2023学年完整公开课版文档：EndangeredSpecies

补充文档野生动物保护背景介绍I.中国国家重点保护动物名录■ 国家一级保护动物最凶猛的雕：金雕1.金雕Aquilachrysaetos2.白鹳Ciconiaciconia3.黑麂Muntyacuscrinifrons4.云豹Neofelisnebulosa5.华南虎Pantheratigris6.豹Pantherapardusfusca7.白颈长尾雉Syrmaticusellioti8.黄腹角雉Tragopancaboti■ 国家二级保护动物鬣羚：真兽下纲，反刍亚目，有角下目，牛科1.鬣羚Capricornissumatraensis2.豺Cuonalpinus3.金猫Felistemmincki4.短尾猴Macacaarctoides5.猕猴Macacamulatta6.穿山甲Manispentadactyla7.黄喉貂Martesflavigula8.斑羚Naemorhedusgoral9.大灵猫Viverrazibetha10.小灵猫Viverriculaindica11.雀鹰Accipiternisus12.赤腹鹰Accipitersoloensis13.苍鹰Accipitergentilis14.鸳鸯Aixgalericulata15.乌雕Aquilaclanga16.白腹山雕Aquilafasciata17.短耳鸮Asioflammeus18.长耳鸮Asiootus19.雕鸮Bubobubo20.灰脸鹰Butasturindicus21.大鵟Buteohemilasius22.毛脚鵟Buteolagopus23.普通鵟Buteobuteo24.红脚隼Falcovespertinus25.灰背隼Falcocolumbarius26.游隼Falcoperegrinus27.燕隼Falcosubbuteo28.红隼Falcotinnunculus29.领鸺鹠Glaucidiumbrodiei30.斑头鸺鹠Glaucidiumcuculoides31.白鹇Lophuranycthemera32.小隼Mrcrohieraxcaerulescens33.鸢Milvusmigrans34.鹰鸮Ninoxscutulata35.小杓鹬Numeniusborealis36.领角鸮Otusbakkamoena37.红角鸮Otusscops38.勺鸡Pucrasiamacrolopla39.蛇雕Spilornischeela40.鹰雕Spizaetusnipalensis41.褐林鸮Strixleptogrammica42.草鸮Tytocapensis43.大鲵Andriasdavidianus44.虎纹蛙Ranatigrina45.拉步甲CarabuslafossaeiII.WhatisWWF?WWF,theglobalconservationorganizationwasoriginallyknownasWorldWildlifeFund.In1986,itchangeditsnametoWorldWideFundForNature(exceptintheUSandCanada)tobetterrepresentthespreadofitswork.ItwasfoundedonSeptember11,1961by,amongothers,thebiologistSirJulianHuxley,PrinceBernhardoftheNetherlands,MaxNicholsonandthenaturalistandpainterSirPeterScottwhodesignedtheoriginalblackandwhitepandalogo.Itisoneoftheworld’slargestenvironmentalorganizations,withanetworkofofficesinnearly60countriesandasecretariatinGland,Switzerland.ProbablythemostfamousnameassociatedwithWWFisHRHTheDukeofEdinburgh.TheDukewasthefirstPresidentofWWF-UKfromitsfoundationin1961to1982,InternationalPresidentofWWF(1981-1996),andisnowPresidentEmeritus.WWFisdedicatedtostoppingthedegradationoftheplanet’snaturalenvironmentandbuildingafutureinwhichhumansliveinharmonywithnature,by:▲ conservingtheworld’sbiologicaldiversity,▲ ensuringthattheuseofrenewablenaturalresourcesissustainable,▲ promotingthereductionofpollutionandwastefulconsumption.WWFhasafactual,science-basedapproachtoconservation,whichfocusesonsixpriorityissuesofglobalconcern:forests,oceansandcoasts,freshwater,endangeredspecies,andtheinsidiousthreatsoftoxicchemicalsandclimatechange.Foreachoftheseissues,WWFhasdevelopedmeasurabletargetsandrunsmorethan1,200fieldprojectsaroundtheworldinanyyear.III.AntelopeTheantelopeareagroupofherbivorousAfricananimalsofthefamilyBovidae,distinguishedbyapairofhollowhornsontheirheads.TheseanimalsarespreadrelativelyevenlythroughoutthevarioussubfamiliesofBovidaeandmanyaremorecloselyrelatedtocowsorgoatsthaneachother.Therearemanydifferentspeciesofantelope,ranginginsizefromtinytoverybig.Theytypicallyhavealightandelegantfigure,slender,gracefullimbs,smallclovenhoofs,andashorttail.Antelopehavepowerfulhindquartersandwhenstartledtheyrunwithapeculiarboundingstridethatmakesthemlookasthoughtheyarebouncingovertheterrainlikeagiantrabbit.Somespeciesofantelopecanreachspeedsof60milesperhour(100kilometersperhour),makingthemamongthefastestoflandanimals.IV.ElephantElephantidae(theelephants)istheonlyextantfamilyintheorderProboscidea.Elephantidaehasthreelivingspecies:theSavannahElephantandForestElephant(whichwerecollectivelyknownastheAfricanElephant)andtheAsianElephant(formerlyknownastheIndianElephant).Duringtheperiodoftheiceagethereweremorespecies,whicharenowextinct.Elephantsarethelargestlivinglandmammals.Atbirthitiscommonforanelephantcalftoweigh100kg(225pounds).Ittakes20to22monthsforababyelephanttomaturetobirth,thelongestgestationperiodofanylandanimal.Anelephantmayliveaslongas60to70years.ThelargestelephanteverrecordedwasamaleshotinAngolain1974,weighing12000kilogramsor26400pounds.Prehistorichumanbeingshavebeenknowntoeatelephants,asrecentfindingsofanimalremainsincentralChinashow.Theelephantisnowaprotectedanimal,andconsumptionisprohibitedaroundtheworld.V.MonkeyMonkeysrangeinsizefromthePygmyMarmoset,at10cm(4inch)long(plustail)and120g(4oz)inweighttothemaleMandrill,almost1metre(3ft)longandweighing35kg(75lb).Somearearboreal(livingintrees),someliveonthesavanna;someeatfruit,someeatleaves,andsomeeatinsects;althoughmosthavetails(sometimesprehensile),othersdonot;somehavetrichromaticcolourvisionlikethatofhumans,othersaredichromatsormonoc