscanbesaved.

OC.Fossilfuelswillbecomemoreplentiful.

OD.Theoil-consumingnationswillnothavetoimportoil.

15.Accordingtosomeexperts,thesupplyoffossi1fuelwill

notlast,

OA.onemorecentury

OB.anindeterminabletime

OC.untiltheendofthiscentury

OD.indefinitely

第二部分完成句子（25分）

根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请

将其余字母补全。

Notlongago,anairplanewasflyingoverNewZealand.Therewas

atelevisioncameracrewonboard.Suddenly,outinthenight

sky,abrightsphere（球体）cameintoview.Everyoneonboard

sawitandeveryonethough,?UF0,-UnidentifiedFlyingObject.The

cameracrewwentintoactionandstartedfilming.Thatweek

peopleallovertheworldsawthefilmofthismysteriouslight

ontheirtelevisionscreens.Whatwasit?Wasitaspaceship

fullofvisitorsfromanotherplanet?Thecaptainofthe

aeroplaneandthefilmcrewbelieveditwas.Otherobservershad

manydifferentexplanations.SomesaiditwasVenus（金星）・Others

saiditwasjustatrickoflight.

Anairtrafficcontrolleralsosawitonhisradarscreen.He

thoughtthataflockofbirdswascausingdotsonhisradar

screenwhenthe'UF0，appeared.

Mostastronomersnowbelievethatwhatthesepeoplesawwas

almostcertainlytheplanetVenus.Atthattimeofyearitis

verybrightandeasytosee.Andfromamovingaeroplaneitcan

appeartobemovingfast.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOs

orspaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.Theseyears

investigatorsofUFOshaveinvestigatedthousandsofsighting-or

occasionswhenpeoplesaidtheysawaUFO.Ninetypercentof

theseturnedouttohaveasimpleexplanation.

However,it'sgoodideatokeepanopenmind.Scientistsinsome

countriesaretryingtopersuadetheirgovernmentstohelpthem

studyUFOs.Andtheyareplanningtocooperateinter-nationallyon

reportingandinvestigatingsightingsofUFOs.

Afterall,itisquitepossiblethatthereislifeouttherein

theuniverse.Andifsomethingisalive,itisquitepossible

thatitwillcometovisitus.

16.ThecaptainandthecameracrewbelievedthatUFOwasa

vspaceshipfromanotherplanet.

17.ManyobelievedthattheUFOwasVenus.

18.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsarespfromouter

space.

19.Somescientistsintheworldareplanningtodosomer

onUFOs.

20.P1ifeintheuniversemaytrytomakeavisittous.

第三部分阅读理解（80分）

Passage1

Inrecentyears,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentshave

drasticallychangedhumanlifeonourplanet,aswellasour

viewsbothofourselvesasindividualsinsocietyandofthe

universeasawhole.Maybeoneofthemostprofounddevelopments

ofthelastdecadeisthediscoveryofrecombinantDNAtechnology,

whichallowsscientiststointroducegenetic（遗传学的）material

（orgenes）fromoneorganismintoanother.Initssimplestform,

thetechnologyrequirestheisolationofapieceofDNA,either

directlyfromtheDNAoftheorganismunderstudy,or

artificiallysynthesizedfromanDNA.ThispieceofDNAisthen

ligated（结扎）toafragmentofbacterialDNAwhichhasthe

capacitytoreplicate（复制）itselfindependently.Therecombinant

moleculethusproducedcanbeintroducedintothecommon

intestinal（内部的）bacteriumEscherishchiacoli,whichcanbe

growninverylargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.Underproper

conditions,theforeigngenewillnotonlyreplicateinthe

bacteria,butalsoexpressitself,throughtheprocessof

transcriptionandtranslation,togiverisetolargeamountsof

thespecificproteincodedbytheforeigngene.

Thetechnologyhasalreadybeensuccessfullyappliedtothe

productionofseveraltherapeutically（疗法的）importantbiomolecules,

suchas,growthhormones,interferon,insulin.

Manyotherimportantapplicationsareunderdetailedinvestigation

inlaboratoriesthroughouttheworld.

21.RecombinantDNAtechnologyconsistsprimarilyof

OA.producingseveraltherapeuticallyimportantbiomolecules

OB.givingrisetolargeamountsofprotein

OC.introducinggeneticmaterialfromoneorganismintoanother

OD.usingaviralenzymecalledreversetranscriptase

22.RecombinantDNAtechnologyhasbeenusedintheproductionof

allofthefollowingbiomoleculesexcept.

OA.growthhormones

OB.Escherishchiacoli

OC.interferon

OD.insulin

23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

OA.Theforeigngenewillreplicateinthebacteria,butit

willnotexpressitselfthroughtranscriptionandtranslation.

