前臂肌肉解剖演示文稿

前臂肌肉解剖演示文稿目前一页\总数二十九页\编于十四点MainMenuBonesoftheforearm.Superficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Deepmusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Arteriesandnervesoftheanteriorcompartment.Superficialmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.Deepmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.Arteriesandnervesoftheposteriorcompartment.Acknowledgements目前二页\总数二十九页\编于十四点目前三页\总数二十九页\编于十四点BonesoftheforearmTheradiusproximallyarticulateswiththehumerusattheelbowjoint.Distallyitarticulateswiththescaphoidandlunatebonesofthecarpus,andwiththeulnaatthedistalradioulnarjoint.Theulnaisthemoremedialofthetwobones.Itsproximalendarticulateswiththehumerusattheelbowjoint.Distallyitarticulateswiththeradius.Itisexcludedfromthewristjointbythearticulardisc.Theinterosseousmembranebindtheradiusandtheulnatogether.HeadInterosseousmembraneRadiusHumerusTuberosityofradiusUlnaHeadFig1.Anteriorviewofbonesoftheforearm.目前四页\总数二十九页\编于十四点目前五页\总数二十九页\编于十四点目前六页\总数二十九页\编于十四点总体记忆前臂共有18块肌肉分为屈肌与伸肌二部分屈肌8块分为浅层与深层浅层有5块深层有3块伸肌10块浅深各5块前臂屈肌屈肌8块伸肌10块浅5深3浅5深5目前七页\总数二十九页\编于十四点前臂8块屈肌浅层5块旋前圆肌桡侧屈腕肌掌长肌指浅屈肌尺侧屈腕肌目前八页\总数二十九页\编于十四点Superficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Titlepage.

1234Thesuperficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartmentincludepronatorteres旋前圆肌,flexorcarpiradialis桡侧腕屈肌,palmarislongus掌长肌,andflexorcarpiulnaris.Alsoincludedinthisgroupisflexordigitorumsuperficialis.Thesuperficialgroupofmusclesallhavethesameorigin,whichisattachedtothemedialepicondyleofthehumerus肱骨内上髁.FORFURTHERDETAILSCLICKONEACHINDIVIDUALMUSCLEBELOW.PronatorteresFlexorcarpiradialisFlexorcarpiulnarisFlexordigitorumsuperficialisPalmarislongus

(notincludedinthediagram).Fig2.Showingsuperficialmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.Brachio-radialisReturntomainmenu目前九页\总数二十九页\编于十四点PronatorTeres[5te7ri:z]Thepronatortereshastwoheads,thehumeralheadandtheulnarhead.Themediannerve正中神经enterstheforearmbetweenthetwoheads.Origin:- Humeralhead-Medialepicondyleofthehumerus.

Ulnarhead-Medialborderofthecoronoidprocess冠突,冠状突oftheulna.Insertion附着:-

Lateralaspectoftheshaftoftheradius.Nervesupply:-Mediannerve,C6andC7.Action:-Pronationoftheforearm.Flexionoftheforearm.PronatorteresRadiusFig3.Pronatorteres.Returntotitlepage目前十页\总数二十九页\编于十四点*Flexorcarpiradialis,palmarislongus,andflexor

carpiulnarisFlexorcarpiradialis Origin:-Medialepicondyleofthehumerus.

Insertion:-Baseofthesecondandthirdmetacarpalbones.

Nervesupply:-Mediannerve,C6andC7.

Action:-Flexesthehandatthe

wristjoint.Abductsthehandatthewristjoint.Palmarislongus Origin:-Medialepicondyleofthehumerus.

Insertion:-Flexorretinaculumandpalmaraponeurosis.

Nervesupply:-Mediannerve,C7andC8

Action:-Flexesthehandatwristjoint.Flexorcarpiulnaris.

Origin:-

Humeralhead-Medialepicondyleofthehumerus.

Ulnarhead-Medialaspectoftheolecranon鹰嘴(processoftheulnaandtheposteriorborderoftheulna.

Insertion:-Pisiform

bone豌豆状的,hookofthehamate,andbaseofthefifthmetacarpalbone.

Nervesupply:-Theulnarnerve,C7,C8,andT1.

