UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS第3课时READINGFORWRITING（备作业）2021-2022学年高一英语系列（人教版2019必修第一册）

必修第一册练习Unit4NaturaldisastersReadingforWritingⅠ.单词拼写1．ThebeautyoftheWestLake________________(打动)thevisitorsdeeply.2．Iamhavingsomefood________________(递送)forherbirthday.3．Theplane________________(碰撞)becauseoftheterrorists．4．Theheavyfloods________________(横扫)awayhousesandroadsinZhengzhou.5．Thereisa________________(总结)attheendofthemeeting.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．What________________(strike)meinthemovieChangjinhumostwasthesoldiers’strongwillanddetermination.2．Everydaythemilkmandeliversmilk________________ourhouse.3．Thevillagewasswept________________whenthedamburst.4．Tothisday,wewave________________eachothereverytimeweheadoffindifferentdirections.5．The________________(long)ofthefloodedriverhasnotbeenclear.6．Iamsurethatreadingwillhave________________effectonyourmind.Ⅲ.选词填空eq\x(sweepaway，atleast，thenumberof，asmanyas，morethan)1．He's________________acoachofmine;he'smyfriend.2．________________35%ofushaveIPADsathome.3．Thereare_________________500presentatthemeeting.4．________________doctorsaskingtogothereisontheincrease.5．Manytallbuildingswere________________intheflood.Ⅳ.完成句子1．Theprofessor________________________onenvironmentprotection.这位教授将发表一场关于环境保护的演说。2．________________________sheforgottolockthedoor.她突然想到忘记锁门了。3．Alltheclouds________________________thestrongwind.所有的云都被强风吹走了。4．Ithasrainedfortwodays,________________________.雨下了两天，引起了河水上涨。5．I________________________hecamein.当他走进来的时候我正在看足球赛。V.阅读理解A

ElephantsonthecoastofThailandareactingstrange.Theystamptheirfeetandmotiontowardthehills.Theseadrawsbackfromthebeaches.Fishfallheavilyinthemud.Suddenly,ahugewaveappears.Thisisnoordinarywave.Itistsunami!

Tsunamiwavesarelargerandfasterthannormalsurfacewaves.Atsunamiwavecantravelasfastasajetplaneandcanbeastallasaten-storybuilding.Imaginedroppingastoneintoapond.Thewateronthesurfaceripples（起涟漪）.Atsunamiislikeaverypowerfulripple.Tsunamisbeginwhentheoceanrisesorfallsverysuddenly.Largeamountsofseawateraredisplaced.Thismovementcausedhugewaves.

Foratsunamitooccur,theremustbesomekindofforcethatcausestheoceanwatertobecomedisplaced.Mosttsunamisarecausedbyunderwaterearthquakes.However,volcanoes,landslides（塌方）,largeicebergs,andevenmeteorites（陨石）arecapableofcausingoneofthesemightywaves.

Tsunamisareextremelypowerful.Ordinarywaveslosepowerwhentheybreak.Tsunamiwavescanremainpowerfulforseveraldays.Becausetsunamiwavesaresostrong,theycankillpeople,damageproperty,andcompletelyruinanecosysteminjustonehour.

