UNIT3SPORTSANDFITNESS第3课时READINGFORWRITING（备作业）2021-2022学年高一英语系列（人教版2019必修第一册）

必修第一册练习Unit3SportsandFitnessReadingforWritingⅠ.单词拼写1．Manyofmyfriendstakequite___________(积极的)attitudestowardstroubles.2．Youmustpayattentiontoyour___________(饮食)whenyougetfat.3．___________(俯卧撑)istopressyourbodyupfromthefloorwithyourarms,andthenloweritslowly.4．Thegirlbeganto___________(慢跑)ontheplaygroundaftersherecovered.5．I’mgladtosaythattherearefewspelling___________(错误)inhishomework.6．Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto___________(强调)theimportanceofdoingexercise.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Shedecidedtogoon_____________dieteverydaytokeepfit.2．___________(compare)withthenervousopponents,we'remoreconfidentofsuccess.3．Sortinggarbagecanmake_____________differenceinlife!4．Now_____________thenhewouldstop,butwe'dcontinuetotalkasIdrovedownthedarkroad.5．It’sgoodtoseethatyoulookmuch___________(slim)thesedays.Ⅲ.选词填空ratherthan,makeadifference,nowandthen,compare...with/to...,cut...out1．Twosuitscanbe_______________ofthispieceofmaterial.2．Boys,however,usecomputersforhomeworkandschoolworkonly_______________.3．Thefreshaironthehillhas_______________toherhealth.4．Wecarefully_____________thefirstarticle_____________thesecondone.5．_______________taketheplanealltheway,theydecidedtotakethetraintoRussia.Ⅳ.完成句子1．_______________________________(比较中国学生和美国学生),wecanfindthatAmericanstudentsareveryopenandactive.2．_______________________________(对他们的人生产生影响)andtheywillrememberyou.3．She_______________________________(剪下照片)fromthepaper.4．Theseshoesarecomfortable_______________________________(而不是漂亮)．5．Trafficaccidents_______________________________(时不时发生)inourdailylife.V.阅读理解AFindtheperfectwaytokeepfitwiththesewebsiteswww.activelife.co.ukThissiteisperfectforthosewholiketocombinelivingahealthylifestylewithenjoyingthecountryside.Youcangetalistoflocationsthatofferroutesforcycling.ThereisalsoinformationoncyclingcompetitionsinBSwavedonisanationalparkwithalake,whichoffersmanydifferentwaysofkeepingfitinthegreatoutdoors.Therearethreecycleroutesaroundthelakeandseveralwoodlandwalks.www.fitnet.co.ukSteveAmosstartedthissiteforbusypeoplewantingtokeepfit.Fillinaquestionnaire(调查表)andStevewillcreateafitnessprogrammeforyou.AlthoughSteve'sfeeishigh,youcanemailhimforadvicewheneveryouwant.Besides,Stevehasdesignedmanyfitnessclothes,whichanyonecanorder.www.fitnessonline.co.ukThisisafreegovernmentwebsitethatencouragespeopletokeepfit.Itgivesdietadvice,andallowsyoutoworkthroughafitnessprogrammewithoutleavingyourhouse.Italsooffersadviceonequipmenttobuyandhasachatroom,whereyoucancompareexperienceswithothers.www.sportsarena.co.ukThiswebsitetellsyouhowyoucankeepfitatthisgroupofLondonsportscentres.Youdon'thavetobeamember—thesecentresrunapay-as-you-gosystem.Theyallhaveapoolandgym.Thewebsiteincludesinformationaboutlocations,openingtimesandprices.www.NAG.co.ukTheNationalAthleticsGroupisasiteforpeopleinterestedinathletics.Itallowsyoutofindoutwhereyournearestathleticsclubisandprovidesinformationaboutracesandotherathleticseventsaroundthecountry.Thereisapopularchatroomwhereathletesexchange(交流)suggestionsandideas.