2022-2023学年广东省河源市龙川县重点中学高三（上）教学质量检测英语试卷及答案解析

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年广东省河源市龙川县重点中学高三（上）教学质量检测英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AWhentoHarvestYourFruitsandVegetables

Frompeasandbeanstocabbagesandcauliflowertosoftfruits，here'showtotellwhentheharvestisready!Hereiseverythingyouneedtoknowwhentheharvestisreadyandhere'showtotellwhenit'stheperfecttimetoharvestyourcrops!

RootCrops

Beetsandturnips：Readywhengolf-ball-sizedtotennis-ball-sized.

Carrots：Readyassoonasthey'rebigenoughforyourneeds.Leavemain-cropvarietiesinthegrounduntilyou'rereadytousethem，includingoverwinterinmilderareas.

SoftFruits

Blackcurrants：Readyaweekafterturningblack.

Blueberries：Readytwoorthreedaysafterturningblue.

PeasandBeans

Peasandfavabeans：Readywhenthepeasfeelwell-developedintheirpods.Shellsneedafewtodouble-check.

Polebeansandbushbeans：Readywhenlongandsmooth，butbeforebeansstarttobulge（膨胀）inside.

Potatoes

Earlypotatoes：Ready10to12weeksafterplanting，whentheplantscomeintoflower.

Main-croppotatoesforstoring：Ready20weeksafterplanting，oncealltheleaveshavediedback.Withouttimelyharvest，theywouldbereaped（收获）nothing.

FruitingVegetables

Cucumbers：Readywhenthereisnopronouncedpointatthetipandtheygrowappropriate，whichdependsonwhatyouneed.Canbepickedsmallforsnackingcucumbers，orlargerforslicing（切片）.

Zucchini：Readywhentheyreachabout4inches（10centimeters）long.

Summersquash：Readyassoonastheyreachadesirablelength.

OurpopularVegetableGardenPlannercanhelpyoumapoutyourgardendesign，spacecrops，knowwhentoplantcropsinyourexactlocation，andmuchmore.Needcrop-specificgrowinginformation？GlanceatourCropsataGlanceGuideforadviceonplantingandcaringfordozensofgardencrops.

1.WhichofthefollowingcanaffecttheharvesttimeforRootCropsandFruitingVegetables？______A.Plantingareas. B.Personalneeds.

C.Weathersituations. D.Fruitsizes.2.WhatwouldbringaboutlessSoftFruitsandPotatoesharvests？______A.Ignoranceofharvesttime. B.Lackofrightpreparation.

C.Mistakeofknowingcolors. D.Irresponsibilityofplanting.3.WhoistheVegetableGardenPlannerintendedfor？______A.Planners. B.Gardeners. C.Scientists. D.Farmers.BLiuYang，China'sfirstfemaleastronaut，reportedly，hastouchedtheheartsofmillionswithalettertohertwochildrenthatwasmadepublicaftershesetoffintospaceforthesecondtimeearlierthismonth.

"You'remystrongestarmor（盔甲）andsoftestspot.Ididn'tallowyoutoseemeoffatthelaunchsitebecauseIwasafraidthatIwouldburstintotears，"Liuwroteinthelettertoherdaughter，8，andson，6，justdaysbeforebeinglaunchedintospaceforthesecondtimeonJune5ontheShenzhouXIVmission.

Liu，43，becameChina'sfirstfemaleastronautin2012，whenshespent13daysinspaceduringtheShenzhouIXmission.DuringtheShenzhouXIVmission，shewillstayattheTiangongspacestationforsixmonths，workingwithtwomalecolleaguestocompletetheconstructionofthestation.

ManypeoplesaidthatLiu'swordsallowedthemtoseethatanationalheroisalsoanordinarymother，andtheywishedforhersafereturn.

"Liufullyexpressedherloveforherchildrenintheletter.Itbroughttearstomyeyes，"commentedonenetizenonSinaWeibo，China'sTwitter-likemicro-bloggingplatform.

"Ifeelmoreconfidentandrelaxed，"LiutoldthemediaaheadofthelaunchoftheShenzhouXIVmission.

