2022-2023年湖南省长沙市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）

2022-2023年湖南省长沙市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Somepsychologistsinsistthatdreamscontainimageswithuniversalmeanings.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

MoreandmorepeoplearefoundofNGVsbecausetheyhelpreducedeathsincaraccidentstoagreatdegree.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

ThecompanycanapplytotheFDAforpermissiontobeginhumanstudieswhentheresultsofanimalstudiesindicatethatthenewdrugisliketobe______.

4.

Accordingtothecommercedepartment'sstatistics,onlinesalesfigurescanreachtheequivalentoftheonesofflineinthenearfuture.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.Olympicgamesinancienttimesbroughttemporarypeacetoopponentsandthosewhobrokethepeacewouldbefinedas______.

6.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeexperts?

A.Theyareauthoritiesonlyintheirownfields.

B.Theyaren'teasilyfooledbythetrickytests.

C.Themistakesthey'vemadeareinevitable.

D.Theysometimesfailtodowellasclaimed.

7.

Inthepassage,theauthortakesMichaelEisnerandStevenSpielbergasexamplestoshowthatthesepeoplehaveachievedsuccesswithout_______.

8.

ThejournalSpinoffisintendedtointroduce______.

A.NASA'sproductsforcommercialuse

B.medicaladvancementsinAmerica

C.thedevelopmentofspacetechnology

D.thehistoryandtheroleofNASA

9.

______isquitedifferentfromtheArcticmarinefauna.

10.

Thedevelopednationswillmakemoreeffortstoincreasetheirpopulationgrowth.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

PeoplewhovoluntarilyworkedasservantsforseveralyearsinexchangeforpassagetoAmericawerecalledindenturedservants.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Newtonwasabletofindtheexactrelationshipbetween______andgravity.

13.

CPAPisausefulmachineforpeoplewithsnoringproblemsbecauseitcanhelpto______.

14.Thoughpeoplecan'texpecttoliveinaworldfreeofstressanddistress,theycanstill______orreduceitsinfluence.

15.HowtoLovetheWorldAsItIs?

Itstruckmerecentlythatalotofpeoplethinktheyknowwhat'swrongwiththisworld,anditalsostruckmethatthey'reallwrong.

Seriously-almosteverypoliticalandreligiousgroup,everyopinionatedperson,everypublicationwithanopinion,hassaidatonetimeoranotherwhattheythinkiswrongwiththisworld.

Sowhat'sreallywrongwiththeworld,inmyopinion?

Notathing.

ThePrevailingWorld-view

Itseemstobeaprevailingworld-viewthattheworldismessedup,thattherearejustafewthingswrongwithit,andifwecouldonlygetthosethingstochange,theworldwouldbegreat.Ifwecouldjusteducatepeopleandgetthemtorealizewhat'swrongwiththisworld,thingscouldchange.

Thistypeofviewoftheworld-andlikeIsaid,Ithinkit'stheprevailingview-stemsfromanidealthatmanypeoplehaveintheirheadsofwhattheworldshouldbelike.Theymightnotrealizetheyhavethatideal,butit'sthere.AndtheworldwillneverreachthisPlatonicideal,becauseit'sjustthisimageofperfectionthatdoesnotmatchreality.Realityandthisidealareincompatible.

SoWhat'sWrongwithThat?

Nothing'swrongwiththat,actually.That'showmostpeopleare,andIdon'tthinkIcanchangethat,norwouldIwantto.Ithoughtitwouldbeaninterestingdiscussion,though,becauseIthinkthisdiscrepancybetweenwhatpeoplethinktheworldshouldbeandwhattheworldreallyiscancauseunhappiness.

Ifyouwanttheworldtobecompletelyvegetarianandkindtoanimals,anditisn'tandwon'tbeintheforeseeablefuture,youwillmostlikelybeunhappy.Ifyouwanttheworldtogobacktohowitwasduringyourchildhood,orduringyourparents'generation,anditisn'tlikelytodoso,you'renotgoingtobehappy.