（1）Whichofthefollowingwebsiteshasinformationoncyclingcompetitions?A.www.sportsarena.co.uk.B.www.activelife.co.uk.C..D.www.fitnet.co.uk.（2）WhatcanwelearnaboutSteveAmos?A.Healwayshelpspeopleforfree.B.Hestartedthesitetosellfitnessclothes.C.Heisunwillingtoanswerpeople'semails.D.Heofferspersonalizedandconvenientservices.（3）Whatcanpeopledoonwww.NAG.co.uk?A.Searchforthebestgym.B.Buysportsequipmenttheyneed.C.Communicatewithotherathletes.D.Findinformationaboutindoorsports.BBothlow-fatandlow-carbondietsworkequallywelltohelppeopleloseweightovertwoyears,anewresearchhasshown.Inaddition,thelow-carbondietsmayalsoimprovelevelsofHDLcholesterol(胆固醇),althoughit'snotclearhowmuchdifferencethiswouldmaketoyouroverallhealth.Thesearchforadietthathelpspeopleloseweightgoesbackdecades.Inrecentyears,there'sbeenmuchdiscussionaboutthestrongpointsoflow-fatdiets,comparedwithlow-carbondiets.Andsomeclaimthatthelow-carbondietsworkwellforshort-termweightloss,butthereisn'tenoughevidencetoshowhowwellthetwotypesofdietsworkandwhattheeffectsareonpeople'shealthinthelongterm.Inaddition,it'sbeenrecognizedthatweight-lossprogramsarebetteriftheyincludesomesupporttohelppeoplemakechangestotheireatingandexercisehabits.Thisisoftencalledbehavioraltherapy,becauseitworksthroughchangingpeople'sbehavior.Thenewstudyhasresearchedpeoplewhofollowedaweight-lossprogramovertwoyears,allofwhomhadbehavioraltherapy.Accordingtotheactualsituationofdifferentpeople,halfthepeoplefollowedalow-carbondiet,andhalffollowedalow-fatdiet.Andtheresultshows:peopleonbothdietsdidequallywellinlosingweight.Aftertwoyears,theyhadlostonaverage7kilograms.Thisamountofweightlossisenoughtohavepositiveeffectsonthehealthoffatpeople.What'smore,thegroupwhohadthelow-carbondietshadmuchbetterlevelsofHDLcholesterolthanpeopleonthelow-fatdiets.Ifyouneedtoloseweight,thisstudyshowsthatthebehavioraltherapyisabletoworkeffectively.Youmayfinditeasiertoloseweightaspartofasupervisedweight-lossprogramthatcanhelpyoubreakbadhabitsandmakehealthychangestoyourdietsandlifestyle.（1）Whatadvantagedolow-carbondietshave?A.Theycanhelppeoplerememberbetter.B.TheycanbetterlevelsofHDLcholesterol.C.Theycanimprovepeople'soverallhealthgreatly.D.Theycanhelppeopletakeexercisebetter.（2）Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Participantsonbothdietsdidn'tlosethesameweightinthenewstudy.B.Thelow-fatandlow-carbondietsmakemuchdifferencetoyouroverallhealth.C.Peoplewhowanttoloseweightshouldchangetheireatingandexercisebehavior.D.Thebehavioraltherapyisbeneficialtoyourhealthinthelongterm.（3）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsbehavioraltherapy?A.Critical.B.Supportive.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.（4）Whereisthepassagetakenfrom?A.ascience-fictionbook.B.aguidebook.C.ascientificnewspaper.D.afashionmagazine.C