"WhenIwasabouttoreturntotheorbitalmoduleduringtheShenzhouIXmission，Istoppedandturnedaroundtosalute（致敬）theexperimentalspacestationmodulethatIstayedin.Atthatmoment，ItoldmyselfthatIwouldcomebacktospaceinthenearfuture.Ididn'texpectthe‘nearfuture'tobeadecadelong，"Liusaid.

Intheletter，sheencouragedherchildrennottobeafraidoffailurewhilepursuingtheirdreams.Liuaddedthatshefeltsorrythatshecouldnotbethereforhersononhisfirstdayatprimaryschool."AlthoughIcannotbewithyou，Iwon'tloveyouanyless，"shewroteintheletter."Mybabies，ifyoumissme，justlookupintothestarrysky.Everytimeyouseethestarstwinkle，it'sbecauseI'msaying‘Iloveyou'."4.WhatisthecommonreasonforLiu'sandnetizen'stears？______A.Liu'saffectionforherchildren.

B.Liu'sindifferentexpressions.

C.Liu'sseparationfromherfamily.

D.Liu'srefusaltomeetwithherkids.5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLiutakingovertheShenzhouXIVmission？______A.Considerateandexcited. B.Talkativeandexpectant.

C.Readyandhonest. D.Confidentandequipped.6.WhatisLiu'spurposeofwritingthisletter？______A.Toencouragekidstotry. B.Tosaygoodbyetoherchildren.

C.Tocatchpublicattention. D.Topraisethespiritofspace.7.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken？______A.Asciencemagazine. B.Awomanautobiography.

C.AChinesetextbook. D.Anewscoverage.CEarthquakeshaverockedtheplanetformanyyears.Studyingthequakesofthepastcouldhelpscientistsbetterunderstandmodernearthquakes，buttoolstodosuchworkare.

Enterzircons.Researchersusedthisspecialmeanstohomeinonthetemperatureswithinafault（地壳断层）duringearthquakesmillionsofyearsago.Themethodoffersinsightsintothestrengthoflong-agoquakes，andcanimprovetheunderstandingofhowtoday'searthquakesreleaseenergy，theresearchersreportedintheAprilGeochemistry，Geophysics，Geosystems.

"Themoreweunderstandaboutthepast，themorewecanunderstandwhatmighthappeninthefuture，"saidEmmaArmstrong，aprofessorspecializinginearthquakesatUtahStateUniversityinLogan.ArmstrongandhiscolleaguesfocusedonCalifornia'sPunchbowlFault.Thatnow-quietportionofthelargerSanAndreasFaultwasprobablyactivebetween1millionto10millionyearsago，Armstrongsaid.

Heatfromfriction（摩擦）isgeneratedinafaultwhenitslipsandtouchesoffanearthquake.PreviousanalysesofpreservedorganicmaterialsuggestedthattemperatureswithinthePunchbowlFaultpeakedbetween465℃and1065℃.Theresearcherssuspectedthatzirconsinrocksfromthefaultcouldnarrowthatbroadwindow.Zirconsoftencontaintheradioactivechemicalelementsuranium（U）andthorium（Th），whichdecay（衰变）tohelium（He）atapredictablerate.Thathelium（He）thenbuildsupinthecrystals.Butwhenazirconisheatedpastatemperaturecriticalityvalue—thesizeofwhichdependsonthezircon'scomposition—theaccumulatedhelium（He）escapes.

Measuringtheamountsofthethreeelementsinzirconsfromthefaultsuggeststhatthemostin-tenseearthquakegeneratedtemperatureslowerthan800℃.Thatroughlyhalvestherangepreviouslyreported.Thefindingprovidesusefulcluestotheamountofheatreleasedbyquakes，somethingdifficulttomeasureformodernearthquakesbecausetheyoftenoccuratgreatdepths.Armstrongplanstocontinuestudyingzircons，inthehopeoffindingmorewaystotakeadvantageofthemfordetailsaboutancientquakes.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"exiguous"inParagraph1mean？______A.Scarce. B.Difficult. C.Pricey. D.Extraordinary.9.Whataretheresearcher'sassumptionsaboutthezirconsinrocks？______A.Theycanleadtovariousearthquakes.

