高铁及动车组铁路工程UIUC3.3-CEE498HSR Track Alignment Turnouts - HANDOUT

3/12/2014

Track

Alignment

&

Turnout

Design

RailTEC@Illinois

High

Speed

Rail

Engineering

TC

KaoConrad

Ruppert,

Jr.Rail

Transportation

&

Engineering

Center

(RailTEC)Department

of

Civil

and

Environmental

Engineering

Slide

1

Track

Design

Shall

Provide

for

…

RailTEC@IllinoisSafe

OperationsComfortable

RideMinimum

Life

Cycle

Cost

(LCC)Minimal

Impact

on

Environment

(Noise/Vibration)

Target

Design

Speed:

350

km/h

or

220

MPH

Slide

2

12Slide

4

3/12/2014

Newton’s

First

Law

of

Motion

RailTEC@Illinois

An

object

at

rest

will

remain

at

rest

unless

acted

on

by

a

force.

An

object

in

motion

continues

in

motion

with

the

same

speed

and

in

the

same

direction

unless

acted

upon

by

a

force.

This

law

is

often

called

"the

law

of

inertia".

Slide

3

Newton’s

Second

Law

of

Motion

RailTEC@Illinois

A

force

acting

on

a

mass

produces

acceleration

The

greater

the

mass

(of

the

object

being

accelerated)

the

greater

the

amount

of

force

needed

(to

accelerate

the

object)

Acceleration:

The

change

in

speed

OR

directionmV2

RF

=where:m

=

massV

=

velocityR

=

radius

of

curvature3/12/20143Slide

5RailTEC@IllinoisCurves

in

Railroad

TrackTangent

(straight)

trackTransition

curve

(spiral)Curve

of

fixed

radiusSlide

6RailTEC@IllinoisChoosing

the

Correct

Curve3/12/20144Slide

7RailTEC@IllinoisDesign

Considerations

for

Curvature

Centrifugal

acceleration-

Forces-

Ride

discomfort-

Vehicle

turnover

Wheel‐rail

forces

due

to

curvature

Transition

between

tangent

and

curved

trackSlide

8RailTEC@IllinoisForces

Acting

on

a

Vehicle

in

a

Curve5Slide

10

3/12/2014

Horizontal

Alignment

(Curvature)

RailTEC@Illinois•

Railroad

curves

defined

by

the

chord

definition•

Degree

of

Curve:

DC

=

5729.65/Radius(feet)

Slide

9

Curve

Definition

RailTEC@IllinoisCHORD

Definition

-

RAILROADARC

Definition

-

HIGHWAY3/12/20146Slide

11RailTEC@IllinoisDegree

of

CurveSlide

12RailTEC@IllinoisElements

of

a

Simple

Curve7Slide

14

3/12/2014

Spiraled

Curve

RailTEC@Illinois

Slide

13Track

Cant

(Super‐elevation)

RailTEC@Illinois•

where:•ht

=

track

cant

(super‐elevation)t

=

track

cant

angle8Slide

16

3/12/2014Track

Transitions

–

Spirals

&

Ramps

RailTEC@Illinois

curvature

cant

Slide

15Track

Transitions

–

Spirals

&

Ramps

RailTEC@Illinoislinear

(clothoid)

‐

DC

is

linear

along

spiraltrack

geometry

safety

standards

based

on

linearparabolic

advantage

–

not

infinite

2nd

derivativeparabolic

disadvantage

–

doubles

maximum

ramplinearparabolicRailTEC@Illinois

3/12/2014

Track

Gradients

&

Vertical

Curves

RailTEC@Illinois

Slide

17Considerations

for

Track

Gradients

&

Vertical

Curves

Gradients

along

the

track

must

be

limited

Uphill

hard

to

negotiate

(heavy

freight

trains)

Downhill

hard

to

negotiate

(limited

braking)

Maximum

permissible

gradient

1

–

4%

Limitations

put

on

vertical

curves

Asian

and

European

based

on

curve

radius

United

States

based

on

rate

of

change

of

gradient

Slide

18

9Slide

19©

2013

University

of

Illinois

at

Urbana-Champaign.