Scientistshavenowayofpredictingwhenatsunamiwillhit.However,ifapowerfulenoughearthquakeoccurs,scientistscansendoutawarningorawatch.Awarningmeansthatatsunamiwillverylikelyhitsoon.Awatchmeansthatconditionsarefavorableforatsunami.Whenpeopleareinformedofawatchorawarning,theyhavemoretimetoprepare.Itisbestnottogetcaughtunawarewhenatsunamiisontheway.（1）.Elephantsareactingstrangemostlybecausethey_______.A.dislikethehugewaveB.areafraidofthebigfishC.cansensesomethingoutoftheordinaryD.seetheoceandrawingbackfromthebeaches（2）.WhydoTsunamiscausesomuchdestruction?A.Theyarenotfamiliartomostpeople.B.Theyareverypowerfulandlong-lasting.C.Theybreakonthecoast,unlikenormalwaves.D.Theyarecausedbyunderwaterearthquakes.（3）.Fromthetext,wecanlearnthat_______.A.atsunamitravelsasfastasnormalwavesB.atsunamiisformedbyhugenormalseawavesC.atsunamiwarningismoreseriousthanawatchD.awarningandwatchbothmeanatsunamihasformed（4）.Whatisthistextmainlyabout?A.HowtoguardagainsttsunamiB.DifferencesbetweenwavestypesC.Whattodowithtsunamiwaves.D.CausesandeffectsoftsunamiBClimatechangewillincreaseUSwildfires,andthesmokyairwillcauseterribleproblemsinareasfarbeyondthoseburned,reportsanenvironmentalgroupThursday.Two-thirdsofAmericans,ornearly212million,livedinstatessufferingfromwildfiresmokethreeyearsago,accordingtothereportbytheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC).Theseareas,whichhadsmokeforatleastaweek,werenearly50timesgreaterthanthoseburneddirectlybyfire."ItaffectsamuchwideareaoftheUnitedStatesthanpeoplehaverealized."saysauthorKimKnowlton,aColumbiaUniversityhealthprofessor,addingthesmokecanmoveuptohundredsofmiles.Shesaysthesmokecontainsairpollutionandcancauseseveralkindsofdiseases.Texaswashithardestin2011,whensmokestayedforatleastaweekinareasthatarehometo25millionpeople,accordingtoNRDC'sreport.Illinois,whichrecordednowildfireswithinitsborders,camesecondwithnearly12millionpeopleaffectedbysmokethatmovedinfromelsewhere.Theothereightstateswiththemostpeopleintouchwithsmokyairwere,indescendingorder:Florida,Missouri,Georgia,Louisiana,Michigan,Alabama,OklahomaandIowa.Nearlytwodozenstateshadnowildfireswithintheirbordersin2011,buteightofthemstillhadatleastoneweekofsmokyair:Illinois,Missouri，Iowa,Kansas,Nebraska,Indiana,WisconsinandOhio.Only18statesandtheDistrictofColumbiahadnopeopleintouchwithatleastaweekofsmokethatyear,althoughfiveofthem—Alaska,California,Hawaii,NevadaandUtah—hadalargeareaburnedbywildfires.Theproblemwillonlygetworse.Knowltonsays.Scientificresearchshowsclimateiscausinghighertemperaturesandhealthproblems.（1）.Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat_______.A.climatechangekilledmanyAmericansB.therearefewerstatesburnedbywildfiresC.everystatehadwildfiresmokeforatleastaweekD.mostAmericanssufferedfromwildfiresmoke3yearago（2）.Whichofthefollowingstateshadwildfireswithinitsbordersin2011?A.Iowa.B.Kansas.C.Ohio.D.California.（3）.Theunderlinedword"descending"inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans_______.A.goingdownB.comingtrueC.lookingpracticalD.turningback（4）.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Climatechangecausesmorewildfires.B.Wildfiresmokebecomesaserioushealthproblem.C.Morewildfirescauseclimatechanges.D.Airpollutionbecomesaterribleproblem.C

Thepreventivemeasuresforforestfiresincludesomepreemptive(抢先)methodsthatcanhelpreducetherisksoffiresandcontroltheirseverityandspread,andthus,maintainecologicalbalanceandprotectresources.Closemonitoringofforestfirescausedbynaturalfactorscanhelppreventtheirspreadtoalargeextent.Tocontainforestfires,firedepartmentsusuallyusewaterandchemicalfireretardants(抑制剂)thatcanbedroppedfromplanesandhelicopters.Tocontrolthespreadofawildfire,firefightersusuallycreateacontrollinebyremovingallfuelfromanareasothatthefirecannottravelacrossit.

Controlledburnsareoftenemployedbygovernmentauthoritiestoreducefuelbuildup,andcleanupthefallenleaves,andthus,preventthespreadofforestfirestoavastarea.Regularcontrolledburnscanalsohelpmaintainbiodiversity(生物多样性),asthesmokeandheatproducedintheprocesscanfacilitate(促进)thegrowthofseedsofcertainplantspecies.Apartfromthese,responsiblehumanbehaviorcanhelpreducethenumberofforestfirestoagreatextent.Infact,wecanreducethenumberofwildfiresdramaticallybynotleavingbehindanysourceoffireintheforest.