B.Theydeterminehowmuchoftheirenergy.

C.Theycanreducethefaulttemperaturerange.

D.Theywoulddecayoverlongperiods.10.WhatmightEmmaArmstrongstudynext？______A.Impactofchangingearthquakesonzircons.

B.Originanddevelopmentofenterzircons.

C.Differencebetweenmodernandancientquakes.

D.Morewaystousezirconsforancientquakestudy.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.EarthquakesBringaboutGlobalWarming

B.AncientZirconsHelptoUnearthEarthquakes

C.AnInnovativeMeansMakesaHitinStudying

D.ZirconsChangedOurViewsofEarthquakesDCovid-19vaccines（疫苗）begansavinglivesinclinicaltrials.Butanewstudy，basedinpartonTheEconomist'sestimateofthepandemic'struedeathtoll（伤亡人数），attemptstomodeljusthowmanyliveshavebeensparedsincevaccinesbecamewidelyavailabletothepublic.

Thestudy—publishedonJune23rdinLancetInfectiousDiseases—foundthatinthefirstyearofvaccinesthatwereinventedandintroducedtothepublic，jabs（注射疫苗）savedthelivesofpeoplebetween19.1millionand20.4million.Withoutvaccines，thestudyestimates，roughlythreetimesasmanypeoplewouldhavediedfromCovid-19in2021alone.And6.8million—7.7millonofthepreventeddeathswereincountriescoveredbyCOVAX（Covid-19VaccinesGlobalAccess），aninitiativecreatedtoensurevaccinesweresenttopoorercountries.Still，alackofvaccinesinsomepartsoftheworldstillledtoavoidabledeaths.Around100countriesfailedtoreachtheWorldHealthOrganization's（WHO）goalofvaccinating40%oftheirqualifiedpopulationsbytheendof2021.Theresearchersestimatethatthiscostaround600，000lives.

Toarriveattheseestimates，theresearchers，OliverJ.Watson，GregoryBarnsleyandtheircolleaguesatImperialCollegeLondon，beganwithanexistingtransmissionmodelusedtotrackthespreadofCovid-19infections.TheythencombinedthismodelwithTheEconomist'sestimateofthepandemic'struedeathtolltoestimatehowdeadlythepandemicwouldhavebeenwithoutvaccines.

Asforthestudy，everycoinhastwosides.Itreliesonassumptionsabouttheshareofestimatedinfectionsthatledtodeath，forinstance.Somesmallcountries，whichhavelimitedreliabledata，werenotincludedintheanalysis.Thatmeansthetotalnumberofactualavoideddeathswillbeevenhigher.Ontheotherhand，theresearchersdidnotattempttomodelhowpeopleorgovernmentsmighthavechangedtheirbehaviortolimitinfectionsintheabsenceofvaccines.Forallthat，itisthemostdefinitiveansweryettohowmanypeopleowetheirlivestothejabs.12.WhyarethevaccinessignificantaccordingtoParagraph2？______A.Theycanslowdownthepainofthepatients.

B.Theycanreducethenumberofdeathtoll.

C.Theycanpromotethedevelopmentofdrugs.

D.TheycanrealizetheWHO'sachievement.13.HowdotheresearchersatImperialCollegeLondondrawtheestimates？______A.Bydevelopingthetransmissionmodel.

B.Bycomparingdatabetweenmodelandstudy.

C.Bycombiningwiththepreviousstudy.

D.Bytrackingthespreadofinfections.14.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout？______A.Thelimitationsofthestudy. B.Theassumptionsofthestudy.

C.Theresultsofthestudy. D.Theadvantagesofthestudy.15.What'stheauthor'sopinionaboutthecurrentsituationofvaccines？______A.Uncertain. B.Pessimistic. C.Cautious. D.Confident.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Thereareover7，000languagesintheworld，eachofwhichhasitsownfeaturesandadvantages.Anyindividuallanguageisperfectlycapableofenablingcommunication.(1).

ShowFormalityWithAPronoun

ThereareplentyofwaystoshowrespectinEnglish，butwhatEnglishismissingistheformal"you".ButEnglishhasasingle，widelyacceptedsecond-personpronoun.ThisisalsowhyEnglishdoesn'thaveastandardformforaddressingmorethanoneperson.

