备战2023年高考必备-优秀试题大搜索优中选优之阅读理解（10）-优秀传统文化（教师版）

/15/15/备战2023年高考必备——优秀试题大搜索，优中选优之阅读理解（10）优秀传统文化【江苏省常州市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试】TheChinesewrittenlanguageoriginatedveryearly.However,peoplebegantoliketheartofwriting,andpayattentiontothecreator’sthinkingandspiritsincetheperiodbetweentheLateHanDynastyandWeiJinDynasty.TheChinesecalligraphyfonts(字体)graduallyevolvedfromoracle,Chinesebronzeinscriptionsandsilkmanuscriptstothefollowingfivemainschools:SchoolRepresentativeMasterFeatureSealScriptLiSiThereareBigZhuanandSmallZhuan.TheBigZhuanincludesalltheancientChinesecalligraphyfontsbeforeQinDynasty.TheSmallZhuanarethecharacterscommonlyusedbyofficialsafterQinunitedChina.Thesecharactersfeaturebalancedleftandrightpartsandabitcomplicatedstructures.OfficialScriptCaiYongAsimplifiedformofscriptsincesealcharactersweretoocomplicatedforofficialstousewhencopyingdocuments.RegularScriptOuyangXun,YanZhenqing,LiuGongquanAlsonamedZhenshuorZhengshu,Kaishuisregularwithatightstructureandfluentstrokes.CursiveHandZhangXu,HuaiSuCaoshuischaracterizedbysketchy,simplifiedformsofcharacters,oftendistortedorexaggeratedtoachieveaninternalrhythmicappearancewithinthecompositionsofcharacters.RunningHandWangXizhi,YanZhenqing;SuShiXingshuissomethingbetweentheregularscriptandthecursivescriptsintheinitialperiodandnowisbetweentheofficialscriptandcursive(草写体的)hand.Chinesemastershavealwayscomparedthethreestylesofwriting,Kaishu,Xingshu,Caoshutopeoplestanding,walkingandrunningrespectively.______.AifferencebetweenSealScriptandOfficialScriptliesin______.A．thedifficultytowrite B．theirfunctioninuseC．whooftenwrotethem D．howcursivetheyare22．Whichschooliscomparedtopeoplewalkingaccordingtothetext?A．OfficialScript. B．RunningHand.C．CursiveHand. D．RegularScript.23．IfyouwanttopracticebothRegularScriptandRunningHand,whoisabetterchoicetochoosebasedonthisarticle?A．OuyangXun. B．YanZhenqing.C．ZhangXu. D．WangXizhi.【答案】21．A????22．B????23．B【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的五个书法艺术流派。21．细节理解题。根据SealScript中的Thesecharactersfeaturebalancedleftandrightpartsandabitcomplicatedstructures.(这些字的特点是左右平衡，结构有点复杂。)和OfficialScript中“Asimplifiedformofscriptsincesealcharactersweretoocomplicatedforofficialstousewhencopyingdocuments.”（由于篆书过于复杂，官员在抄写文件时无法使用，因此简化了文字形式。）可知，篆书与隶书的区别在于书写的难度。故选A项。22．细节理解题。根据RunningHand中“Chinesemastershavealwayscomparedthethreestylesofwriting,Kaishu,Xingshu,Caoshutopeoplestanding,walkingandrunningrespectively.”（中国的大师们总是把楷书、行书、草书这三种文体分别比作人的站立、行走和奔跑。）可知，行书流派被比作人的行走。故选B项。23．细节理解题。根据RegularScript中“YanZhenqing”以及RunningHand中“YanZhenqing”可知，如果你想同时练习楷书和行书，根据这篇文章，你应该选择颜真卿流派。故选B项。【江苏省常州市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试】Personally,thereisnothingIlovemorethanasking“stupid”questions,especiallytheonesthathavenorightanswers.Irememberonceaskingsomekidswhattimeitwas,athome,inSingapore,andfinallyontheMoon.Afteralonggigglingsilence,finallyashygirlventured(试探地说)tosaythatitwas“everytime”followedbyanenergeticEinsteinwhoshouteditwas“notime”.Bothkidssharedthatweek’sNoblePrize,becausenohumansliveinthatdistantworldandtimeisahumanconstruct.Asamatteroffact,weareallgoodataskingquestionsbynature,butsadlyasweage,wegetaccustomedtotheworldaroundusandtakethingsforgranted.Webecamemoreresults-oriented(注重结果的)andconcentrateoureffortsonsuccess.Ifsomethingisworking,don’tfixitorworryaboutthecause;justrelaxandgowiththeflow.Conventionalwisdommayworkwell,butthatdoesnotmeanitisalwaysright.Throughouthistory,ithasbeenthosewhohavequestionedconventionalwisdomandthosewhohavechallengedourcommon-sensenotionsoftheworldthathavebeentheonestohaveusheredin(开)themajoradvancementsofhumancivilization.In500BC,theancientGreekswonderedwhethertheEarthwasroundbecausesailorsontheseahadnoticedthatthefarthersouththeywent,themoredifferentstarstheysawinthesky.Whywastheskychanging?Nearly2,000yearslater,theItalianastronomerGalileoGalileibecameinterestedinthisquestionandendedupdemonstratingthe“crazy”conceptofheliocentrism(日心说),inwhichtheSunliesatthecenteroftheuniversewhiletheEarthrevolves(旋转)arounditat30kilometerspersecond.ButiftheEarthisspinningaroundsoquickly,whyaren’twebeingthrownoffofthesurfaceoftheplanet?Theanswertothisquestionwouldnotendupbeingrevealedtousforanothercentury.Peoplelikeroutine,butpastperformanceisnoguaranteeoffutureresults.Whilethosewhochallengeconventionalwisdomtendtobesubjectedtoabuse,theprogressofhumankindwouldhaveotherwisebeenimpossiblewithoutthesepersistentpeopleandtheir“stupid”questions.32．Whatisthebesttitleofthisarticle?A．Asking“stupid”questions.B．Isconventionalwisdomuseless?C．SomemajoradvancementsofhumancivilizationD．Whatcausedthemtoaskconventionalquestions?33．Whatcommonlyhappenstouswhenwegrowolderaccordingtotheauthor?A．Welaytoomuchemphasisonprocess.B．Westillrefusetorelaxandgowiththeflow.C．Westarttochallengecommon-sensenotionsoftheworldD．Wegraduallylosetheabilitytoquestionconventionalwisdom.34．Whomighthavesolvedthequestion“whyaren’twebeingthrownoffofthesurfaceoftheplanet?”A．AnancientGreekscientistlivingin500BCB．GalileoGalileilivingbetween1564and1642.C．IsaacNewtonlivingbetween1643and1727.D．AlbertEinsteinlivingbetween1879and1955.35．Howdoestheauthordevelophiswritingonthewhole?A．Bycomparisonandcontrast.B．Byusingsupportingexamples.C．Byusingtimeandspaceorder.D．Bygeneralizationanddefinition【答案】32．A????33．D????34．C????35．B【文章大意】本文是议论文。文章论证了问“愚蠢”的问题的重要性，说明正是那些质疑传统智慧和挑战我们对世界的常识性观念的人，引领了人类文明的重大进步。32．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Personally,thereisnothingIlovemorethanasking‘stupid’questions,especiallytheonesthathavenorightanswers.(就我个人而言，没有什么比问“愚蠢”的问题更让我喜欢的了，尤其是那些没有正确答案的问题。)”和最后一段中“Whilethosewhochallengeconventionalwisdomtendtobesubjectedtoabuse,theprogressofhumankindwouldhaveotherwisebeenimpossiblewithoutthesepersistentpeopleandtheir‘stupid’questions.(虽然那些挑战传统智慧的人往往会受到指责，但如果没有这些坚持不懈的人和他们提出的“愚蠢”问题，人类的进步就不可能实现。)”可知，作者认为“愚蠢”的问题非常重要，并用举例的方法说明了“愚蠢”的问题的意义，由此推知“Asking‘stupid’questions.(问“愚蠢”的问题)”是文章最佳标题。故选A项。33．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Asamatteroffact,weareallgoodataskingquestionsbynature,butsadlyasweage,wegetaccustomedtotheworldaroundusandtakethingsforgranted.(事实上，我们天生都善于提问，但可悲的是，随着年龄的增长，我们已经习惯了周围的世界，认为一切都是理所当然的。)”可推知，根据作者的说法，当我们变老时，我们通常会认为周围一切都是理所当然的，失去了质疑传统智慧的能力。故选D项。34．