Astudyshowedthatfatwassociallycatchingamongfriends.Peoplewereactuallymakingoneanothergainand,sometimes,loseweight.Thefindinghasbeenprovedinotherpopulations.Sohowdoesfriends'bodyweightaffecteachother?Onewayisimitation(模仿).Brainscansshowthatwhenyouwatchsomeoneelseeatorrun,yourbrainactivityisthesameasifyouwereeatingorrunningyourself,causingyoutodothesamethings.

Peopleinexperimentsseatednexttoheavyeaterswouldeatmorethanthoseseatednexttolighteaters.Socialexamplesalsoplayarole:Ifyourfriendgainsweight,youmightbecomelesswillingtogotothegymbecauseyourfriend'sexampleshowedyouthatweightgainisn'ttheendoftheworld.She'sheavierbutstillthesamepersonyouknowandlove.Andnowthat66percentoftheAmericanpopulationisoverweight,that'saprettywell-fixedsocialexample.

Happily,thiseffectcouldbeturnedupsidedownifpeopleworkedtocreateanoppositesocialexample—weightlosscanaffecteachotherjustaseasilyasweightgainifyouformthefat-fightinghabits,startingarunningclubincludingfriendsoffriendssothatyou'remakingclosefriendswithmoreexercisers.Youcanalsomakehealthierfoodchoicesandeatwithgreaterself-control.Ifyougiveupthefriesandeatmorevegetables,yourfriendsaremorelikelytomakethesamechoices.

Ifyou'rethinkingthosesoundlikealotofwork

maybeitwouldjustbeeasiertoditchfriendswhogainweighttostopthemfromaffectingyou.Peoplewhokeptawayfromafatfrienddidn'tloseweight,possiblybecausethecostoflosingafriendstoppedweight-lossefforts.（1）Whatwillpeopleintheexperimentsdoiftheyeatwithheavyeaters?A.Hatethem.B.Leavethem.C.Followthem.D.Loseweight.（2）Howmightpeoplerespondtotheirfatfriendsaccordingtothetext?A.Gotothegymwiththemoften.B.Thinknothingofbecomingfat.C.Warnthemthedanger.D.Likethembetter.（3）Whatcanyoudotomakegooduseofthediscovery?A.Setagoodexampleforyourfriends.B.Makeupyourmindtomakemorefriends.C.Setuphealthclubasabusiness.D.Drinkmorewater.（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ditch"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Dependon.B.Relievein.C.Watchover.D.Giveup.D

Obviously,mostpeoplewhotrytoloseweightgenerallyfocusallormostoftheirattentiononthefoodtheyeat.Butwhatabouttheirbehavior?Aretherehabitstheycouldbebreakingthatwouldalsohelpthemloseweight?

AccordingtotheOhioStateUniversityExtension,whichsummarizedthefindings,theresearcherslearnedpeoplewhoroutinelyatebreakfasts,lunches,anddinnerstendedtohavemoresuccesslosingweightthanpeoplewhoseeatingscheduleswereirregular.Asabonus,theywerealsomorelikelytoeatalargerquantityoffruitsandvegetables.

Oneactivitythatbroughtadisastertopeoplewhowantedtoloseweightwaswatchingtelevision,particularlyiftheyatewhilewatchingTV--especiallyiftheyatewhilewatchingTVafter7p.m.Peoplewhodidthesethings,includingsimplywatchingalotoftelevision,tendedtohaveahigherbodymassindex(BMI),aswellasahigherintakeoffatandsugars.

Thosewhoateoutalotalsotendedtotakeinmorefatandsugars,whileeatingfewerfruitsandvegetables.Forthepurposesofthestudy,eatingawayfromhomewasdefinednotonlyaseatinginrestaurantsbutalsoeatingfoodprovidedbyanemployerorcolleaguesatwork,buyingfoodatconveniencestoresorgasstations,orbuyingfoodforfund-raisers.