(2).BackinthedaysofOldEnglish，theword"thou"wasthesingularyouand"ye"wasthepluralyou.Bythe13thcentury，thesetwohadshifted，so"thou"wastheinformalyouand"ye"wastheformalone.Butoverthepastseveralcenturies，thepronounsshiftedagain："ye"became"you"andreplacedbothofthem.

(3)

Howmanyvowels（元音）doesEnglishhave？Well，ifyoulookatthealphabet，ithasonlyfive：A，E，I，OandU.SixifyouthrowinY.ButifyouactuallylistentoEnglish，therearealotmore.Englishtriesitsbesttoreflectthisinitswritingsystem，butthefactofthematteristhatpeoplelearningEnglishthroughreadingaregoingtostruggletofigureoutwhatvowelssoundlike.Whenyouthrowindifferentdialectsandclusters（群组）like"trough，though，tough"，youcanseehowtrickyalanguagethisreallyis.(4).

Youcouldsay，then，thatthere'snothingonthislistEnglish"can't"do.Weprobablywon'twakeuptomorrowandsuddenlyhaveacompletelydifferentwordorder，buttheEnglishesspoken10，50and100yearsfromnowwillalldifferfromtheoneswespeaktoday.(5).

A．RepresentAllItsVowelsInWriting

B．ExpressTheStandardFormOfRespect

C．Oneofthestrangethings，though，isthatEnglishusedtohavebothofthese

D．However，therearetwothingsEnglishcan'tdobutotherlanguagescan

E．Englishneedstokeepmovingtostayaliveandit'sexcitingtothinkaboutwhereitcouldgo

F．WhenyouonlyknowEnglish，you'regettingalimitedlookatwhatlanguageasawholecando

G．ThisdiffersalotfromalanguagelikeSpanish，whichforthemostparthasonlyonesoundperletter16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）WhenthedoctorperformedacheckinAnita'sseventhmonthofpregnancy，hesawthatherun-bornchildhadacleft（唇裂）."He(21)metogetridofhim，"Anitasaid，tearspouringdownhercheeks."ItoldhimI(22)thischild.Ilovehimandwill(23)himforever."

WhenAnitashowedhernewbabytoherneighbors，theywere(24)"Yoursonlookslikeamonster（怪物）"theytoldmeandto"getridofhim".Inmanyplacesaroundtheworldthereiswidespreadandseveresocialshameassociatedwithcleftconditionsandfamiliesareoftenforcedto(25)newbornsfromtheirfamilymembersandcommunities.

Hearinghersonbeinglaughedatwasnottheworstofit."WhenItriedto(26)him，themilkcameoutofhisnose.Iwas(27)thathecoulddie.Aljay(28)andlovedschool，butthe(29)heexperiencedatschoolwashardtobear.They(30)him，andcalledhimamonster."

WhenthefamilyheardthatOperationSmilewascomingtoCagayandeOro，theybegan(31)moneytoaffordtransporttogettothecity.AtthemedicalmissionAnita(32)receivedthenewsshewaswaitingfor：Aljaywashealthyenoughtoreceivesurgery.Afterjustover45minutes，hislipwas(33)andhislifewas(34).TodayAljayisa(35)boywholovesgoingtoschoolandplayingwithotherchildrenhappily.21.

A.ordered B.allowed C.forced D.told22.

A.admire B.miss C.want D.adopt23.

A.desert B.protect C.hate D.praise24.

A.confused B.disappointed C.scared D.curious25.

A.punish B.hide C.abandon D.kill26.

A.feed B.treat C.dress D.bathe27.

A.upset B.certain C.worried D.relieved28.

A.disappeared B.escaped C.recovered D.survived29.

A.accident B.process C.suffering D.pleasure30.

A.laughedat B.playedwith C.ranafter D.caredfor31.

A.donating B.saving C.spending D.wasting32.

A.officially B.gradually C.actually D.finally33.

A.repaired B.cut C.pursed D.bitten34.

A.built B.transformed C.enjoyed D.ruined35.