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In500BC,theancientGreekswonderedwhethertheEarthwasroundbecausesailorsontheseahadnoticedthatthefarthersouththeywent,themoredifferentstarstheysawinthesky.Whywastheskychanging?Nearly2,000yearslater,theItalianastronomerGalileoGalileibecameinterestedinthisquestionandendedupdemonstratingthe‘crazy’conceptofheliocentrism(日心说)，inwhichtheSunliesatthecenteroftheuniversewhiletheEarthrevolves(旋转)arounditat30kilometerspersecond.(公元前500年，古希腊人想知道地球是否是圆的，因为海上的水手们注意到，他们越往南走，他们在天空中看到的不同的星星就越多。为什么天空在变化?近2000年后，意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利莱对这个问题产生了兴趣，并最终证明了日心说的“疯狂”概念，即太阳位于宇宙的中心，而地球以每秒30公里的速度围绕它旋转。)”可知，伽利略在公元1500年左右提出“日心说”，结合“ButiftheEarthisspinningaroundsoquickly,whyaren’twebeingthrownoffofthesurfaceoftheplanet?Theanswertothisquestionwouldnotendupbeingrevealedtousforanothercentury.(但如果地球旋转得这么快，为什么我们没有被甩出地球表面呢?这个问题的答案直到一个世纪后才揭晓。)”可知，对于为什么我们没有被甩出地球表面这个问题，是在伽利略提出“日心说”一个世纪后，即公元1600多年才弄清楚的，由此推知，生于1643年至1727年的艾萨克·牛顿可能是解决这个问题的人。故选C项。35．推理判断题。作者在第二段“Throughouthistory,ithasbeenthosewhohavequestionedconventionalwisdomandthosewhohavechallengedourcommon-sensenotionsoftheworldthathavebeentheonestohaveusheredin(开)themajoradvancementsofhumancivilization.(纵观历史，正是那些质疑传统智慧和挑战我们对世界的常识性观念的人，引领了人类文明的重大进步。)”中提出观点，然后在第三段中通过例举古希腊人和意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利莱来说明正是质疑引领了人类文明的重大进步，由此可知作者是通过列举支撑例证的方式来展开写作的。故选B项。【2023·广东省肇庆市第一中学第一次教学质量检测】Thereareseveralitemsthatmostwomenwouldconsidertobedailyessentialsthattheyneedtohaveintheirpursesatalltimes.Fewwouldconsiderapairofscissorstobeamongtheseitems.ButforShiQinling,thistoolhasbeenwithhereverywhereshegoesforthepastdecade—notasameansofself-protectionbutartisticexpression.“Paper-cuttingisnotaboutcuttingrandompatternsfrompaper.Writerstellstoriesusingwords,Idothesame,butwithapairofscissors,”Shisaid.Shidevelopedaninterestinhandicraft(手工艺)whenshewasachildwhooftenfoundherselfaloneathome.Outofboredom,shewouldplaywithpaper,foldingandcuttingthemintodifferentshapes.Thisinterestlaterdevelopedintoapassion,onethatshedecidedtopursuebymajoringinartsanddesignduringhertimeinuniversity.Aftergraduation,however,shefoundherselfworkingatashipdesigncompanyasshewasunsureaboutwhatshewantedtodowithherfuture.Aboutayearlater,theShanghaiArtsandCraftsResearchInstituteofferedherapositionintheirpaper-cuttingdepartment.Realizingthatshestillhadaloveforthehandicraft,shemadethecareerswitch.In2010,Shistartedlearningpaper-cuttingfromXiXiaoqin,anexpertofpaper-cutting.Threeyearslater,oneofherworks,TheFightingFish,wonthethirdplaceinanationalcompetition.Sixyearslater,ShiwasnamedaShanghaipaper-cuttinginheritor(继承人)andbecamethecity’s“youngestinheritor”ofthepaper-cuttingheritage.Overthepastdecade,Shi’sworkshavebeenexhibitedin23exhibitions.AlthoughShiisalreadysoskilledthatshecancreateananimalpatternin10minutes,shecontinuestopracticeherskillseveryday.Thereasonisthatsheviewspaper-cuttingasnotjustanartform,butalsoaformoflearningabouttraditionalChineseculture.Shethinksshehastheresponsibilitytoinheritthisculturaltreasure,andwillmakemoreeffortstoattractpeoplefromdifferentagegroupsanddifferentfieldstotrypaper-cutting.4．