Forestfirescanaffectclimateandweathertoagreatextent,besidescausingseveredamagetovaluabletrees.Wildfirescanincreasethelevelofgreenhousegases(watervapor,carbondioxide,etc),andthereforeincreasepollutionandglobalwarming.However,theyarealsoanimportantpartoftheecosystem,andmanyplantsdependontheheatandsmokegeneratedbywildfiresfortheirgrowthandreproduction.Butlargewildfirescancauseextensivedamagetotheecosystem,whichagainhighlightstheimportanceofeffectivecontrolandpreventionofforestfires.（1）Whatmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ControlandPreventionofForestFiresB.HowtoKeepEcologicalBalanceC.EffectsofForestFiresD.MethodsofFireSpreadControl（2）Firefightersgetridofallfuelinallareainorderto____________.A.keepclosemonitoringofforestfiresB.preventtheforestfirefromoccurringC.protecttheanimalsthereD.stopthewildfirefromspreading（3）Thegovernmentarrangessomecontrolledburnsto_______________.A.burntherubbishandkeeptheforestcleanB.helpkeepecologicalbalanceofnatureC.reducefuelbuildingupandlimitforestfiresspread.D.providereasonableconditionsforsomeplants'growth.（4）Acontrolledforestfiremayplayapositiverolebecause________________.A.anewforestwillappearsoon.B.itpromotesthedevelopmentofsomeseedsC.naturekeepsitsbalanceonlybywildfires.D.itmakesthetreesgrowfasterthanbefore.DScientistscalledforwide-rangingresearchintowhethermorevolcanoes,earthquakesandlandslidescouldbetriggeredbyrisingglobaltemperaturesunderglobalwarming.Significantwarmingof'theatmosphereinthedistantpastcanbelinkedtochanges-ingeologicalactivity,theysay.Suggestionsthatclimatechangepredictedforcomingdecadescouldbringsimilarchangesremainspeculative(猜测性的),butthescientistssaythereisenoughevidencetotakethethreatseriously.Someexpertshavealreadylinkedcurrentlevelsofglobalwarminglolandslidesinmountainregions.RichardBetts,aresearcherattheMetOfficeHadleyCentre,said,"Thisisanewinterestingacademicarena.Itwaspreviouslyassumedtherewasnolinkbetweenclimatechangeandgeologicalevents,butitispossibletospeculatethatclimatechangemightmakesomemorelikely.Ifwedogetlargeamountsofclimatechangeinthelongterm,thenwemightseesomeimpacts."ExpertssayglobalwarmingcouldaffectgeologicalrisksbecauseofthewayitcanmovelargeamountsofmassaroundontheEarth'ssurface.Meltingglaciersandrisingsealevelsshiftthedistributionofhugeamountsofwater,whichreleaseandincreasepressuresthroughtheground.Thesepressurechangescouldmakegeologicalshiftsmorelikely.ResearchfromGermanysuggeststhattheEarth'ssurfacecansometimesbesoclosetofailurethattinychangesinitspressurecantriggerquakes.WritinginaspecialseriesofscientificpapersonthetopicpublishedbytheRoyalSociety,BillMecGuire,headoftheBenfieldHazardResearchCentreatUniversityCollegeLondon,says,"Inrelationtoman-madeclimatechange,modelingstudiesandspeculationofcurrenttrendspointtowardsincreasedrinkinrelationtoarangeofgeologicalrinksinawarmerworld,whileobservationssuggestthatongoingriseinglobalaveragetemperaturesmayalreadyberesultinginariskyresponsefromthegeosphere(陆界)."12.Accordingtothepassage,whichaspectprobablyresultsingeologicalactivities?A.Globaltemperatures.B.Humanactivities.C.Waterlevels.D.Globalwarming.13.What'stheideaofRichardBetts？A.Researchinglobalwarmingfeaturessomethingnewandinteresting.B.Theimpactsofclimatechangeinthelongtermareinvisible.C.Climatechangeisboundtotriggergeologicalevent8.D.Geologicaleventsarenotrelatedtoclimatechange.14.Howcouldgeologicalrisksbeaffected?A.Bymakingthedistributionofwatersequal.B.Bycausingthesurfacecoveredbyseawater.C.BychangingthepressureoftheEarth'ssurface.D.Byleadingtotheoccurrenceofextremeweather.15.whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.OneWell-knownAssumptionB.SpeculationonGlobalWarmingC.AnInspiringScientificDiscoveryD.APossibleElementinGeologicalRisksVI.任务型阅读Talkingtochildrenaboutdisasters