A.silent B.naughty C.powerful D.cheerful四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36."HongKong's(1)（big）achievementinthepast25yearsliesinkeeping(2)（maintain）itsseparatelegal，judicial（司法的），economic，financial(3)（system）andlifestyle，"saidReginaIpLauSuk-yee，thememberoftheExecutiveCouncilandLegislativeCounciloftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioninanexclusiveinterviewwithChinaDaily.

Ipsaid，"(4)HongKongwasintrouble，ourmotherlandhasalwayscometoourrescue.Ithinkwehavetocontinuetellingthetruth，tellingtherealstoryaboutHongKongandourmother-land."

Speaking(5)HongKong'sfuturedevelopment，IpsaidafterHongKong'sindustriesmigratedtonorthoftheboundary，jobopportunitiesforyoungpeoplehavenarrowed(6)（considerable）.Butthankstothenation'sfive-yearplans，IpsaidHongKonglooksforwardto(7)（rebuild）as.aninternationalresearchanddevelopment，technologyandmanufacturingcenterinthenextfewyears.

Ipsaidshethinksthenewchiefexecutiveisin(8)goodpositiontorestructuretheeconomy，leadthegovernmenttorebuildharmonyandtakethecityforward."I'msurehe(9)（focus）onspeedingupresolvingourlandandhousing(10)（short）throughtheNorthernMetropolisdevelopment，"Ipsaid.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.你校英语报开辟了一个专栏：After-schoolActivities.。请你以"BestSpendOurLeisureTime"为题，用英文写篇短文投稿，内容包括：

（1）利用好课余时间的重要性；

（2）提出建议。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

BestSpendOurLeisureTime________38.Itwasabrightspringafternoonalongthecoast，andJonathanBauer，51andhis13-year-olddaughter，Ava，weretakingfulladvantageofit.Theyweredrivingwiththewindowsdownastheyheadedhomeonthe1.4-mile，two-laneRoute90bridge，whichcrossestheshallowwatersofthebay.Suddenly，thecalmwasdisturbedbytheloudnoiseoftires.

Notfaraheadofthem，ablackpickuptruckwasskidding（打滑）fromonelanetotheother.ToBauer'shorror，itcrashedintoaconcretebarrier，spunlikeatop，flippedovertheSUVdirectlyaheadofthem，andcametoresthangingovertherailingofthebridge.Bauerhitthebrakesintimetoavoidthevehiclesinhispath，butaBMWcarthathadhitintotheguardrailontheright，cameslidingbackwardtowardshim.Heturnedleft，buttoolate—theBMWstruckhiscar'sfender（保险杠）beforecrashingintothevehiclebehindhim.

Bauerstoppedthecar."Ava，areyouOK？"heasked.Shewasshaken，butotherwiseunhurt.

HerantotheBMW."AreyouOK？"heaskedthedriver.Shenodded，tooshockedtospeak.

Andthenashout.Itcamefromthepickuptruck，whichhadcometorestonitsrightside.Thebackpassengercompartment（车厢隔间）andtruckbedwerehungoutpasttheguardrail，30ormorefeetabovethewatersofthebay.Thedriver'sdoorwasopenandamanclimbedout.Hedroppedtotheground，thenstormingtotherailing.Bauerranupbesidehim.Themanpointeddown.Inthewaterwasacarseat.Nexttoit，agirl，abouttwoyearsold，wasterrified，floatingonherback，andscreaming.

Fromaroundthetruck，itsotherpassengerswhohadgottenclearofthecompartmentwerelookingdownintothewater.

Mattersquicklywentfrombadtofrighteningwhenthegirlrolledoverontoherstomach.Bauerwaitedforthepickuptruckdrivertodosomething，buthedidn't.Maybehewasinshock.