Whatdoespaper-cuttingmeantoShiQinling?A．Adeeppassionforthehandicrafts.B．Atoolthatrelievesherofboredom.C．Cuttingrandompatternsfrompaper.D．AnartformoflearningChineseculture.5．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．HowShiQinlinggotridoftheboredom.B．WhatShiQinlinghaddoneinuniversity.C．HowShiQinlingstartedpaper-cuttingcareer.D．WhyShiQinlingresignedfromherpreviousjob.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesShiQinlingA．Creativeandambitious. B．Selflessanddetermined.C．Talentedandhardworking. D．Determinedandresponsible.7．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Paper-cuttingInheritorShapesaSharpCareerB．Paper-cuttingMakesanOrdinaryArtistBetterC．AMeansofLearningAboutChineseCultureD．AnExcellentArtistSharesHerOwnCareerStory【答案】4．D????5．C????6．D????7．A【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了剪纸艺术继承人石勤玲学习剪纸及把剪纸艺术发扬光大的过程，赞扬了她传承保护传统艺术的决心。4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Thereasonisthatsheviewspaper-cuttingasnotjustanartform,butalsoaformoflearningabouttraditionalChineseculture.(原因是她认为剪纸不仅是一种艺术形式，也是学习中国传统文化的一种方式)”可知，剪纸对于石勤玲来说，不仅是一种艺术形式，同时是学习中国传统文化的一种形式，结合起来就是剪纸是学习中国文化的一种艺术形式，故选D项。5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Shidevelopedaninterestinhandicraft??whenshewasachildwhooftenfoundherselfaloneathome.Outofboredom,shewouldplaywithpaper,foldingandcuttingthemintodifferentshapes.Thisinterestlaterdevelopedintoapassion,onethatshedecidedtopursuebymajoringinartsanddesignduringhertimeinuniversity.Aftergraduation,however,shefoundherselfworkingatashipdesigncompanyasshewasunsureaboutwhatshewantedtodowithherfuture.Aboutayearlater,theShanghaiArtsandCraftsResearchInstituteofferedherapositionintheirpaper-cuttingdepartment.Realizingthatshestillhadaloveforthehandicraft,shemadethecareerswitch.(当她还是个经常独自在家的孩子时，她就对手工艺产生了兴趣。出于无聊，她会玩纸，把它们折成不同的形状。这种兴趣后来发展成了一种激情，她决定在大学期间主修艺术与设计。然而，毕业后，她发现自己在一家船舶设计公司工作，因为她不确定自己的未来想做什么。大约一年后，上海工艺美术研究院给了她一个剪纸系的职位。意识到自己仍然热爱手工艺，她就改变了职业)”讲述了石勤玲从小就开始对剪纸感兴趣，上大学也是就读艺术设计专业，但毕业之后入职船舶设计公司，后因内心对剪纸深深的热爱，毅然辞职加入上海工艺美术研究所，几经波折，终于开启了剪纸创作事业，故选C。6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Realizingthatshestillhadaloveforthehandicraft,shemadethecareerswitch.(意识到自己仍然热爱手工艺，她就改变了职业)”可知，因为心中对剪纸的热爱，石勤玲毅然决定辞职改变职业方向，说明石勤玲是一个意志坚定的人，即determined；其次，根据最后一段的“Shethinksshehastheresponsibilitytoinheritthisculturaltreasure,andwillmakemoreeffortstoattractpeoplefromdifferentagegroupsanddifferentfieldstotrypaper-cutting.(她认为自己有责任继承这一文化瑰宝，并将努力吸引不同年龄段、不同领域的人来尝试剪纸)”可知，石勤玲认为自己有责任保护和传承中国传统文化，表明她是一个有责任心的人，即responsible。故选D项。7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了剪纸传承人石勤玲的故事，包括她是如何爱上剪纸、怎样开始从事剪纸事业、在剪纸方面取得的成绩以及剪纸对她的意义。A选项包含了关键词：paper-cuttinginheritor和career，作为本文标题最为恰当，故选A。【2023届河北省衡水中学高三上学期四调考试】Forthousandsofyears,Chinesewritershavetravelledalloverthecountrytotakedownnotesaboutthegeographicalconditionsofeachcity.Amongthem,well-knownChinesegeographerandwriterLiDaoyuan,intheNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534),composedhisbook,CommentaryontheWaterClassics,afterstudyingtheoriginalliteraryversion,WaterClassics.Helaterexpandedtheriverrecordsto1,252fromtheoriginal137.ThebookisnowbeingstudiedagainbyProfessorLiXiaojieandhisteamfromFudanUniversity.Theyhavebeenusingdrawingsoftwareand3Dmodellingtorecreatethewaterwaysituationsonamapbasedonthebookdescription.Sofar,theyhavecompletedresearchonfourrivers.