Thesameistrueofanyofourideals.It'sverypossiblethattherealityofthepeopleinyourlifedon'tmeettheseideals.Thatmightcauseyoutobeunhappywiththem.

Whenrealitydoesn'tmeetideals-anditrarelydoes-webecomeunhappy.

SoWhat'stheAlternative?

I'mnotproposingthatyou,oranyoneelse,changeyourworld-view.Ifyou,oranyoneelse,arehappywiththatworld-view,don'tchangeit.

Butthereisanalternative,andI'mnotsayingit'sbetter.It'stheworld-viewItrytohave:insteadofhavinganideal,stoplookingforperfection.Accepttheworldasitis,andloveitforwhatitis.Acceptpeopleastheyare,andlovethem.

Whatwouldbetheresultofthisalternativeworld-view?Well,Ithinkyou'dbehappier,ifonlybecauseyoudidn'tseetheworldasafundamentallyflawedorevilplace,andbegantoseethegoodintheworld.This,however,isopentoindividualinterpretation,andyourownexperienceislikelytobedifferentthanmine.

Doesthismeanthatweshouldgiveupontryingtomakepositivechangesintheworld?Shouldwestoptryingtomaketheworldabetterplace?No!Don'teverstoptryingtodogoodthings!Eveniftheworldisalreadyagoodplace,wecanalwaysfindhappinessandsatisfactionintryingtodogood,intryingtomakepeople'slivesbetter.

Butwhataboutalltheevilandsufferingintheworld?Shouldweacceptandlovethataswell?That'sthetoughestpart,Ithink.It'shardtoacceptthatpeoplearedyingofdiseasesandfamineandwarandmurderandabuse,andperhapsimpossibletolovethataspectoftheworld.Youdon'thavetoloveit,butithelpstotrytoreallyunderstandit.Whydoesthishappen?Whatarethedeeperreasons?Attheheartofthedeepestreasonsishumanity-weareallflawedcreaturesinsomeway,andthat'swhatmakesushumanandbeautiful.

&nb

A.Theworldisinamess.

B.Humansdon'tknowwhat'swrongwiththeworld.

C.Theworldispromising.

D.Humanscan'tgetadjustedtothechangingworld.

16.

Mistakesinglobalmarketingcanbeembarrassinglyhumorous,butwillinevitablyweakenacompany'spositioninthemarket.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Theauthorsuggestedthatpeopleshouldeatmorefruits,vegetables,andplant-basedfoods,eatlesshigh-fat,high-caloriefoodswithinsufficientnutritionalvalue,stopsmoking,exerciseoftenandcontroltheirweightinordertoreducecancer.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.AccordingtoDr.PeterDiot,______couldbepowerfulenoughtopreventHIVtransmission.

19.

FedExExpressrelocateditsheadquartersinMemphisforthedeliveryofsmallpackages.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Rereadingofaslowreaderreflectsbothhis______andhislackofconfidenceinhiscomprehensionskills.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：M:You'regoingtomakeatriptoSanFrancisco,aren'tyou?

W:Yes.ButIhaven'tgottheplaneticketyet.I'mthinkingofpostponingthetriptonextmonthsincethisisthebusiestmonthfortheairlines.

Q:Whatdoweknowaboutthewomanfromthisconversation?

(14)

A.Shehastochangethetimeforthetrip.

B.Shehasn'tdecidedwheretogonextmonth.

C.Shecan'taffordthetimeforthetrip.

D.Shewillmanagetoleavethismonth.

22.听力原文：W:Hey!Yougotanewtelevision.

M:Yeah!Itwasdeliveredyesterday.Whatdoyouthinkofit?

W:It'shuge.Itpracticallytakesuptheentiresideoftheroom.

M:Iknow.Youdon'tthinkit'swell,doyou?