注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

"Ava!"Baueryelled，tryingtoremovehisshoes."Staybythecar!"_____

Whenthelittlegirlwaslessthan10feetaway，Bauerswamtoherquickly._______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、A、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据RootCrops介绍内容Readywhengolf-ball-sizedtotennis-ball-sized.（从高尔夫球大小到网球大小时准备就绪。）Readyassoonasthey'rebigenoughforyourneeds.（只要它们足够大，就可以满足您的需要。）以及FruitingVegetables介绍内容Readywhenthereisnopronouncedpointatthetipandtheygrowappropriate，whichdependsonwhatyouneed.（当尖端没有明显的点并且它们长得合适时准备好，这取决于您的需要。）可知，果实的大小会影响RootCrops和FruitingVegetables种类农作物的收获时间。D.Fruitsizes.（果实大小）符合表述，故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据SoftFruits介绍内容Readyaweekafterturningblack.（变黑一周后准备好。）Readytwoorthreedaysafterturningblue.（变蓝后两三天即可食用。）以及Potatoes介绍内容Ready10to12weeksafterplanting，whentheplantscomeintoflower.（种植后10到12周准备好，此时植物开始开花。）可推测，SoftFruits和Potatoes类农作物对收获时间的要求很高。即对收获时间的不了解会造成这两类农作物的减产。A.Ignoranceofharvesttime.（不知道收获时间。）符合推断，故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段OurpopularVegetableGardenPlannercanhelpyoumapoutyourgardendesign，spacecrops，knowwhentoplantcropsinyourexactlocation，andmuchmore.（我们广受欢迎的菜园规划师可以帮助您规划您的花园设计、空间作物、知道何时在您的确切位置种植作物等等。）可知，本文旨在帮助有求于规划花园设计、种植空间和种植位置的人，即园艺爱好者。B.Gardeners.（园丁）符合推断，故选B。

本文是一篇健康类阅读，主要介绍了如何判断收获农作物的最佳时机。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】A、D、B、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段You'remystrongestarmorandsoftestspot.Ididn'tallowyoutoseemeoffatthelaunchsitebecauseIwasafraidthatIwouldburstintotears（你是我最坚强的盔甲，也是我最柔软的地方。我不让你去发射场为我送行，因为我怕我会哭出来）以及第五段Liufullyexpressedherloveforherchildrenintheletter.Itbroughttearstomyeyes（刘在信中充分表达了她对孩子们的爱，这让我热泪盈眶）可知，使刘洋和网友流泪的主要原因是刘洋对她孩子的深深的爱。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第六段Ifeelmoreconfidentandrelaxed（我感到更加自信和放松）以及第七段IstoppedandturnedaroundtosalutetheexperimentalspacestationmodulethatIstayedin.Atthatmoment，ItoldmyselfthatIwouldcomebacktospaceinthenearfuture.Ididn'texpectthe'nearfuture'tobeadecadelong（我停下脚步，转过身来，向我所在的空间站实验舱致敬。在那一刻，我告诉自己在不久的将来我会回到太空。我没想到不久的将来会是十年）可知，刘洋对这次任务是自信的而且是做好了准备的。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Liuaddedthatshefeltsorrythatshecouldnotbethereforhersononhisfirstdayatprimaryschool.（刘补充说，她很遗憾不能在儿子上小学的第一天陪伴在他身边）以及AlthoughIcannotbewithyou，Iwon'tloveyouanyless（虽然我不能和你在一起，但我不会减少对你的爱）可知，刘洋未能在儿子上小学的第一天陪伴在他身边表示遗憾，她写这封信表达了对孩子的爱，并向她的孩子们告别。故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据第一段LiuYang，China'sfirstfemaleastronaut，reportedly，hastouchedtheheartsofmillionswithalettertohertwochildrenthatwasmadepublicaftershesetoffintospaceforthesecondtimeearlierthismonth.（据报道，中国首位女宇航员刘洋在本月早些时候第二次升空后，给两个孩子写了一封信，这封信被公之于众，感动了数百万人的心。）可知，文章最有可能出自新闻报道。故选D。

本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国第一位女性宇航员刘洋，在第二次升空后给孩子留的信感动了数百万人的故事。

本文是一篇记叙文阅读。题目涉及细节理解题和推理判断题。做细节理解题时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