“Ancientpeopleknewreallywellhowtoapplythepowerofnaturetotechnicalconsiderations,”Lisaid,givingtheexampleofQianjin’e,oneofthemostfamousancientwaterconservationprojectsinLuoyang,Henan.Inordertoleadtheriverintothecityforirrigation(灌溉)inancientLuoyang,theofficialsbuiltacanalbranchbyseparatinganorthwest-southeastriver.However,thecanalwaterwasn'tenoughtosupportthecitizensindryseasons.Tosolvethat,onthenorthernsideofthecanalbranch,theofficialsbuiltareservoir(水库)andachanneltoleadthewatertothecanalbranch,wherethewaterwayswouldconvergeandflowtogethertothecity.InCommentaryontheWaterClassics,atotalof2,800citiesarerecordedwithdetails.Still,theprocessofrecreationtakesmucheffort.Afterdoingalotoftextanalysisandfieldwork,theteamhasgraduallycreatedthemodelwith3Dmodellingsoftwarebasedonrepeateddeductions(推论).ForProfessorLi,thebookisnotonlyarecordofthenaturallandscapeover1,000yearsago,butalsoadetaileddescriptionofhumanityandcultureandatreasurefortoday’sreference.12．WhatcanwelearnaboutthebookCommentaryontheWaterClassics?A．Ithasbeenoutofdate. B．Itexplains3Dmodelling.C．Itkeepsrecordsof137rivers. D．Itisbasedonpreviousstudies.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“converge”inparagraph3mean?A．Join. B．Pass. C．Cross. D．Begin.14．Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutmodelrecreation?A．Itsmajorproblems. B．Itsdetailedanalysis.C．Itscomplexprocess. D．Itssuccessfulapplication.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．3DTechnologyFuelsModernResearchB．AncientClassicsInspireModernResearchC．AnEffectiveApproachtoModelRecreationD．AFamousWriterofChineseAncientClassics【答案】12．D????13．A????14．C????15．B【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据古代着作《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了水道情况。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Amongthem,well-knownChinesegeographerandwriterLiDaoyuan,intheNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534),composedhisbook,CommentaryontheWaterClassics,afterstudyingtheoriginalliteraryversion,WaterClassics.(其中，中国着名地理学家、作家郦道元在北魏（386-534）对《水经》原着进行研究后，撰写了《水经注》一书)”可知，《水经注》是基于对之前《水经》一书的研究。故选D项。13．词义猜测题。根据划线词前“Tosolvethat,onthenorthernsideofthecanalbranch,theofficialsbuiltareservoir(水库)andachanneltoleadthewatertothecanalbranch(为了解决这个问题，官员们在运河支流的北侧建了一个水库和一个渠道，把水引到运河支流)”及划线词后“flowtogethertothecity(一起流向城市)”可知，此处指水在支流汇合然后一起流入城市，converge意为“汇合”。故选A项。14．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Still,theprocessofrecreationtakesmucheffort.Afterdoingalotoftextanalysisandfieldwork,theteamhasgraduallycreatedthemodelwith3Dmodellingsoftwarebasedonrepeateddeductions(推论).(然而，娱乐的过程需要很多努力。经过大量的文本分析和实地调查，团队在反复推演的基础上，用3D建模软件逐步建立模型)”可知，本段主要讲述重建模型的复杂过程。故选C项。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Theyhavebeenusingdrawingsoftwareand3Dmodellingtorecreatethewaterwaysituationsonamapbasedonthebookdescription.