W:Ididn'tsaythat.Imean,ifyouenjoyit,whynot?WhathappenedtoyouroldTV,anyhow?

M:ItjuststoppedworkinglastFriday.Itwasprettyoldanddidn'tworkwell.IthoughtIcanaffordit.Whynotgetanewone?

W:Itmusthavebeenexpensive?

M:Well,notasmuchasyoumightthink.Igotitonsalefor50%off.

W:Really?Where?

M:AtthestereocityonRoute20.YouknowatfirstIjustwantedtoreplacewhatIhad.ATVofaboutthesamesizeandquality.Butthesalesmantherewaspushingthesebecauseofthe50%off.

W:Yeah.But50%offwhat?

M:2,400dollars.

W:Youspent$1,200onaTV?

M:It'sgotalotofspecialfeatures.Lookatthisremotecontrol.

W:I'msure.Butthat'sstillalotofmoneyforatelevision.Idon'tthinkyouwatchTVthatmuch.

M:WelI,Idon't.DeyouthinkIoughttoreturnit?IfIdoitwithinaweekofpurchase,Icangetmymoneyback.

W:Honestly,yes.IthinkyououghttoreaduponTV'sfirstandchoosethemodelyouwantbeforeyougotothestore.Thatwayyouwillgetwhatyouwant.

M:Ithinkyouareright.

(20)

A.Apopulartelevisionprogram.

B.Abreakthroughintechnology.

C.Arecentpurchase.

D.Anewelectronicsstore.

23.(25)

A.Coffeemayhelppreventheartdisease.

B.Coffeedoesnotnecessarilycauseheartdisease.

C.CoffeehaslesscaffeinethanCoca-cola.

D.Thetasteofregularanddecaffeinatedcoffeeisthesame.

24.

【B2】

25.(26)

A.Youcangrowvegetablesvertically.

B.Youcanraiseplantsinaconfinedarea.

C.Youcanplantawidevarietyofplainstogether.

D.Youcanenjoythebeautifulscenery.

26.(32)

A.Thewhite-collarworkers.

B.Theblue-collarworkers.

C.Boththeeconomistsandstockholders.

D.Thepersonswithbusinessinterestsandinvestments.

27.

【B4】

28.听力原文：W:Gee,thisafternoonProfessorSmith'slecturewilllastthreehours.Goingtohislecturesislikegoingtothedentist.Whatapain!

M:Why?Youcanhardlyfindabetterlecturerinthisdepartment!Don'tyoufindhislecturesbothinformativeandinstructive?

Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?

(18)

A.Heagreeswiththewoman.

B.Heisagoodlecturerhimself.

C.HeisfondofProfessorSmith.

D.Hepartlyagreeswiththewoman.

29.(14)

A.Themancangetbackhismoney.

B.Themancangetacreditcard.

C.Themancangetanotherpurchase.

D.Themancanreceiveanothergift.

30.(31)

A.Theyreduceaperson'sappetite.

B.Theymakeapersonlesspersistentinfaceoftrouble.

C.Theymakeaperson'snervoussystemweak.

D.Theymakeapersonmorevulnerabletodisease.

31.听力原文：Manylargecitiesareanythingbutbeautiful.Streetsarelitteredwithtrash.Inthistrash,however,thereisstillsomethingthatcanbeuseful.

Ifpeoplewanttosolvetheproblemofwaste,thereisnotimetobelost.Theymustworkoutwaysofmakinguseofgoodthingswhicharejustthrownawayaswaste.

Whenacargetstooold,itmaynotrunanymore.Butthemetalthatthecarwasmadeofisstillgood.Itcanbeputtouseagain.Whenabottleisempty,itgoesoutinthetrash.Butbottleglasscanbegroundintosandandusedtopavestreets.

Garbagefromfoodcanbechangedintofertilizer.Butfirstyouhavetofishoutalltheglassandmetal.

