名词性从句详解

名词性从句现在是1页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子结构概论现在是2页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六复合句:主句+从句

名词性从句定语从句

状语从句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome.

定语从句

状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica.(宾语从句）名词性从句---现在是3页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhowillwinthematch.Thequestioniswhowillwinthematch.Thequestionwhowillwinthematchisinteresting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句现在是4页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六NounClauses(名词性从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)AppositiveClause（同位语从句）ObjectClause（宾语从句）PredicativeClause（表语从句）现在是5页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六ObjectClauses

宾语从句现在是6页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六ConjunctionsofNounClauses（引导名词性从句的关联词）：从属连词（不作成分）连接代词（作主、宾、表、定）连接副词（作状语）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whose

that,whether,ifwhen(ever),where(ver),how(ever),why现在是7页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六

做及物动词的宾语

做介词的宾语

做形容词的宾语现在是8页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六一、连词（引导词）

1.

that1)当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.现在是9页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六2.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的从句也可算是宾语从句(that可省略)。I’msorry

(that)

Idon’tknow.We’resure

(that)

ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid

(that)

hewon’tpasstheexam.现在是10页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六3）宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：

（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；Hesaid(that)helikedrainverymuchandthathewouldn’tuseanumbrellawhenitwasraining.（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthecountryside.（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句，that不可省。现在是11页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六1.Idon’tthink___________sheiscoming.

2.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshould

readEnglishaloud.

3.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddied

and__________hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthat(that)现在是12页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六1.Idon’tdoubt______hecanspeakEnglish.2.Idoubt____________hecanspeakEnglish.whether/ifthat现在是13页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。(1)Lilywantedtoknow__________hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2)Let’ssee___________

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3)Sheaskedme___________

shecouldborrowthesebooks.2.whether//ifwhether/ifwhether/ifwhether/if现在是14页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六注意whether和if的使用区别:

1)whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，但a.当从句中有ornot时就用whether,不用if。

b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if表示“是否”。c.

whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.

2)if可以引导条件状语从句，whether无此用法。

Idon’tknowwhether

ornotIwillstay.Iworryabout

whetherIhurtherfeeling.Ifyouaretosucceed,yououghttoworkharder.Idon’tknowwhethertotellhimaboutthis.现在是15页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六PracticetimeIaskedher____________shehadabike.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow__________Ishouldgo.

if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if__________togo.whether现在是16页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whose,

when,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。Doyouknow______hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember_______wearrived.Iaskedhim_______

Icouldgetsomuchmoneyinsoshortatime.Pleasetellme____________wehavetosee.Doyouknow_______

timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwherewho/whomwhat现在是17页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。Iknowhe_______here.(live)Iknowhe_______heretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathe_________tomorrow.(come)liveslivedwillcome现在是18页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwho_______here.(live)Isawshe_____________hermother.(talk)Heaskedwhetherhisfather_______________tomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathe________itbefore.(see)3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Hesaidtheearth_______aroundthesun.（travel）livedwastalkingwithwouldcomebackhadseentravels现在是19页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六三、语序宾语从句要用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。1.Idon’tknowwhatisthematter/thetrouble/wrongwithhim.2.Idon’tknowwhodidit.3.Idon’tknowwhoishe.1.Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

1.Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.2.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√×√√现在是20页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六21如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语

it

而将真正的宾语that/wh-从句放到补足语后面；find,feel,think,believe,guess,makee.g.Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme．我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。用it作形式宾语的宾语从句现在是21页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六1).Canyoumakesure_________Alicehasputthegoldring.2).Italldependson_______theywillsupportus.3).Shewillgive__________needshelpawarmsupport.4).Hemade____cleartothepublic______hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.

wherewhetherwhoeveritthat现在是22页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.ifB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow____wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC现在是23页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD现在是24页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_______?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaidthatifit_______thenextday,he_______fishing.A.wouldrain,wouldn'tgoB.rains,won'tgoC.rained,wouldn'tgoD.rains,willgo

toBCD现在是25页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六PredicativeClauses

表语从句现在是26页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六从属连词(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whosethat,whether,asif/asthough，becausewhen(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。表语从句现在是27页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六表语从句Thequestionsis________wecanrelyonhim.

2.Hedidn’tstudyabroad.That’s________hewasinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helooked_______hewasgoingtocry.