(他们一直在使用绘图软件和3D建模，在地图上根据书中的描述重现水道情况)”可知，文章主要讲述复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了水道情况。故B项“古代经典启发现代研究”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。【辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】Societytellsusweshouldsocialisetothefullest,andthatthosewhoaresurroundedbypeoplearethemostsuccessfulandthehappiest.Thesedays,we’realmostalwaysconnected,whetherinpersonorthroughourphonescreensandonlinesocialnetworks.Butthere’ssomethingtobesaidforsolitude(独处),“Beingalonedoesn’tnecessarilymeanbeinglonely”.Infact,spendingtimebyyourselfisanessentialelementofself-care.Aroundtheglobe,differentcultureshavewide-rangingperspectivesonwhatitmeanstospendtimealone.IfyouliveorhavespenttimeintheUnitedStates,you’reprobablyawarethatAmericanstendtorejectsolitude.Formanyyoungerpeople,weekendsarepackedwithsocialactivities,rangingfrombrunchwithfriendstodinnerpartiestogamenightstodrinkingatbarsandeverythinginbetween.TheUnitedStatesisn’ttheonlyplacewhereyou’llfindaheavyemphasisonsocialtime.AcrosstheAtlantic,theUnitedKingdomisknownforbeinganextremelyextroverted(外向型的)country.AsurveyofBritsfoundthatmorethanhalfhadneverdoneandwouldbeunwillingtodoactivitieslikegoingtothemeparksorseeinglivemusicalone.MostBritsspendalmosttwiceasmuchoftheirleisuretimesocialisingwithothersastheydobeingalone.Thehomecanbeaplaceofrest,relaxationandrecharge—thatis,ifyoulivebyyourselforhavethespacetobealoneinyourhome.ThecountryinwhichpeopleareleastlikelytolivealoneisIndia,atabout4percentofthepopulation.Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves.Inmorecollectivistcultureslikethese,manyaspectsoflifearerelatedtocommunity.Thus,spendingtimealoneisn’tasingrained(根深蒂固的)asasocialconventioninplaceslikethese,andthegoodofthegrouptakespriorityovertheneedsofoneperson.12．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Peoplecanbenefitmorefromsolitude.B．Peopletendtosocialisemorenowadays.C．Beingalonegenerallyequalsbeinglonely.D．Beingaloneenablespeopletobecarefree.13．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesyoungAmericans?A．Imaginativeandwild. B．Responsibleandenergetic.C．Optimisticanddutiful. D．Outgoingandsociable.14．WhyaremostChinesepeoplemorelikelytolivetogether?A．Becausetheyshareaspecificculture.B．Becausetheylacksomelocalcustoms.C．Becausetheypossessenoughhomespace.D．Becausetheygiveprioritytotheirownneeds.15．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheEssenceofSelf-care B．EnjoySolitude,EnjoyYourselfC．TheFunctionsofDifferentCultures D．ThePerspectivesonSolitude【答案】12．B????13．D????14．A????15．D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了不同文化对独处的不同看法。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Societytellsusweshouldsocialisetothefullest,andthatthosewhoaresurroundedbypeoplearethemostsuccessfulandthehappiest.Thesedays,we’realmostalwaysconnected,whetherinpersonorthroughourphonescreensandonlinesocialnetworks.(社会告诉我们，我们应该充分地社交，那些被人包围的人是最成功和最快乐的。如今，我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面，还是通过手机屏幕和在线社交网络。)”可知，如今我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面还是通过手机屏幕和社交网络；由此可推知，如今的人们更倾向于社交。故选B项。