Finally,thebestresultswereachievedbythosemotivatedpeoplewhokeptwritingthetrackoftheamountandtypeofexercisetheydidandhowmanycaloriestheyate,whoplannedmeals,andusedmealreplacements.Thosewhodidthesethingsthemostgenerallylostmoreweight,atelessfatandsugars,atemorefruitsandvegetables,andengagedinmorephysicalactivities.Socuttingoutallthosehigh-caloriesnackswillhelpyouloseweight.Ifso,apparently,willchangesomeofyourhabitsandbehavior.（1）.Accordingtotheresearcherswecanknowthat____.A.

losingweightdependsonfoodapersoneatB.

regulareatingroutineisgoodforlosingweightC.

fruitsandvegetablescankeepyouhealthyD.

eatingirregularlywillleaveyouinagoodfigure（2）.Whydidsomepeoplefailtoloseweight?A.

BecausetheyhadaparticularloveforsweetsB.

BecausetheywerefondofwatchingTVatnightC.

BecausetheydevelopedakindofbadhabitD.

BecausetheydidnothingbutwatchTVafter7p.m.（3）.Thefourthparagraphimpliesthat____.A.

thebossesliketoinvitehisemployeestodinnerB.

moreandmorepeoplearecontenttoeatoutC.

eatingawayfromhomedoesharmtohealthD.

itisveryconvenienttohavedinnersoutside（4）.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinthepassage?A.

Toencouragepeopletoeatathome

B.

ToinspirepeopletotakeexerciseC.

Toadvisepeopletorefusecalories

D.

TohelppeoplegetmoremotivationVI．任务型阅读根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BenefitsofSports

Takingexerciseisaphysical,mentalandsocialadventure.It'sagreatwayforchildrentotakeabreakfromstudyandreleaseextraenergy.Italsohelpsthemleadfullerandhappierlivesasregularsportshaveproventoimprovegeneralwell-being.

________

Regardlessofyourfitnesslevelwhenyoustartplayingsports,you'llnoticeanincreaseinyouroverallfitnessonceyoutakepart.Nearlyeverysportrequiresphysicalactivityandtheskillsneededtobecompetitive.Basketballplayersfocusonstrengthtraining.________

Thetrainingprocesshelpsencouragephysicalfitnessandperformancesincompetitions.

________

Playingsportscontributestomentalhealth,helpingtoincreaseconfidenceandself-worth.Apatontheback,high-fivefromateammate,orhandshakeafteramatchreallyraisesachild'sconfidence.Wordsofpraiseandencouragementfromthecoach,parentsandotherplayersraisetheself-worth.________

Soafteragame,it'sabetterideatoask“Didyouenjoythegame?”ratherthan“Didyouwin?”

Childrenwhoparticipateinsportsmightalsobenefitfromthesocialaspect,feelingpartofagroup,buildingupleadershipandresponsibility.________

Teamworkdemandsbothbeingdependableasateammateandlearningtorelyonyourteammatestoachieveapositiveoutcome.Teamworkwillraiseyourresponsibilityandgiveyouanopportunitytobealeader.

Thereisnoshortageofreasonstofindasporttotakepartin.Areyoureadytogo?Pickoneandgetmoving!A.It'snotjustyourbodythatbenefitsfromsports.B.Therefore,playingsportsisgoingtomakeyoumorefit.C.Footballplayersworkonspeedwhiletrackathletestrainthroughlongerruns.D.Amongthese,learninghowtoworkasateamisthemostimportantadvantage.E.Butremember,achild'sself-worthshouldnotbejudgedbyvictoryorloss.F.Ifyouplaygroupsports,you'llbepartofateamthattakesdirectionfromacoach.G.Thephysicalbenefitsofdoingsportsareprobablythemostobvious.VII.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AtmyheaviestIweighed370pounds.Ihadaverypoorrelationshipwithfood:Iuseditto

1

badfeelings,tomakemyselffeelbetter,andtocelebrate.Worriedaboutmyhealth,Itriedmanydifferentkindsof

2

butnothingworked.IcametobelievethatIcoulddonothingaboutmy

3

.

WhenIwas50,myweightproblembegantoaffectme

4

.Ididn'twanttolivetherestofmylifewiththis

5

weightanymore.