Garbagecanalsobeagoodsourceformakingbuildingblocks,whicharethencoveredwithconcrete.Now,moreandmoremachinesaredesignedforthispurpose.Someday,peoplewillwatchfilmsinamagnificentcinemawhichhasbeenbuiltoutofgarbage.Futurebuildings,roads,andcitiesmaybemadefromgarbage.Butsofar,buildingbeautifulcitiesoutofgarbageisonlyadream.

(33)

A.GarbageCanBeChangedintoFertilizer.

B.OvercomingtheProblemofWaste.

C.MakingBuildingswithGarbage.

D.LargeCitiesAreAnythingbutBeautiful.

32.(21)

A.Interviews.

B.Televisionads.

C.Playingwithchildren.

D.Speeches.

33.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:EveryonewillhideinthenextroomandwhenJohncomesinjumpout.

W:Perhapsweshouldturnonafewlightssohewon'tbetoosuspicious.

Q:Whatarethepeopleintheconversationmostlikelyplanning?

(12)

A.Asurpriseparty.

B.Apicnic.

C.Ameeting.

D.Anappointment.

34.(13)

A.Tohishome.

B.Toherhome.

C.Togotothepicnic.

D.Togoshopping.

35.(47)

36.听力原文：Thesoundofbirdscanbedividedinto3typesincludingsinging,cryingandvoiceimitating.Singingisnormallyacontinuousmulti-syllablemelodyutteredbythebirdsunderthecontrolofsexhormone.Somesortsofsingingarequitemelodiousandpleasant.Duringthebreedingcycle,thechangingandpleasantcriesutteredbymalebirdsaretypicalsingings.Singingisanimportantwayforabirdtodefenditsterritories,topronounceithasoccupiedaplaceandtowarnotherbirdsnottoenterthearea.Thesongsutteredbybirdsinsingingaremoredifferentandcomplicatedthantheircommoncries,whichmainlyhappeninthebreedingcycleinspringandsummer.Criesarenotcontrolledbysexhormoneandcanbeutteredbybothmaleandfemalebirds.Usuallycriesofbirdsareshortandsimple.Butthecriesofbirdscanmeanalot.Theyareusedtocommunicatewithoneanotherandtoinform.oneanotheraboutdangerousinformation.Thecriesofbirdscanexpresscalling,warning,surprisingandthreatening.Sometimesitisverydifficulttodistinguishcryingandsinging.Generallyspeaking,criesarenotaffectedbythechangeofseasonsandcanbeutteredbyallbirds;Cryingisanimportantwayforbirdstocommunicatewithoneanother.Voiceimitatingmeansabirdisimitatingthecryingorvoiceofotherbirds.Thebiologicalmeaningofvoiceimitatingisnotclearevennowanditishighlyprobablethatitwilltakealongtimeforpeopletodiscoverthemystery.

(33)

A.Singling,echoingandcrying.

B.Singing,echoingandvoiceimitating.

C.Echoing,cryingandvoiceimitating.

D.Singing,cryingandvoiceimitating.

37.

【B7】

38.

【B8】

39.(40)

40.

【B6】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Thispassagewaslikelywritten______.

A.inthe18thcenturyAmerica

B.inthe19thcenturyAmerica

C.inthe20thcenturyAmerica

D.between1950and1979

42.

【C6】

43.

Thepassagemainlytalksabout______.

A.Braindiseaseanditstreatment

B.scientificinsightintobraindiseaseandwrongideasaboutmedicine

C.howtomakepeoplebesmarter

D.thescientificbreakthroughinbraindamagetreatment

44.

Asaharmlessrevenge,youmightcomefirstandgetaraiseby______.

A.pleasingyourboss

B.gettingupearlierthanyourcolleagues

C.destroyingyourcolleagues'cars

D.makingyourcolleaguescomelate

45.

ThesituationofBRICsisthat______.