OB.ThebacteriumEscherishchiacolicanbegrowninlarge

amountsinsyntheticmedia.

OC.Researchcontinuesinanefforttofindotherusesforthis

technology.

OD.RecombinantDNAtechnologyisarecentdevelopment.

24.ExpressionofageneinEscherishchiacolirequires

OA.theviralenzymereversetranscriptase

OB.theprocessesoftranscriptionandtranslation

OC.productionofinsulinandotherbiomolecules

OD.thatthebacteriabegrowninasyntheticmedia

25.Thetermrecombinantisusedbecause.

OA.byligation,arecombinantmoleculeisproduced,whichhas

thecapacityofreplication

OB.thetechniquerequiresthecombinationofseveraltypesof

technology

OC.byligation,arecombinantproteinisproduced,partof

whoseaminoacidscomefromdifferentorganism

OD.Escherishchiacoliisarecombinantorganism

Passage2

Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwill

observethebasicconceptsofgeometrybeinglearned.Oncethe

babyhasmasteredtheideathatspaceisthree-dimensional,it

reachesoutandbeginsgraspingvariouskindsofobjects.Itis

then,fromperhapsninetofifteenmonths,thattheconceptsof

setsandnumbersareformed.Sofar,sogood.Butnowominous

（不祥的）developmenttakesplace.Thenervefibersinthebrain

insulate（使隔离）themselvesinsuchawaythatthebabybegins

tohearsoundsveryprecisely.Soonitpicksuplanguage,andit

isthenbroughtintodirectcommunicationwithadults.Fromthis

pointon,itisusuallydownhillallthewayformathematics,

becausethechildnowbecomesexposedtoallthenonsensewords

andbeliefsofthecommunityintowhichithasbeenso

unfortunateastohavebeenborn.Naturehavingdoneverywel1

bythechildnowbecomesexposedtoallthenonsensewordsand

beliefsoftothispoint,havingpermittedittheluxuryof

thinkingforitselfforeighteenmonths,nowabandonsittothe

arbitraryconventionsandbeliefsofsociety.Butatleastthe

childknowssomethingofgeometryandnumbers,anditwillalways

retainsomememoryoftheearlyhalcyon（平静的）daysnomatter

whatvicissitudes（变化）itmaysufferlateron.Themain

reservoirofmathematicaltalentinanysocietyisthuspossessed

bychildrenwhoareabouttwoyearsold.Childrenwhohavejust

learnedtospeakfluently.

26.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

OA.Theimpactoflanguageonmathematics.

OB.Children，sabilitytolearnlanguages.

OC.Howbasicconceptsofphysicsarelearned.

OD.Math-learningstrategiesforbabies.

27.Accordingtothepassage,whichoffollowingactivitieswould

teachababygeometry?

OA.Pickingupawoodenblock.

OB.Recognizingthenumber2.

OC.Utteringanonsenseword.

OD.Lookingatdistantobjects.

28.Accordingtotheauthor,atwhatagedoesachildprobably

begintolearnaboutsetsandnumbers?

OA.Sixmonths.

OB.Ninemonths.

OC.Fifteenmonths.

OD.Eighteenmonths.

29.Theuseoftheword'ominous，showsthattheauthor

believethechild，s_____.

OA.linguisticfutureisthreatened

OB.nerveswilldeteriorate

OC.hearingwillsuffer

OD.mathematicalabilityalldecline

30.Thepassagesupportwhichofthefollowingconclusions?

OA.Thelanguageconceptsusedinearlyeducationinterferewith

mathematicalreasoning.

OB.Itishopelesstotrytoteachchildrenmathematicsafter

theageoftwo.

OC.Languageteachingshouldincorporatesomemathematicalformulas.

OD.Preschooleducationshouldstresssociety'sbeliefsand

conventions

第四部分概括大意（20分）

给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已

给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。

31.TheSolarE

Thesunisthesourceofmostoftheheatknowntous.Asa

directsourceofheat,thesunmaintainslifeuponthisplanet,

150000000kilometersdistant.Itisalsoanindirectsourceof

heat.Sincetheearthisderivedfromthesun,itisthelatter

thatwemusttracesomeoftheearth，sinternalheatthat

revealsitselfthroughvolcanoes,geysers（喷泉），andhotsprings.

32.InsectsandSurfaceT

Aninsectisnotafraidofgravity,butitisindeadlyfear

ofanotherforceofnature.Thisforceiscalledsurfacetension

（张力）.Amancomingoutofabathcarrieswithhimafilmof

wateraboutonefiftiethofaninchinthickness.Thisweights

aboutapound.Awetmousehastocarryitsownweightin

water.Awetflyhastoliftmanytimesitsownweight,and,

aseveryoneknows,aflyoncewettedbywateroranyother

liquidisinaveryseriouspositionindeed.Aninsectgoingfor

adrinkisinasgreatdangerasamanleaningovertheedge

ofacliffinsearchoffood.Ifitoncefallsintothegrip

ofthesurfacetensionofthewater-thatistosay,getswet

itislikelytoremainsountilitdrowns.Afewinsects

contrivetobeunwettable;themajoritykeepawayfromtheir

drinkbymeansoflongproboscis（喙）.