Naturaldisastersareterribleevents.Theyaredifficultforadultsandchildren.Butadultsshouldnotbeafraidtotalktochildrenaboutnaturaldisasters.________Buttalkingcanhelpchildrenfeelsaferandlessafraidofthefuture.Herearefivethingsadultscandowhenchildrenshowfearofnaturaldisasters.

First,adultsshouldbewillingtotalkwithchildren.Whenchildrenareallowedtotalkabouttheirfears,theyfeelsafer.Sometimes,thebestthinganadultcandoisjustlisten.________

Second,________Whenansweringtheirquestions,itisbesttogiveshort,honestanswers.Ifyoudonotknowtheanswer,youcanbehonestandsaythatyoudonotknow.

Third,itisimportanttowaituntilachildisreadytotalkaboutanaturaldisaster.Adultsshouldnotforcechildrentotalk.

Fourth,helpchildrenfeelsafe.________Onewayisverysimple:adultscantellfrightenedchildrenthattheylovethem.Itisalsoimportantforchildrentodothesamethingstheydoeveryday.Simplethingslikegoingtoschoolandeatingdinnercanhelpchildrenfeelnormal.

Fifth,useactivitiestohelpchildrencommunicatetheirfears.Heshaniwas13whentheIndianOceantsunami(海啸)ruinedherhouseinSriLanka.Oneyearlater,shewasstilllivingundertheshadow(阴影)ofthenaturaldisaster.Shedidnotliketovisitherruinedhouse.Andshedidnotwanttotalkabouttheproblemsherfamilyhad.However,shelovedtowrite.________Writingpoemswasawayforhertoshareherfearssinceshedidnotliketotalkaboutthem.A.letchildrenaskquestions.B.Therearemanywaystodothis.C.Talkingcannotstopnaturaldisastersfromhappening.D.learningisofgreatimportancetoadults.E.Weshouldfeelsafefirst.F.Whateverthefearis,itisimportanttolistenandbepatientwiththechild.G.Andsheoftensharedherfeelingsaboutthetsunamiinherpoems.VII.完形填空阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。InNovember2018,thetownofParadisewasnearlydestroyedbythedeadliestwildfireinhistory.ShaneGrammer,whogrewupthere,followedthe

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ofthedeadlyfirefromLosAngeles.WhenhischildhoodfriendEdwardspostedpicturesofhischimney---the

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partofhishousetosurvive,the47-year-oldartistfelt

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.Andthenhehada(n)

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.“I'vegotto

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thatchimney,”hesaid,“I'mnottryingtosayanything.It'sjustthatI'manartist.Andit'sachanceformeto

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myselfasanartist.”OnDecember31,Grammermadea

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toParadise.Hespentthreehourspaintingaportraitofawomanonhisfriend'schimney---areminder,perhaps,ofthebeautyoflife.Grammer

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aphotoofthepaintingonline.Itreceivedlotsof

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.Peopleweresharingthepost.Thevictimsofthefire,wereespecially

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.“Beautiful,”onesaid.Anotherposted,“You

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beautyandhope.”