Thatyear,I

6

aseminarwherewewereaskedtocreateaprojectthatwouldtouchtheworld.Aseminarleadersharedher

7

story—shehadnotonly125pounds,butalsoraised$25,000forhomelesschildren.

8

byherstory,IcreatedtheAsWeHeal(痊愈),theWorldHeals

9

.Mygoalwastolose150poundsinoneyearandraise$50,000

10

amovementfounded30yearsagotoendhunger.Thiscombinationofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworld

11

meastheperfectsolution.

12

Ibeganmyownpersonalweightprogram,IwasfilledwiththefearthatIwould

13

thesamedifficultiesthatbeatmebefore.Whilethe

14

hungovermyhead,therewerealsosignsthatIwasheadeddowntheright

15

.IsentletterstoeveryoneIknew,tellingthemaboutmyproject.Itworkedperfectly.Donationsbegan

16

infromhundredsofpeople.

Ofcourse,Ialsotooksomepracticalstepstoloseweight.Iconsultedwithaphysician(内科医生),Ihiredafitnesscoach,andIbegantoeatsmalland

17

meals.Myfund-raisingfocusalsogavemenewmotivationtoexercise

18

.

Ayearlater,I

19

mygoal:Ilost150poundsandraised$50,000!IfeelthatI'vebeengivenasecondlifetodevotetosomethingthatis

20

andenormous.1.A.addB.mixC.killD.share2.A.dietsB.drinksC.fruitsD.dishes3.A.heightB.abilityC.wisdomD.weight4.A.temporarilyB.recentlyC.seriouslyD.secretly5.A.idealB.extraC.normalD.low6.A.attendedB.organizedC.recommendedD.mentioned7.A.folkB.successC.adventureD.science8.A.SurprisedB.AmusedC.InfluencedD.Disturbed9.A.projectB.businessC.systemD.custom10.A.insearchofB.inneedofC.inplaceofD.insupportof11.A.scaredB.consideredC.confusedD.struck12.A.AsB.UntilC.IfD.Unless13.A.getoverB.runintoC.lookforD.putaside14.A.excitementB.joyC.angerD.fear15.A.rowB.hallC.pathD.street16.A.breakingB.floodingC.jumpingD.stepping17.A.heavyB.fullC.expensiveD.healthy18.A.regularlyB.limitlesslyC.suddenlyD.randomly19.A.setB.reachedC.missedD.dropped

20.A.stressfulB.painfulC.meaningfulD.peacefulVIII.语法填空

Manyteensinhighschoolwanttotryoutforsportsbecausetheythinkplayingsportswillmakethemmorepopular.Buttherearelotsofother________

(benefit)ofsportsthatteensmayoverlook(忽视).

WithTV,movies,computers,andvideogames________

(become)moreandmorepopular,ithasbecomemuch________

(easy)forteenstobehomebythemselvesratherthangoingoutwithfriends.Teensusedtohangoutatthemallordrivearoundthetown;nowtheyjustsitathome.Gettingteensintoasport________

(give)themanopportunitytogooutandsocialize.________

theymaynotfindanewbestfriend，theywilllearnhowtointeractandworkas________

team,somethingthatthey'llfind________

(use)laterinlife.

Moreandmoreteensarebecomingoverweight.Ifteensseethattheirphysicalconditioniscausingthemtoperform________