33.TofBoilingPointofLiquids

Whenthetemperatureofaliquidisraisedenough,theliquid

boils.Thismeansthatbubblesofvapor,containingmillionsof

moleculesformbelowthesurface.Inorderforsuchbubblesto

beproduced,thepressureofthevaporinsidethemmustbeequal

tothepressureoftheairuponthesurfaceoftheliquid.If

theairpressureisgreater,thebubblewillcollapse.The

boilingpointofaliquid,then,isthetemperatureatwhichthe

vaporpressureoftheliquidisequaltotheatmosphericpressure

upontheliquidatthesurface.

34.EandContraction

Solidsalsoexpandwithincreaseintemperatureandcontractwhen

cooled.Buttheydonotbehavequitesouniformly（相同地）in

thisrespectasliquidsandgasesdo,particularlyinthecase

ofwidevariations,intemperature.Mostsolidsexpendorcontract

byadefiniteamountforeverydegreeofthetemperaturethat

risesorfalls.Theamountbywhichonsubstanceexpandsand

contractsforonedegreeisnotusuallythesameasthatfora

differentsubstance.Thus,foragivenriseintemperature,a

pieceofbrassexpandsatlittlemorethanapieceofcopper

andmuchmorethanapieceofsteelofthesamesize.

35.AofElectricTrains

Electrictrainshavemanyadvantagesoverthosedrawnbysteam

engines.Thereisnosmoketosoilthepassengers'clothesand

thecushionsinthetrain.Becausetheycarrynoheavyloadsof

coalandwater,thesetrainscanstartandstopwithlesswaste

ofpower.Inastationtheyaresilent:there5snosteamto

producenoisetodeafenthepassengers.

第五部分阅读理解（120分）

Passage1

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-way

mirror…theglassintheroofagreenhousewhichallowsthe

sun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert*sprediction,theatmospherewillbe

7oCwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinues

toburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptook

place,theicecapesinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thus

raisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastal

cities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldlead

togreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,

possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth，schief

food-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearth

hasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuch

colderandhasamuchthickericesheet.Buttheweatherexperts

arenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybe

affectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,bya

warmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenext

fiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticiceare

alreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhata

warminghastakenplace.ThisfitsthetheorythatcarbonDioxide

warmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,

wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,

therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhave

exceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis.Whichnatural

causehasthemosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomers

atoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand'cold'

spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.As

thesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror'colder'

facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsof

theearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableaffectonthe

distributionoftheearth，satmosphericpressure,andconsequently

onwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:

itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrend

beingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsof

solar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermany

thousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.Theproblemis

thatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeentering

anewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthis

theoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadefaultofthousandsof

yeaswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia（惯性）ofthe

earth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbon

dioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balanceto

thesunsdiminishingheat.

36.Itcanconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxide

intheatmospherewould.

OA.preventthesunsraysfromreachingtheearth，ssurface

OB.meanawarmingupintheArctic

OC.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthern

hemisphere

OD.raisethetemperatureoftheearth*ssurface

37.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain.

OA.thegreenhouseeffect

OB.thesolareffectsontheearth

OC.themodelsofsolar-weatherintraction，s

OD.thecausesaffectingweather

38.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthern

hemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis

OA.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

OB.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

OC.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth，s

climate

OD.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

39.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinion

that.

OA.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

OB.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaofthe

earth，sclimatetotakeeffect

OC.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolar

effects

OD.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

40.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeis

correct,.

OA.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbeto

burnmorefuels

OB.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

OC.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere

couldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

OD.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageofthe

earth

Passage2

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,

naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld

（physicalandbiologicalsciences）,andsciencesdealingwith

mankind（psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofcultural

achievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge）.Apartfromthese

sciencesisphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalklater.Inthe

firstplace,allthisispureortheoreticalknowledge,sought

onlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfillthe

needtounderstandwhatisintrinsic（内在的）andconsubstantial

（同体的）toman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthathe

knowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworld

existed,andthattheworldwasofacertainkind,thathewas

intheworldandthathehimselfwasofacertainkind,he

wouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsorapplicationsof

knowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreat

importance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasman

andpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,he

mustdefendtheprimacy（第一位）andautonomyofpureknowledge.

Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhave

immediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportant

resultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,

exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians（空想家）.Letmerecal1

awell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotapplied

t