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,Grammerrealizedthatwhathehadthoughtwasanartisticexpressionhaddevelopedintosomething

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.“Artdoesmoveand

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people.IknowIhavetocomeback,”Grammersaid.Thenhe

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eighttimes,painting17portraitsofvictimsonchimneys,cars,andwall.Outsideonehouse,he

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aphotoofaneight-year-oldgirl.Thenhepaintedamural(壁画)ofheronwhatwasleftofherhouse.Itwas,Grammersaid,“astampthatlifewashereandthatlifecan

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tobehere.”Grammer'sworkinParadisehasnowbecomea

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.He'straveledtheworldpaintingmuralsindarkplacesthatneededsome

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.”Iwanttodosomething

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andcreateartthatmovespeople,”hesays.1.A.historyB.newsC.causesD.purpose2.A.restB.otherC.onlyD.first3.A.helplessB.nervousC.ashamedD.angry4.A.questionB.messageC.experienceD.idea5.A.forgetB.paintC.cleanD.own6.A.expressB.answerC.learnD.change7.A.suggestionB.tripC.promiseD.joke8.A.sawB.copiedC.gotD.posted9.A.attentionB.adviceC.trustD.value10.A.praisedB.invitedC.touchedD.treated11.A.expectB.missC.rememberD.bring12.A.PossiblyB.SuddenlyC.LuckilyD.Interestingly13.A.funnierB.harderC.deeperD.stranger14.A.encourageB.trainC.attractD.satisfy15.A.triedB.returnedC.appearedD.passed16.A.sharedB.keptC.foundD.lost17.A.continueB.startC.stopD.seem18.A.movementB.discussionC.ruleD.surprise19.A.protectionB.freedomC.fireD.light

20.A.popularB.successfulC.powerfulD.colorfulVIII.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Earthquake-proof(抗震的)buildings

Thereareanumberofways________

buildingscanbemadestrongenoughtostanduptoearthquakes.Thesimplestwayistomakethemmuch________

(strong).Abuildingstrongenoughnot________

(destroy)byalargeearthquake,however,wouldprobablylookmorelikeabunker(地堡)thananiceplacetolive________Soengineershavelookedforotherways.Oneistomakethebuildingthatcanswing(摇摆)fromsidetoside.________

istodesignitsothatitdoesn'tsitdirectlyonthegroundbutonsomethingthatallowsittomoveabitwiththeearthquake.Ifonlyasmallpartofabuilding________

(fall)downinanearthquake,damagecanbe________

(great)reduced,sobuildingsareoftendesignedtodothisaswell.

However,________

(make)newearthquake-proofbuildingsisexpensive,butwiththe________

(develop)ofscienceandtechnologymoreeffortswillbemadetosolve________

probleminthefuture.五、书面表达38.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetriedtocontrolwaterbybuildingdams.Damsallowpeopletocollectandstorewaterforuseathome,inindustry,andinagriculture.Forexample,whenpeoplebuildadamonariver,areservoir(水库)collectswaterthatcanbechannelledforhumanneeds.Inaddition,theabilityofdamstocontrolwaterflowhelpspreventfloods.Damscanalsobeusedtomakeelectricity.

Asthehumanpopulationgrows,theneedforwaterandelectricityincreases.Somanynewdamshavebeenbuiltinthepast50years.Today,nearlyhalfoftheriversintheworldhaveatleastonelargedam.Ifmanagedwell,damscanbeagreatbenefittopeople.Somedams,however,maydomoreharmthangood.

Alldamscausechangesinriverecosystemthathasanimpactonsurroundinglandandpeople.Asriverwatercollectsbehindalargedam,itmaybackupandformalargelake,floodinglandandkillingplantsandanimals.Peoplelivingonlandupstreamofadammaybeforcedtoabandontheirhomes.Belowthedam,waterflowdecreases.Thischangesthedownstreamecosystem.Plantsandanimalsmaynothaveenoughwater.Sometypesoffishmaybeunabletomoveupstreamtoreproduce.Rarespeciesofplantsandanimalsmaybecomeendangered.Farmerslivingdownstreamfromthedammaynotbeabletogrowcrops.Peoplewhofishforalivingmayhavetofindotherwork.