(bad),theymaybemotivatedtodootheractivities________

(get)healthy.Whenyourchildrenreachtheiryouth,partofgoodparentingwillprovidethem________

thedirectionandencouragementandcontinuetohelpthemdevelopahealthystyleofliving.IX.改错题下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1）每句不超过两个错误；2）每处错误及其修改均限一词；3）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Ilearnsomanyatschool.Istudiedalotofdifferentsubjects.Therearemanyinterestedactivities,too.Ireallyenjoytakingpartartactivitiessuchasmusicanddance.Ialsogetthechancetodoingsportsandplaygamesonthesportsground.Iamamemberoftheschool'svolleyballteam.Theirteachersteachuswithagreatdealofcaresandpatience.Asaresult,wemakeagreatprogress.Andgradual,wehavemoreconfidenceinourselves.InmyclassIhavemanygoodfriends.Westudy,playbuteattogether.Ilovemyschoolverymuch.X.书面表达1.假设你校英语学习报正在举办题为“Myfavoritesport”的征文活动，请你根据以下提示写一篇不少于100词的短文。内容要点如下：What'syourfavoritesport?Whydoyoulikethissport?Whatbenefitscanyougetfromthissport?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.假设你是李华，你校学生学习压力大，缺乏体育锻炼。请你代表学生会，围绕"SportsandStudy"这一主题，在校英文报上发出倡议。内容如下：①倡议的原因和目的；②倡议的具体内容【注意】①词数：100---120；②可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案解析部分I.【答案】positivedietPush­upjogerrorsstress【解析】略II.【答案】aComparedaandslimmer【解析】略III.【答案】cutoutnowandthenmadeadifferencecomparedwith/toRatherthan【解析】略IV.【答案】ComparingChinesestudentswith/toAmericanstudentsMakeadifferencetotheirlifecutoutthephotographratherthanbeautifulhappennowandthen【解析】略VA【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个网站的相关信息。（1）考查细节理解。根据www.activelife.co.uk部分中的“ThereisalsoinformationoncyclingcompetitionsinBritain.”可知,在这个网站上可以找到有关自行车比赛的信息。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据www.fitnet.co.uk部分中的“FillinaquestionnaireandStevewillcreateafitnessprogrammeforyou.AlthoughSteve'sfeeishigh,youcanemailhimforadvicewheneveryouwant.”可知,Steve为人们量身定制健康计划,并通过邮件的形式为人们提供一些建议,由此可知,他为帮助人们保持健康提供量身定制的、便捷的服务。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据www.NAG.co.uk部分中的“Thereisapopularchatroomwhereathletesexchangesuggestionsandideas.”可知,在这个网站用户可以和其他田径运动员进行交流。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。B【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，新的研究表明，低脂肪和低碳水化合物的饮食都能很好地帮助人们减肥，此外，行为疗法通过改变人们的行为习惯来减肥，此方法收效也甚佳。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Inaddition,thelow-carbondietsmayalsoimprovelevelsofHDLcholesterol(胆固醇),althoughit'snotclearhowmuchdifferencethiswouldmaketoyouroverallhealth.”此外，低碳饮食也可以改善胆固醇水平，尽管还不清楚它会对你的整体健康有多大影响。可知，低碳饮食可以改善胆固醇水平。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Inaddition,it'sbeenrecognizedthatweight-lossprogramsarebetteriftheyincludesomesupporttohelppeoplemakechangestotheireatingandexercisehabits.Thisisoftencalledbehavioraltherapy,becauseitworksthroughchangingpeople'sbehavior.”此外，人们已经意识到，减肥项目会更好，如果它们目包括一些帮助改变饮食和锻炼习惯。这通常被叫做行为治疗，因为它通过改变人们的习惯来起作用。可知，想减肥的人应该改变他们的饮食和锻炼习惯。