4.Mycarbrokedownhalfway.That’s_______Iwaslate.whetherbecauseasifwhy现在是28页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六

注意：在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。Itis/

wasbecause….Itis/

waswhy….4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/

wasthat….5.Thereason/resultisbecause/

why…that...现在是29页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六Myadviceisthatyou___________(set)offearlytomorrowmorning.Hisorderisthatwe_____________(clean)theclassroomeveryday.Hissuggestionisthatthethief_______________(send)tothepolicestation.Thequestionis_________hewillcome.(should)set(should)clean(should)besentwhether表示建议，要求，命令的词

…sb(should)do现在是30页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when现在是31页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六5.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.

A.that

B.likeC.as

D.asthough6.---Ifellsick!---Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because

7.Theproblemis_______hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.thatDDB现在是32页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六8.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat9.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.suchBC现在是33页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六SubjectClauses

主语从句现在是34页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六ConjunctionsofNounClauses（引导名词性从句的关联词）：从属连词（不作成分）连接代词（作主、宾、表、定）连接副词（作状语）what(ever),which(ever);who(ever),whom(ever),whose

that,whetherwhen(ever),where(ver),how(ever),why现在是35页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六whether

“是否”，不做主语从句中成分，源于一般疑问句；“if”不能引导主语从句。引导词__________________________isnoteasytosay(他是否会来这儿）.Whetherhewillcomehere(

Ifhewillcomehere...)×_____________ismorepractice.（我们所需要的）___________________________isunderdiscussion.（我们什么时候开始会议）四.连接副词when等在从句中作状语。WhatweneedWhenwewillbeginthemeeting三.连接代词what等在从句中作主语、宾语等。现在是36页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六

注意一:主语从句后置!

为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.

2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.

→Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.→It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:

Itis+adj./n.(strange/apity/…)+that…Itis+v.-ed(said/reported…)+that…现在是37页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六Whatheneeds__thatbook.Whatheneeds___somebooks.isare注意三：what与that引导主语从句的区别:注意二:主语从句对应的主句谓语动词一般用单数。但what/who等引导主语从句时，主句谓语单复数可根据表语决定。1.that不做成分；不能省略。2.what可以做主语，宾语，表语。可译成“---的东西，话，事情，人，地方，时间，样子等”——“所----”1.Whathesaiddisappointedme.2.Acomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo.现在是38页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry

____

theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto现在是39页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.wateris

B.thatwateris

C.iswater

D.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.

WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.is

B.are

C.has

Dhave现在是40页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六appositiveClauses

同位语从句现在是41页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六同位语从句

1.跟在某些抽象名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明,解释这些名词的具体内容。常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。以及suggestion,order,demand,wish等。2.常用连词：that,whether;when,where,why,how;what,which,who,whom,whose,wh-ever等。

现在是42页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._______________________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.________________________________________________________________________________现在是43页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime.

Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.___________________________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime

iswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.________________________________________________________________________现在是44页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六1.Thenews_______wewonthecompetitionisveryencouraging.2.Ihavenoidea______hashappenedtohim.用that/what填空whatthat现在是45页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定语从句同位语从句3.连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当从句宾语时可以省略。区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等。2.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“…的”。现在是46页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六

判断:定语从句or同位语从句1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.

2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.(定语从句)(同位语从句)(同位语从句)(定语从句)现在是47页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六B2.___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.Who

B.TheoneC.Anyone

D.Whoever3.Informationhasbeenputforward___more

graduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.that

B.how

C.where

D.whatDA1.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis___heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereasonPracticetime现在是48页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六4.

---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?

---Oh,

that’s___.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcitedA现在是49页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六5.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor____buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoever

D.whomever6.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that7.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept____helphecanget.

A.whichever

B.howeverC.whatever

D.

whenever现在是50页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六8.

_____manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That9.

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever现在是51页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六10.Shereceivedthemessage___hewouldcomebyplane.A.thatB.whichC.what

D.when11.Energyis___makesthingswork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that12.Ourcityhaschangedalot,andnowitisquitedifferentfrom___afewyearsago.A.whatitusedtobeB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitusedtobeD.whatwasit现在是52页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六Correctornot?*Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.…………….beheldhasn’tbeenknownyet.×Payattention:主语从句对应的主句的谓语用单数形式

现在是53页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六

×Correctornot?Payattention:在此宾语从句中，it

充当形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句Ithinkitworthwhilethat………………..*Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.现在是54页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六*Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.×Payattention:名词性从句的语序用陈述语序

Correctornot?………whenhewillgotothelibrary.现在是55页\一共有63页\编辑于星期六*

Ifwewillhaveameeting