A.theircarmarketsstillhavehugedemand

B.peopleowelowerdebtandnoonebuycarsoncredit

C.theircarmarketssufferlittlefortheimmunityfromfinancialcrisis

D.noslowdownshouldeveroccurtotheireconomy

46.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Baseball,footballandbasketballarepopularsportsinAmerica.

B.Pizza,hotpastrami,andchowmeinarepopulardietinAmerica.

C.ThereisnovariationinusingtheAmericancalendar.

D.ThereisnovariationinusingtheAmericanlanguage.

47.Howdomanypresidentsfeelinthefaceofthecurrentsituation?

A.Theyfeelquitenostalgic.

B.Theyfeelfrightened.

C.Theyarefullofrevenge.

D.Theyaremuchdisturbed.

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshavealonghistoryandarecloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescriber,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdragtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople'snutritionalstandardshaverisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendshavetwoadverseeffects.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce---bysuggestion--averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds,Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson'shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

Thefirstparagraphisintendedto______.

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.definewhatdiagnosismeansexactly

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

49.

ThelawofDecember,1988prohibitsemployersfromexamingpeoplewhoapplyforjobsexcept______.

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Eachculturehasitsownform.ofacceptablegreetingbehavior,usuallybasedonthelevelofformalityfoundwithinthesociety.Therulesofsocialdistanceetiquette(礼节)varybyculture.Africans,forex-ample,arefarless(47)______intheirgreetingsthanEuropeans.Expectawarmphysicalgreeting,anex-tendedhandshakeorahandontheshoulderinmostAfricancultures.Alsoexpecttobeaskedhowyourtripwasandhowyourfamilyisdoing.Thetraditionoflonggreetingsstems(48)______thetimewhenAfricansoncewalkedmilestovisitneighboringvillagesonsocialcalls.Thearrivalandagushing(说话滔滔不绝的)greetingwasconsideredthe(49)______avillagercoulddoforatraveler.Don'tbeimpatientwithsuchalongdrawn-out(冗长乏味的)(50)______anddon'tburrythingsalong.Rather,getintothespiritandappreciatethatthepersonyoucametoseeispreparedtotakethetimetosincerely(51)______aboutyourwelfare.

InArgentina,greetingsareusuallyeffusive(过分热情的)withplentyofhuggingand(52)______,notunliketheFrenchfairelabise(kissonbothcheeks).Thisiseventhecaseinbusinessmeetings,unlesstheyareofahighlyformalnature.InArgentina,menkisswomen,womenkisswomen,(53)______mendonotkissmen.BycontrasttheChinesewayofgreetingshuns(回避)thephysical.Itis(54)______anodoraslightbow.However,whendealingwithindividualsfromcultureswheremoredirectphysicalcontactisthenorm,e.g.,ahandshake,theChinesewill(55)______andshakehands.Don'tinterpretasofthand-shakeorlackofeyecontactasasignofweaknessorlackofaggression.ItsimplymeansthatyourChinesecolleagueis,notoverly(56)______tophysicalcontactwhengreetingastranger.

WordBank:

A.fromI.investigate

B.structuredJ.touching

C.butK.used

D.generallyL.least

E.expeditionM.exchange

F.inquireN.chance

G.adaptO.involved

H.kissing

51.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadcastingourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumanfirst【C1】______,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis【C2】______tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind'sfutureattainmentsandculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis【C3】______forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They【C4】______thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswithinnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganisms.Proponentsofthisinnateness(先天)theorysaythatour【C5】______forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgraduallyasafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecriticalbiologicaltimesforlanguagedevelopment.

Current【C6】______ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.Indeed,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtinthelowergrades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing【C7】______tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncetherulesoftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.

Althoughsomeaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdeveloptomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen【C8】______fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat【C9】______withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage【C10】______thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoriesviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.Inotherwords,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.