13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“IfyouliveorhavespenttimeintheUnitedStates,you’reprobablyawarethatAmericanstendtorejectsolitude.Formanyyoungerpeople,weekendsarepackedwithsocialactivities,rangingfrombrunchwithfriendstodinnerpartiestogamenightstodrinkingatbarsandeverythinginbetween.(如果你住在美国或曾在美国生活过一段时间，你可能会意识到美国人倾向于拒绝独处。对许多年轻人来说，周末充满了社交活动，从和朋友吃早午餐到晚宴，从游戏之夜到酒吧喝酒，以及介于这两者之间的一切。)”可知，美国的年轻人周末充满了社交活动。由此可推知，美国的年轻人都比较好社交。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves.Inmorecollectivistcultureslikethese,manyaspectsoflifearerelatedtoaroundcommunity.(中国也很喜欢多口之家，只有大约10%的人独自生活。在这些更集体主义的文化中，生活的许多方面都与周围的社区有关。)”可知，大多数中国人更喜欢住在一起的原因是中国这种集体主义文化。故选A项。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段首句“Aroundtheglobe,differentcultureshavewide-rangingperspectivesonwhatitmeanstospendtimealone.(在世界各地，不同的文化对独处的意义有着不同的看法。)”可知不同的文化对独处有着不同的看法；文章第二、三、四段分别谈到了美国、英国、印度和中国等国家的人对独处的看法。由此可知，本文主要谈到了不同国家对独处的看法。D项“ThePerspectivesonSolitude(对独处的看法)”最能概括本文内容。故选D项。【2023·山西省大同市第二次学情调研】Bydrawingpatternsonthesurfaceofacupoftea,chabaixi,anancientChineseteatrickdisplayedinarecentTVdrama,hasgoneviralforitsapparentsimilaritywithmodernlatteart(咖啡拉花艺术).However,tenyearsago,thisdistinctivetechniquewasclosetodisappearingcompletely.ZhangZhifeng,apractitionerofchabaixi,foundscenesofchabaixiinthedramaarousedgreatinterestamongordinarypeople.Chabaixicancreateendlesspatternssuchasbamboosandmountainsorevencalligraphy.Thereareoveradozensteps,fromgrinding(碾碎)teaforfinepowdertopouringboiledwater,stirringthemixtureforthickfroth,andfinallydrawingthepatterns.Itisdifferentfrommakinglattebecausepeopleuseclearwaterastheobjecttoputintothecupinsteadofmilk.Butwhenthewatertouchesthesurfaceofwhipped(搅打起泡沫的)tea,itturnsintoawhitecoloranddisappearsin20minutes.Theprocessbeforethedrawingisknownasthetea-makingtechnique,diancha,thequalityofwhichiscrucialtowhetherpatternscanbesuccessfullyproducedlater.“Chabaixiisoneofthecountlessformsoftea-makingtechniquesinChina.Theimportanceofchabaixiisthatnotonlythistechniqueisuniqueintheworld,butalsoitgivesusawindowintopeople’slifestyleintheSongDynasty,aperiodoftimewhenleisureactivitiesinsomewaysresemblewhatwehavenow,”Zhangsaid.BeforechabaixiwasdiscoveredbyTVaudiences,thetechniquewaslistedaspartofChina’sIntangibleCulturalHeritagein2017,afteritwasrecoveredbyZhangZhifeng,whospentnearly30yearsstudyingandresearchingtheoriginsandmakingoftea,butforhimitwasallworth-while.“ThistechniqueiskeytotheteacultureoftheSongDynasty,anditwouldbeashametoletitfade.Thistechniquemustbepassedontothenextgenerationssotheycanunderstanditshistory,”Zhangsaid.12．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“goneviral”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Receivedgoodprotection. B．Becomepopularquickly.C．Starteddeclininggradually. D．Maintainedhighlycompetitive.13．Whatdoweknowaboutchabaixi?A．Itispaintedwithwhippedmilk. B．Itdevelopsbasedonlatteart.C．Itmainlydescribesbeautifulscenery. D．Itinvolvescomplicatedtea-makingskills.14．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theoriginofchabaixi. B．Theuniquenessofchabaixi.C．Thesignificanceofchabaixi. D．Thedevelopmentofchabaixi.15．