AnindependentorganizationcalledWorldCommissiononDamsworkedduringthelate1990stosuggestwaysofreducingproblemscausedbysomelargedams.Thecommissionrecommendedthattheresearch,thegroupdecision-making,andthecreationofaplanalltakeplacebeforethestartofconstructionofalargedam.Foraplantobesuccessful,itwouldneedtodemonstratethatthedamwouldcontributetothelong-termimprovementofhumanlife.Thelikelyimpactofthedamonlocalpeopleandtheenvironmentwouldbeassessedandconsideredinthedecision-makingprocess.答案解析部分IstruckdeliveredcrashedsweptsummaryII.strucktoawaytolengthanIII.morethanAtleastasmanyasThenumberofsweptawayIV.willdeliveraspeechItstruckherthatweresweptawaybycausingtherivertorisewaswatchingthefootballmatchwhenV．A【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】本文由大象的奇异动作写起，讲述了海啸来临时的海面变化，海啸的形成原因，及海啸造成的影响，最后写了人们如何预知海啸的来临。（1）细节理解题。由第一段Suddenly,ahugewaveappears.Thisisnoordinarywave.可知突然，一个巨浪出现了，这不是普通的海浪。大象们感知到海啸的发生，所以动作奇异，故选C。（2）细节理解题。由原文第二段Tsunamiwavesarelargerandfasterthannormalsurfacewaves.Atsunamiwavecantravelasfastasajetplaneandcanbeastallasaten-storybuilding.可知海啸波的速度比正常的波动大，海啸波旅行作为一架喷气式飞机一样快，可高达十层楼。故选B。（3）细节理解题。由原文最后一段Awatchmeansthatconditionsarefavorableforatsunami.可知手表意味着情况更有利于海啸的形成。故选C。（4）主旨大意题。由全文介绍海啸的形成及其预防方法可知，故选D。B【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，本文通过列举美国环保组织及自然资源保护委员会对野火及其烟雾的数据记录，向人们表明野火产生的烟雾已成为美国一个很严重的健康问题。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Two-thirdsofAmericans,ornearly212million,livedinstatessufferingfromwildfiresmokethreeyearsago”，气候变化增加了美国野火的爆发，致使三分之二的美国人受到了野火产生的烟雾的影响，可知，从前两段我们可以了解到，三年前，大多数美国人都遭受过野火产生的烟雾。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段列举的地方可知，Iowa，Kansas，Ohio属于2011年边境内没有野火，但至少有一周的烟雾空气的八个州中的三个；根据第六段列举的地方可知，California属于境内有大面积野火发生的五个州之一。故选D。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Texaswashithardestin2011…Illinois,whichrecordednowildfireswithinitsborders,camesecond…Theothereightstateswiththemostpeopleintouchwithsmokyairwere,indescending