8~11.【答案】A、C、D、B【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据第一段中Studyingthequakesofthepastcouldhelpscientistsbetterunderstandmodernearthquakes（研究过去的地震可以帮助科学家更好地了解现代地震）引出话题，以及之后的but转折和最后一段中Thefindingprovidesusefulcluestotheamountofheatreleasedbyquakes，somethingdifficulttomeasureformodernearthquakesbecausetheyoftenoccuratgreatdepths.Armstrongplanstocontinuestudyingzircons，inthehopeoffindingmorewaystotakeadvantageofthemfordetailsaboutancientquakes.（这一发现为地震释放的热量提供了有用的线索，而对于现代地震来说，这是很难测量的，因为它们经常发生在极深的地方。阿姆斯特朗计划继续研究锆石，希望找到更多利用它们的方法来了解古代地震的细节。）说明对于现代地震来说测量工作的难度，故可猜测，exiguous为"缺乏的、罕见的"意思，结合选项A项Scarce"稀缺的"意思一致。A．Scarce稀缺的；B．Difficult困难的；C．Pricey昂贵的；D．Extraordinary非凡的。故选A项。

（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中PreviousanalysesofpreservedorganicmaterialsuggestedthattemperatureswithinthePunchbowlFaultpeakedbetween465℃and1065℃.Theresearcherssuspectedthatzirconsinrocksfromthefaultcouldnarrowthatbroadwindow.（此前对保存下来的有机物质的分析表明，Punchbowl断层内的温度峰值在465℃至1065℃之间。研究人员怀疑，断层岩石中的锆石可能会缩小这一峰值范围。）可知，研究人员猜想，断层处岩石中的锆石可能会缩小温度范围。故选C项

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中Armstrongplanstocontinuestudyingzircons，inthehopeoffindingmorewaystotakeadvantageofthemfordetailsaboutancientquakes.（阿姆斯特朗计划继续研究锆石，希望找到更多利用它们的方法来了解古代地震的细节。）可知，阿姆斯特朗计划继续研究锆石，希望能利用它们找到更多的方法来了解古代地震的细节。故选D项。

（4）文章出处题。根据文章大意以及最后一句Armstrongplanstocontinuestudyingzircons，inthehopeoffindingmorewaystotakeadvantageofthemfordetailsaboutancientquakes.（阿姆斯特朗计划继续研究锆石，希望找到更多利用它们的方法来了解古代地震的细节。）可知，文章主要讲的是研究过去的地震可以帮助研究人员更好地理解现代地震，研究人员利用特殊的工具——锆石，了解数百万年前地壳断层达到的温度，从而对现代地震有新的了解。故可知，文章最好的标题为"古代锆石有助于揭示地震"。故选B项。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用锆石这种特殊的工具来研究古代地震，从而揭示关于现代地震的新见解。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12~15.【答案】B、B、A、D【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段jabssavedthelivesofpeoplebetween19.1millionand20.4million.Withoutvaccines，thestudyestimates，roughlythreetimesasmanypeoplewouldhavediedfromCovid-I9in2021alone（接种疫苗挽救了1910万至2040万人的生命。该研究估计，如果没有疫苗，仅在2021年就会有大约三倍的人死于新冠肺炎）可知，注射疫苗挽救了1910万到2040万人的生命，并且如果没有疫苗，仅在2021年，死于Covid-19的人数就大约是前者的三倍。因此，疫苗的重要意义在于它可以减少伤亡人数。故选B。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第三段TheythencombinedthismodelwithTheEconomist's

estimateofthepandemic'struedeathtolltoestimatehowdeadlythepandemicwouldhavebeenwithoutvaccines（然后，他们将这个模型与《经济学人》对大流行的真实死亡人数的估计结合起来，来估计如果没有疫苗大流行的致命程度）可知，在伦敦帝国学院的研究人员将传播模型与《经济学人》对疫情真实死亡人数的估计相结合，来估计如果没有疫苗，疫情的死亡人数。因此，研究人员通过比较模型和研究的数据得出估计值。故选B。