WhatcanweinferaboutZhangZhifeng?A．HeteachespeopletheteacultureoftheSongDynasty.B．Heisleadingyounggenerationstoinnovatechabaixi.C．Heencouragespeopletopassonthetechniqueofchabaixi.D．Heiscommittedtodevelopingchabaixithroughmedia.【答案】12．B????13．D????14．C????15．C【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了茶百戏的步骤和传承。12．词句猜测题。根据该画线词所在句以及后文“However,tenyearsago,thisdistinctivetechniquewasclosetodisappearingcompletely.(然而，十年前，这种独特的技术几乎完全消失)”可知，该句与后文形成转折，指的是十年前这种独特的技艺几近完全消失，然而随着最近一部电视剧的播出，这一技艺又“走红，流行起来”。故选B项。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thereareoveradozensteps,fromgrinding(碾碎)teaforfinepowdertopouringboiledwater,stirringthemixtureforthickfroth,andfinallydrawingthepatterns.(从把茶叶磨成细粉到倒开水，再搅拌成浓泡沫，最后画出图案，总共有十几个步骤)”可知，茶百戏的过程包括很复杂的制茶技术。故选D项。14．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Theimportanceofchabaixiisthatnotonlythistechniqueisuniqueintheworld,butalsoitgivesusawindowintopeople’Dynasty...eintheSongDynasty...(茶百戏的重要性不仅在于它的技艺在世界上是独一无二的，还在于它为我们了解宋代人们的生活方式提供了一扇窗)”可知，本段主要讨论的是茶百戏的重要性。故选C项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ThistechniqueiskeytotheteacultureoftheSongDynasty,anditwouldbeashametoletitfade.Thistechniquemustbepassedontothenextgenerationssotheycanunderstanditshistory(这是宋代茶文化的关键，如果让它消失就太可惜了。这项技术必须传给下一代，这样他们才能了解它的历史)”可知，他希望这项技艺可以传承下去。故选C项。【2023·湘豫名校联考（二）】Recently,myfriendsHazelMarkusandAlanaConnerpublishedabookonculture.Itisn’tabookonexploringculturesortalkingaboutwhyyoushouldalwaysacceptabusinesscardfromaJapanesebusinessmanwithtwohandsandadmireit.Instead,Clashtalksabouteightculturalconflictsandframesthoseconflictsaspathstoself-knowledge.Inotherwords,itdescribestheself,andourindividualcultures,asrelative.Thisself-insightcanhelpyoubetternavigateourincreasinglyglobalworld.Forexample,onedistinctiondiscussedbyMarkusandConneristhedistinctionbetweenAmericansfromdifferentpartsoftheUnitedStates.Peoplefromdifferentstateshavedifferentexpectationsandassumptionsabouthowthingsshouldbedone,andevenwhatthingsshouldbecalled.Often,itisonlywhenapersoncomesupagainstanotherwayofdoingthingsthattheseassumptionsbecomeapparent.IattendedCarletonCollege,aliberalartscollegeinMinnesota.Withinmyfirsttwodaysofbeingthere,IrealizedthatIpossessedanassumptionaboutrain.ComingfromCalifornia,Iexpectedthatitdidn’traininsummerandthatwhenitdidrain,itwouldrainallday.WhenIwokeuponSeptember2,toadownpourthatlasted20minutes,thatassumptionwasrevealedtobefalse.Therewasaparticularlycolorfuldiscussioninmydormaboutthegame“duck,duck,goose”vs“duck,duck,grayduck”.Thepointis,onlybycomingintocontactandcomparingmyassumptionstoothersdidIrealizethatmyassumptionswerejustthat—myviewofhowthingsshouldbeandnotnecessarilythetruth.Whyisitimportanttounderstandyourculturalbackgroundbeyondyourraceandethnicity(种族特点)?Becauseifyouunderstandyourself,youarebetterpreparedtorecognizeandembracealternatives.Forinstance,aresearchbyWilliamMadduxhasshownthatpeoplewhohavesignificantmulticulturalexperiencesaremorecreative.Also,ifyouunderstandwhereyoucomefrom,youmaybemoreunderstandingofconflictsthatarearising,andbeabletoaddressthoseconflictsincooperative