order…”可推断出，本段列举的地方是从受影响最严重到受影响较小排列的，即按照降序排列。由此可知，descending应为“下降的”。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文通过列举美国环保组织及自然资源保护委员会对野火及其烟雾的数据记录，向人们表明野火产生的烟雾成为一个很严重的健康问题。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生准确捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。C【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了森林火灾预防有助于减少损失，减少火灾风险和控制病情蔓延从而确保生态平衡。森林火灾的危害不言而喻，在可控制中的火灾既有助于控制火灾损失，还有助于保持生物多样性。（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Thepreventivemeasuresforforestfiresincludesomepreemptivemethodsthatcanhelpreducetherisksoffiresandcontroltheirseverityandspread,andthus,maintainecologicalbalanceandprotectresources.”森林火灾的预防措施包括采取一些先发制人的措施，减少火灾风险，控制火灾的严重程度和蔓延，从而保持生态平衡，保护资源。结合文章主要从对火灾预防和发生后如何控制两方面做了介绍。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中Tocontrolthespreadofawildfire,firefightersusuallycreateacontrollinebyremovingallfuelfromanareasothatthefirecannottravelacrossit.”为了控制野火的蔓延，消防队员通常会通过移除某一区域的所有燃料来建立一条控制线，这样大火就不会蔓延。可知，消防人员清除掉所有的可燃物是为了阻止火势的蔓延。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Controlledburnsareoftenemployedbygovernmentauthoritiestoreducefuelbuildup,andcleanupthefallenleaves,andthus,preventthespreadofforestfirestoavastarea.”政府经常利用控制可燃物来减少可燃物积累，清理落叶，从而防止森林火灾蔓延到广大地区。由此可知，政府安排了一些可控燃烧，以减少可燃物的积累，并限制森林火灾的蔓延。故选C。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“However,theyarealsoanimportantpartoftheecosystem,andmanyplantsdependontheheatandsmokegeneratedbywildfiresfortheirgrowthandreproduction.”然而，它们也是生态系统的重要组成部分，许多植物依靠野火产生的热量和烟雾来生长和繁殖。可知，受控的森林火灾可以起到积极的作用，因为它可以促进一些种子的生长。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。D【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了专家认为全球变暖可能导致地质活动风险。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。12.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Significantwarmingof'theatmosphereinthedistantpastcanbelinkedtochanges-ingeologicalactivity,theysay.”他们说，在遥远的过去，大气的显著变暖可能与地质活动的变化有关。可知，全球变暖可能导致地质活动。故选D。13.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thisisanewinterestingacademicarena.“这是一个有趣的新的学术领域。可知，RichardBetts认为关于全球变暖的研究有一些新的有趣的特点。故选A。14.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ExpertssayglobalwarmingcouldaffectgeologicalrisksbecauseofthewayitcanmovelargeamountsofmassaroundontheEarth'ssurface.Meltingglaciersandrisingsealevelsshiftthedistributionofhugeamountsofwater,whichreleaseandincreasepressuresthroughtheground.Thesepressurechangescouldmakegeologicalshiftsmorelikely.”专家表示，全球变暖可能会影响地质风险，因为它会在地球表面移动大量物质。融化的冰川和上升的海平面改变了大量水的分布，释放并增加了通过地面的压力。这些压力的变化可能使地质变化更有可能发生。可知，地质风险通过改变地球表面的压力而受到影响。故选C。15.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Scientistscalledforwide-rangingresearchintowhethermorevolcanoes,earthquakesandlandslidescouldbetriggeredbyrisingglobaltemperaturesunderglobalwarming.“科学家们呼吁对全球变暖导致的全球气温上升是否会引发更多火山、地震和滑坡进行广泛的研究；第三段中的“ExpertssayglobalwarmingcouldaffectgeologicalrisksbecauseofthewayitcanmovelargeamountsofmassaroundontheEarth'ssurface.”专家表示，全球变暖可能会影响地质风险，因为它会在地球表面移动大量物质；以及最后一段中的“whileobservationssuggestthatongoingriseinglobalaveragetemperaturesmayalreadyberesultinginariskyresponsefromthegeosphere(陆界).“而观察表明，全球平均气温的持续上升可能已经导致了地质圈的危险反应。可知，本文主要介绍了专家认为全球变暖可能导致地质活动风险，故选D。VI.任务型阅读【答案】C；F；A；B；G【解析】本文是一篇说明文，自然灾害是可怕的事情，当孩子们表现出对自然灾害的恐惧时，文章介绍了五个方法来帮助孩子们减少恐惧。（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据第一段可知，根据空后“Buttalkingcanhelpchildrenfeelsaferandlessafraidofthefuture.”但是交谈可以帮助孩子们感到更安全，对未来少一些恐惧，可知，C选项中的talking以及naturaldisasters符合本段主题，且和下文呈转折关系，故选C。（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前的“Whenchildrenareallowedtotalkabouttheirfears,theyfeelsafer.Sometimes,thebestthinganadultcandoisjustlisten.”当孩子们被允许谈论他们的恐惧时，他们会感到更安全。有时候，成年人能做的最好的事情就是倾听，可知，F选项中的fear和listen与前文关键字相契合且内容（无论恐惧是什么，重要的是倾听和耐心对待孩子）与前文呼应，故选F。（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据文章结构可知，可知空处是段落的主旨句。再根据空后内容可知，A选项questions和后文内容相契合，且顺承下文内容“Whenansweringtheirquestions,itisbesttogiveshort,honestanswers.Ifyoudonotknowtheanswer,youcanbehonestandsaythatyoudonotknow.”在回答他们的问题时，最好简短、诚实地回答。如果你不知道答案，你可以诚实地说你不知道，故选A。（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后可知，oneway和B选项中ways相契合，B.Therearemanywaystodothis.“由很多方法可以做到这一点”承接下文，故选B。（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“However,shelovedtowrite.”然而，Heshani喜欢写作；以及空后“Writingpoemswasawayforhertoshareherfearssinceshedidnotliketotalkaboutthem.”写诗是她分享恐惧的一种方式，因为她不喜欢谈论它们，可知，G.Andsheoftensharedherfeelingsaboutthetsunamiinherpoems.“她经常在她的诗歌中分享她对海啸的感瘦”是并列关系，且承接下文，故选G。【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。VII.【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）D；（5）B；（6）A；（7）B；（8）D；（9）A；（10）C；（11）D；（12）B；（13）C；（14）A；（15）B；（16）C；（17）A；（18）A；（19）D；（20）C；【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，2018年11月，天堂镇几乎被史上最致命的大火摧毁。在那长大的谢恩格拉默关注着洛杉矶那场致命火灾的消息。当他儿时的朋友Edw贴出他家中唯一幸存下来的烟囱的照片时，他有了一个主意“得给烟囱刷油漆，”对他来说，这是一个表达他自己作为艺术家的机会。”后来格拉默去天堂旅行。他花了三个小时在他朋友的烟囱上画了一个女人的肖像，并在网上贴出了这幅画的照片。它受到了很多人的关注。他又回来了8次，在烟囱、汽车和墙壁上画了17幅遇难者的肖像。在一所房子外面，他发现了一张八岁女孩的照片。然后他在她家剩下的地方画了一幅她的壁画。格拉默在天堂的作品现在已经成为一种运动。他周游世界，在需要光线的黑暗地方画壁画。（1）考查名词。句意：Shanegrammer在那里长大,跟踪了洛杉矶发生致命火灾的消息A：history“历史”；B：news“新闻”；C：causes“起因”；D：purpose