（3）A.段落大意题。根据第四段Asforthestudy，everycoinhastwosides.Itreliesonassumptionsabouttheshareofestimatedinfectionsthatledtodeath，forinstance.Somesmallcountries，whichhavelimitedreliabledata，werenotincludedintheanalysis.Thatmeansthetotalnumberofactualavoideddeathswillbeevenhigher.Ontheotherhand，theresearchersdidnotattempttomodelhowpeopleorgovernmentsmighthavechangedtheirbehaviortolimitinfectionsintheabsenceofvaccines.Forallthat，itisthemostdefinitiveansweryettohowmanypeopleowetheirlivestothejabs.（至于这个研究，每个硬币都有两面。例如，它依赖于对导致死亡的估计感染比例的假设。一些可靠数据有限的小国没有被纳入分析。这意味着实际避免的死亡总数将更高。另一方面，研究人员并没有试图模拟在缺乏疫苗的情况下人们或政府如何改变行为以限制感染。尽管如此，这仍然是迄今为止最明确的答案，说明有多少人是因为这些针刺才活下来的。）可知，这一段主要交代了这项研究依赖于对导致死亡的估计感染份额的假设。有些小国可靠数据有限，不包括在分析之内。这意味着研究人员估计实际避免的死亡总人数将会更高。由此可推知，本段主要是关于这个实验的局限性。故选A。

（4）D.推理判断题。根据第四段theresearchersdidnotattempttomodelhowpeopleorgovernmentsmighthavechangedtheirbehaviortolimitinfectionsintheabsenceofvaccines（研究人员并没有试图模拟在缺乏疫苗的情况下人们或政府如何改变行为以限制感染）和"itisthemostdefinitiveansweryettohowmanypeopleowetheirlivestothejabs"（这是迄今为止最明确的答案，有多少人是因为这些疫苗才活下来的）可知，作者对疫苗的现状是十分有信心的。故选D。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过研究人员利用模型和真实数据的对比，揭示了疫苗对世界疫情爆发的重要意义。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】D、C、A、G、E【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文Thereareover7，000languagesintheworld，eachofwhichhasitsownfeaturesandadvantages.Anyindividuallanguageisperfectlycapableofenablingcommunication.（世界上有7000多种语言，每种语言都有自己的特点和优势。任何一种语言都完全有能力进行交流。）和下文第二段ThereareplentyofwaystoshowrespectinEnglish，butwhatEnglishismissingistheformal"you".（在英语中有很多表示尊重的方式，但是英语中缺少的是正式的"你"。）、第四段Englishtriesitsbesttoreflectthisinitswritingsystem，butthefactofthematteristhatpeoplelearningEnglishthroughreadingaregoingtostruggletofigureoutwhatvowelssoundlike.（英语尽力在其书写系统中反映这一点，但事实上，通过阅读学习英语的人们将很难弄清楚元音听起来是什么样的。）可知，上文说世界上有很多种语言，下文主要从两个方面提到英语做不到的地方。选项D"然而，有两件事英语不能做，但其他语言可以。"和上下文意思一致。故选D。

（2）段落大意题。根据下文BackinthedaysofOldEnglish，theword"thou"wasthesingularyouand"ye"wasthepluralyou.Bythe13thcentury，thesetwohadshifted，so"thou"wastheinformalyouand"ye"wastheformalone.Butoverthepastseveralcenturies，thepronounsshiftedagain："ye"became"you"andreplacedbothofthem.（在古英语时代，"thou"是单数的"you"，"ye"是复数的"you"。到了13世纪，这两个词已经发生了变化，所以"thou"是非正式的you，"ye"是正式的you。但是在过去的几个世纪里，代词又发生了变化："ye"变成了"you"，并取代了它们。）可知，这里在谈英语在过去的时代，曾经拥有过表达尊重的正式的第二人称表达，但是在时代的变更中最后都被"you"取代了。选项C"然而，奇怪的事情之一是，英语过去两者都有。"和下文意思一致。故选C。

（3）段落大意题。根据下文Howmanyvowels（元音）doesEnglishhave？Well，ifyoulookatthealphabet，ithasonlyfive：A，E，I，OandU.SixifyouthrowinY.ButifyouactuallylistentoEnglish，therearealotmore.Englishtriesitsbesttoreflectthisinitswritingsystem（英语有几个元音？好吧，如果你看字母表，它只有5：A，E，I，O和U，如果加上Y，就是6个。但如果你真的听英语，还有很多。英语在其书写体系中尽力反映这一点）可知，英语中以书面形式来体现所