All

Rights

Reserved

3/12/2014Turnouts

&

Crossovers

RailTEC@IllinoisExamples

of

Turnouts

&

Crossovers

RailTEC@Illinois

Slide

20

103/12/201411Slide

21RailTEC@IllinoisExamples

of

Turnouts

&

CrossoversSlide

22RailTEC@IllinoisExamples

of

Turnouts

&

Crossovers12

3/12/2014Examples

of

Turnouts

&

Crossovers

RailTEC@Illinois

Slide

23

Typical

Layout

of

a

Turnout

RailTEC@IllinoisSWITCHCROSSING

Slide

24CLOSURE3/12/201413Slide

25RailTEC@IllinoisTurnout

&

Crossing

ConfigurationsSlide

26RailTEC@IllinoisTurnout

Types

Common

Crossing–

Used

in

low

speed

mainline

(<200kph)

and

depots

Movable

Point

(Swing

Nose)

Frogs–

Required

in

all

high‐speed

areas

(>200kph)–

Provides

a

smooth

transition

for

the

wheel

through

the

crossing–

Two

types

used:•

With

expansion

joint•

Without

expansion

joint

Turnout

Geometry

varies

by

speedCodeDescriptionLength(m)Speed(km/h)1sJIS60-10000/4000-1:33s136,0261602sJIS60-4800/2450-1:26s111,0161303sJIS60-3000/1500-1:20,25s89,4161003sxJIS60-3000/1500-1:18,14s89,4161003/12/201414Slide

27RailTEC@IllinoisTypes

of

Turnout

Geometry

Simple

Circular

Curve

(Tangent

Point

Geometry)

Secant

Point

Geometry

(AREMA

Geometry)

Spiral

or

Transition

Geometry−

Full

radius

at

the

switch

point

with

a

single

transition

through

the

frog

end−

Switch

end

Spirals

on

Turnouts−

Turnouts

with

two

SpiralsSlide

28RailTEC@IllinoisMainline

Turnouts15Slide

30

3/12/2014

Crossing

(Frog)

Designation

RailTEC@Illinois1:33

or

No.33

crossing

1m

33m

Slide

29

Fixed

vs.

Movable

Point

RailTEC@IllinoisFixed

PointMovable

Point3/12/201416Slide

31RailTEC@IllinoisMovable

Point

(Swing

Nose)

FrogMovable

PointSlide

32RailTEC@IllinoisMovable

Point

or

Swing‐Nose

Frogs

17RailTEC@Illinois

3/12/2014Track

Layout

for

Typical

Intermediate

StationsRailTEC@Illinois

Slide

34

Slide

33Typical

Station

Connection

Turnout

and

Curve3/12/201418Slide

35RailTEC@IllinoisHigh

Speed

Turnout

ConfigurationSlide

36RailTEC@IllinoisHigh

Speed

Crossovers16.50

feet,5

meterIf

these

crossovers

are

applied

to

tracks

at

track

centers

of

under

metersthe

transition

forces

in

the

reversal

shall

be

calculated

to

determine

theamount

of

required

reduction

in

speed

through

the

crossover

necessary

tokeep

the

transition

force

in

the

reversal

to

an

acceptable

level.

Track

centersfor

track

with

high

speed

crossovers

shall

not

be

less

than

15.00

meters.feet.

4.519RailTEC@Illinois

3/12/2014Detail

of

Station

Entry/Exit

High

Speed

TurnoutSlide

38©

2013

University

of

Illinois

at

Urbana-Champaign.

All

Rights

Reserved

7.5m

Slide

37Slab

Turnout

Construction

RailTEC@Illinois

Foundation

Acceptance

CP-III

Re-measurementAssembly

&

Installing

Re-bar

Installing

T-Slab

Coarse

Tuning

Fine

TuningInstalling

Template

of

roadbed

Pouring

Concrete

Installing

Switch

machine

Waterproof

&

Acceptance

3/12/2014Construction

Sequence

RailTEC@Illinois

Slide

39Fine

Tuning

Apparatus

RailTEC@Illinois

Slide

40

203/12/201421Slide

41RailTEC@IllinoisPreparation

Self‐Leveling

MortarSlide

42RailTEC@IllinoisSimulation

Construction3/12/201422Slide

43RailTEC@IllinoisFoundation

AcceptanceSlide

44RailTEC@IllinoisCP

III

Re‐MeasurementRailTEC@Illinois

3/12/2014Assembly

Re‐bar

Slide

45Earthing

RailTEC@Illinois

Slide

46

233/12/201424Slide

47RailTEC@IllinoisInstalling

TemplateSlide

48RailTEC@IllinoisInstalling

Template3/12/201425Slide

49RailTEC@IllinoisSlide

50RailTEC@IllinoisDistributing

T‐Slab3/12/201426Slide

51RailTEC@IllinoisDistributing

T‐SlabSlide

52RailTEC@IllinoisFine

Tuning

T‐Slab3/12/201427Slide

53RailTEC@IllinoisFine

Tuning

T‐SlabSlide

54RailTEC@IllinoisInstalling

Template3/12/201428Sl