A.appropriateB.evolvedC.isolatedD.involved

E.acquisitionF.claimG.reviewsH.generate

I.interactionJ.contrastK.exposedL.valuable

M.informN.responsibleO.potential

【C1】

52.Notlongafterthetelephonewasinvented.Iassume,acallwasplaced.Thecallerwasaparentsaying，“Yourchildisbullyingmychild,andIwantitstopped!”Thebully'sparentreplied，“Youmusthavethewrongnumber.Mychildisa1ittleangel.”

Atrillionphonecallslater.Theconversationisthesame.Whenchildrenareteasedortyrannized(欺压)，theparentalimpulseistograbthephoneandrant.Butthesedays，asstudiesintheUSshowbullyingontheriseandparentalsupervisiononthedecline，researcherswhostudybullyingsaythatcallingmornsanddadsismorefutilethanever.Suchcallsoftenleadtoplaygroundrecriminations(指责)anddon'treallyteachourkidsanylessonsabouthowtonavigatetheworldandresolveconflicts.

“Whenyoucallparents,youwantthemto‘extractthecruelty’fromtheirbullyingchildren.”saysLauraKavesh，achildpsychologistinEvanston，Illinois.“Butmanyparentsareblownawaybytheideaoftheirchildbeingcruel.Theywon'tbelieveit.”Inarecentpolice-departmentsurveyinOakHarbor.Washington.89percentoflocalhighschoolstudentssaidtheyhadengagedinbullyingbehavior.Yetonly18percentofparentsthoughttheirchildrenwouldactasbullies.

InanewUSPIAsurvey,5percentofparentssupportcontactingotherparentstodealwithbullying.Butmanyeducatorswarnthatthoseconversationscanbemisinterpreted(误解),causingtemperstoflare.Instead,theysay，parentsshouldgetobjectiveoutsiders，likeprincipals，tomediate.

Meanwhile,ifyougetacallfromaparentwhoisangryaboutyourchild'sbullying,listenwithoutgettingdefensive.That'swhatLauraMcHughofCastroValley,California,didwhenacallertoldherthatherthen13-year-oldsonhadspitinanotherboy'sfood.Hersonhadconfessed，butthevictim'smom“wantedtomakesuremysonhadn'tgivenhersonanastydisease，”saysMcHugh，whoapologizedandpromisedtogethersontestedforAIDSandotherdiseases.Sheknewthechanceofcontractinganydiseasethiswaywasremote，butherpromisecalmedthemotherandshowedMcHugh'ssonthathisbadbehavior.wasbeingtakenseriously.McHugh，founderofParentsCoachKids，agroupthatteachesparentingskills，sentthemomthetestresults.Allwerenegative.

Remember：onceyoumakeacall,youmightnotlikewhatyouhear.Ifyouhaveanitchydialingfinger,resisttemptation.Putitinyourpocket.

Theword“bullying”(Line2，Para.1)probablymeans____.

A.frighteningandhurting

B.teasing

C.behaving1ikeatyrant

D.laughingat

53.

Itonbeinferredfromthepassagethatkerosenewaspreferabletowhaleoilbecausewhaleoilwastoo______.

A.expensiveB.thickC.hotD.polluted

54.AllEskimoslivemostoftheirlivesclosetosaltorfreshwater.Theymayfollowgameinlandforseveralhundredmiles,buttheyalwaysreturntotheshoresofriverslakes,orseas.Eskimolandhasabarelook.Largerocks,pebbles,andsandcovermuchofthesurface.Plantscalledlichen(地衣)growrightonrock.Andwherethereisenoughsoil,evengrass,flowers,andsmallbushesmanagetolive.NotreescangrowonEskimoland,sogeographerssometimescallthiscountrytheArcticplains.Someanimals,suchasrabbitsandcaribou(北美驯鹿),eattheplants.Others,likethewhitefoxandgreywolf,eattherabbitsandcaribou.TheEskimoisameat-eater,too,andmayeveneatawolfwhenfoodisscarce.

TheEskimoyearhastwomainparts:along,coldwinterandashort,coolsummer.Sp