“目的”。此处指ShaneGrammer跟踪了来自洛杉矶致命火灾的消息。故选B。（2）考查形容词。句意：他儿时的朋友爱德华兹，把他烟囱的照片发到网上——他家里唯一幸存下来的地方，这位47岁的艺术家感到无助。A：rest“其余的”；B：other“其他的”；C：only“唯一的”；D：first

“第一”。他的朋友张贴了一张仅仅幸存房子的烟囱，故选C。（3）考查形容词。A：helpless“无望的”；B：nervous“紧张的”；C：ashamed“羞耻的”；D：angry

“生气的”。根据他的朋友张贴了幸存房子的图画，可知他看到这些图画感到无助。故选A。（4）考查名词。句意：之后他有了一个主意。A：question“问题”；B：message“信息”；C：experience“经历”；D：idea

“主意，观点”。从他的无助及下面文章中他所画的那些感动别人的画，可知他有一-个想法。故选D。（5）考查动词。句意：我得粉刷一下烟囱。A：forget“忘记”；B：paint“粉刷，画画”；C：clean“清扫”；D：own

“拥有”。根据他是个画家，可知他在那个烟囱.上用颜料粉刷了。故选B。（6）考查动词。句意：这是我展现自己艺术家一面的机会。A：express“表达”；B：answer“回答”；C：learn“学”；D：change

“改变，变化”。作为一个作家，那是表达自己的一个机会。故选A。（7）考查名词。句意：在12月31日，Grammer去了趟

Paradise。A：suggestion“建议”；B：trip“旅行”；C：promise“承诺”；D：joke

“笑话”。根据下文可知他出行，去了Paradise。故选B。（8）考查动词。句意：Grammer在网上发了一张这幅画的照片。A：saw“看见”；B：copied“复制”；C：got“得到”；D：posted

“邮寄，张贴”。知他在网上张贴了他画的画。故选D。（9）考查名词。句意：它吸引了许多人的注意。A：attention“注意”；B：advice“建议”；C：trust“相信”；D：value

“价值”。故选A。（10）考查动词。句意：火灾的受害者，尤其被感动了。A：praised“表扬”；B：invited“邀请”；C：touched“接触”；D：treated

“对待，治疗”。根据上文，此画吸引了许多人的注意，可知它感动了受害者。touched此处是“受感动”。故选C。（11）考查动词。句意：你带来了美丽和希望。A：expect“期待，预料”；B：miss“错过，想念”；C：remember“记住”；D：bring

“带来”。故