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ifyouneedtoloseweight,thisstudyshowsthatthebehavioraltherapyisabletoworkeffectively.Youmayfinditeasiertoloseweightaspartofasupervisedweight-lossprogramthatcanhelpyoubreakbadhabitsandmakehealthychangestoyourdietsandlifestyle.”如果你需要减肥，这项研究表明行为疗法是有效的。你会发现，作为监督减肥计划的一部分，你会更容易减肥，它可以帮助你改掉自己的坏习惯，给你的饮食和生活习惯带来健康的改变。可推测，作者对行为治疗持支持观点。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，新的研究表明，低脂肪和低碳水化合物的饮食都能很好地帮助人们减肥，此外，行为疗法通过改变人们的行为习惯来减肥，此方法收效也甚佳。再结合第四段中的“Thenewstudyhasresearchedpeoplewhofollowedaweight-lossprogramovertwoyears,allofwhomhadbehavioraltherapy.”新的研究研究了进行超过两年减肥项目的人，所有这些人都进行了行为治疗)可知，本文讲述内容是有关科学的。由此推测，本文很有可能来自于一份科学报纸。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。C【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，肥胖会在朋友间传染。人们实际上是在互相增重，有时还在减肥。这一发现已在其他人群中得到证实。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Peopleinexperimentsseatednexttoheavyeaterswouldeatmorethanthoseseatednexttolighteaters.”在实验中，坐在重食者旁边的人会比坐在轻食者旁边的人吃得更多，可推知，在实验中，如果人们和食量大的人一起吃饭，他们也会跟着吃。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Ifyourfriendgainsweight,youmightbecomelesswillingtogotothegymbecauseyourfriend'sexampleshowedyouthatweightgainisn'ttheendoftheworld.She'sheavierbutstillthesamepersonyouknowandlove.”如果你的朋友体重增加了，你可能就不太愿意去健身房了，因为你朋友的榜样告诉你，体重增加并不是世界末日。她更胖了，但仍然是你认识和爱的那个人，可知，对于长胖了的朋友，人们认为变胖没有什么大不了的。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Ifyougiveupthefriesandeatmorevegetables,yourfriendsaremorelikelytomakethesamechoices.”如果你放弃薯条而多吃蔬菜，你的朋友更有可能做出同样的选择，可知，根据这项发现，你可以为你的朋友树立一个好榜样。故选A。（4）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Peoplewhokeptawayfromafatfrienddidn'tloseweight,possiblybecausethecostoflosingafriendstoppedweight-lossefforts.”远离肥胖朋友的人并没有减肥，可能是因为失去朋友的代价让减肥的努力停止了，可知，划线词所在句句意为"如果你认为这些听起来需要做很多工作，那么也许甩掉那些体重增加的朋友会更容易些，这样他们就不会影响你了。"由此可知，划线词ditch意为"甩掉，丢弃"。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。D【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数人说到减肥都把注意力集中在他们吃的食物上，而忽视了他们的行为，习惯。实际上，良好的习惯有助于减肥。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“…theresearcherslearnedpeoplewhoroutinelyatebreakfasts,lunches,anddinnerstendedtohavemoresuccesslosingweightthanpeoplewhoseeatingscheduleswereirregular.”可知研究人员发现饮食有规律的人饮食没有规律的人更容易成功减肥。说明有规律的饮食对于减肥是有好处的。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段可知饮食没有规律的人很难减肥，第三段告诉我们边看电视边吃东西的人难以减肥，第四段告诉我们经常在外面吃饭的人难以减肥。生活习惯不好的人难以减肥。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Thosewhoateoutalotalsotendedtotakeinmorefatandsugars,whileeatingfewerfruitsandvegetables.”可知经常在外面吃饭的人容易摄入太多脂肪和糖分，水果和蔬菜吃得很少。这种方式对我们的健康不好。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Butwhatabouttheirbehavior?Aretherehabitstheycouldbebreakingthatwouldalsohelpthemloseweight?”减肥的人通常都很注意饮食，却常常忽视生活习惯和个人行为对减肥的作用。其余几段详细说明了不好的习惯对人们生活的影响并鼓励人们多锻炼，AD项是文章的部分内容，C项说法是错误。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇保健类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。VI.【答案】G；C；A；E；D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了运动的好处。（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“

Regardlessofyourfitnesslevelwhenyoustartplayingsports,you'llnoticeanincreaseinyouroverallfitnessonceyoutakepart.”不管你的任何水平，参加就有益。无论各种运动的训练过程，都可提升健康。是讲运动的好处，G.Thephysicalbenefitsofdoingsportsareprobablythemostobvious.

“做运动对身体的好处可能是最明显的”总结下文内容，故选G。（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Basketballplayersfocusonstrengthtraining.”篮球运动员注重力量训练。可知此处为列举的组织模式，不同的项目训练的侧重点不同，C.Footballplayersworkonspeedwhiletrackathletestrainthroughlongerruns.“足球运动员注重速度训练,田径运动员注重长跑训练”符合语境，故选C。（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Playingsportscontributestomentalhealth,helpingtoincreaseconfidenceandself-worth.”讲的是运动有助于心理健康，有助于增强自信和自我价值，可知，空白处应为一个承前启后的过渡句，A.It'snotjustyourbodythatbenefitsfromsports.“运动受益的不仅仅是你的身体”符合语境，故选A。（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Soafteragame,it'sabetterideatoask‘Didyouenjoythegame?’ratherthan‘Didyouwin?’”所以比赛过后，最好问“你喜欢这个比赛吗？”而不是“你赢了吗？”，空处应是这样问的原因，E.Butremember,achild'sself-worthshouldnotbejudgedbyvictoryorloss.“但是记住，孩子的自我价值不应该由成功或者失败来评价”符合语境，故选E。（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Childrenwhoparticipateinsportsmightalsobenefitfromthesocialaspect,feelingpartofagroup,buildingupleadershipandresponsibility.”参加体育运动的孩子也能从社交方面受益：归属感，责任感和领导力；以及空后主要介绍团队合作需要的素养和它的好处，故判断本空白处，是对参加运动在社交方面的好处的进一步的阐述，D.Amongthese,learninghowtoworkasateamisthemostimportantadvantage.“学习如何成为团队的一员是最重要的优势”符合语境，故选D。【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。VII.【答案】（1）C；（2）A；（3）D；（4）C；（5）B；（6）A；（7）B；（8）C；（9）A；（10）D；（11）D；（12）A；（13）B；（14）D；（15）C；（16）B；（17）D；（18）A；（19）B；（20）C；【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者从前为了消除坏情绪而乱吃东西，导致自己体重超标．到了50岁，肥胖问题严重影响了健康，作者希望这种情况能够得到改变．在讨论队队长的影响下，作者开始制定并实施计划，最终实现了自己的计划，不但使自己减重150磅，还通过募捐帮助到了需要帮助的人，这是一件很有意义的事情。（1）考查动词。句意：我用食物杀掉坏情绪，让我自己感觉好一些。A：add“增加”；B：mix“混合”；C：kill“杀死”；D：share“分享”。根据下文“tomakemyselffeelbetter，andtocelebrate”可知，空格处表达的意思应为消除坏情绪。选C。（2）考查名词。句意：考虑到我的健康，"我"尝试过不同种节食餐但都不起作用。A：diets“节食”；B：drinks"饮料"；C：fruits"水果"；D：dishes"菜"。根据上文“AtmyheaviestIweighed370pounds”可知作者很重，需要减肥吃减肥餐，故选A。（3）考查名词。句意：我开始相信我拿自己的体重没有办法了。A：height"身高"；B：ability"能力"；C：wisdom"智慧"；D：weight“体重”。故选D。（4）考查形容词。A：temporarily"暂时地，临时地"；B：recently"最近地"；C：seriously“严重地”；D：secretly

"秘密地"。根据下文“Ididn'twanttolivetherestofmylifewiththis…weightanymore”可知，作者再也不想以这么重的体重生活了，由此可见体重问题已经影响了我。故选C。（5）考查形容词。A：ideal“理想的”；B：extra“额外的”；C：normal"正常的"；D：low"低的"。根据上文“myweightproblembegantoaffectmeseriously”可知，体重已经严重影响了"我"的生活，我不想余生都有额外的赘肉伴随。故选B。（6