Action:-Flexesthehandatwristjoint. Adductsthehandatwristjoint PronatorteresFlexorcarpiradialisPalmarislongusFlexorcarpiulnarisFig4.FlexorcarpiradialisandulnarisandpalmarislongusReturntotitlepage目前十一页\总数二十九页\编于十四点Flexordigitorumsuperficialis.Origin:-Humeroulnarhead:Medialepicondyleofthehumerusandthemedialmarginofthecoronoidprocessoftheulna.Radialhead:Risingfromtheobliquelineontheanteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheradius.Insertion:-Themusclebellygivesrisetofourtendonsdistally.Eachofthetendonattachestothesidesofthemiddlephalanx指骨,趾骨

ofthefourmedialfinger.Nervesupply:-Mediannerve,C8andT1.Action:-Flexesthemiddlephalanxoffingers. Flexestheproximalphalanxoffingers(weak). Flexesthewrist.Flexordigitorumsuperficialis.Fig5.Flexordigitorumsuperficialis.Returntotitlepage目前十二页\总数二十九页\编于十四点前臂8块屈肌深层3块指深屈肌拇长屈肌旋前方肌目前十三页\总数二十九页\编于十四点DeepMusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Titlepage

Thedeepmusclesoftheforearmcompriseoftheflexorpollicislongus,flexordigitorumprofundusandpronatorquadratus.Forfurtherdetailsclickoneachoftheindividualmuscles.1.Flexordigitorumprofundus.2.Flexorpollicislongus.Pronatorquadratus

notshown.112Brachio-radialis(cut)Tendonofcarpiflexorradialis(cut)Fig6.Deepmusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Returntomainmenu目前十四页\总数二十九页\编于十四点FlexordigitorumprofundusandflexorpollicislongusFlexorpollicislongusOrigin:-Middleoftheanteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheradiusandfromtheadjoiningpartoftheinterosseousmembrane.Insertion:-Thetendonpassesdistallythroughthecarpaltunnelandattachestothedistalphalanxofthethumb.Nervesupply:-Theanteriorinterosseousbranchofthemediannerve.Action:-Flexesthephalangesofthethumb.Flexordigitorumprofundus深的Origin:-Upperthree-quartersoftheanteriomedialshaftoftheulna.Insertion:-Themuscledividesintofourtendonsjustpriortotraversingthecarpaltunnel.Theyattachtothedistalphalanxofthefourfingers.Nervesupply:-Themedialpartissuppliedbytheulnarnerve,thelateralportionissuppliedbytheanteriorinterosseousbranchofthemediannerve,C8andT1.Action:-Flexesthefinger.Exclusiveflexorofthedistalphalanx.Weakflexorofthewrist.

FlexorpollicislongusPronatorquadratusFlexordigitorumprofundusFig7.Flexordigitorumprofundusandflexorpollicislongus.Returntotitlepage目前十五页\总数二十九页\编于十四点PronatorQuadratusOrigin:-Lowerquarteroftheanteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheulna.Insertion:-Lowerquarteroftheanteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheradius.Nervesupply:-Theanteriorinterosseousbranchofthemediannerve.Action:-Pronatestheforearm.PronatorquadratusFlexorcarpiradialis(cut)FlexorpollicislongusFlexordigitorumprofundusFlexorcarpiulnaris(cut)Fig8.Pronatorquadratus.Return

totitlepage目前十六页\总数二十九页\编于十四点ArteriesandNervesoftheanteriorcompartment.TitlepageUlnarartery:-Largerthantheradialartery.Itpassesbetweenthearchformedbytheradialandulnarattachmentoftheflexordigitorumsuperficialisanddescendsthroughtheanteriorcompartment.Itentersthepalmofthehandinfrontoftheflexorretinaculum,andpromptlydividesinsuperficialanddeeppalmerbranches.Branches-

Muscularbranches-tothemusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.

Recurrentbranches-totheanastomosisaroundthewristjointBranchestotheanastomosisaroundthewristjointCommoninterosseousartery-arisesintheupperpartoftheulnararteryandthendividesintheanteriorandposteriorinterosseousarteries.Anteriorinterosseousartery:-arisesfromthecommoninterosseousarteryanddescendsintheanteriorcompartmenttoeventuallyjointheanastomosisaroundthewristjoint.Itsuppliesthedeepflexormuscles,andgivesoffnutrientbranchestothetheradiusandulna.

BrachialarteryMediannerveUlnarnerveRadialnerveUlnararteryFig9.Arteriesandnervesoftheanteriorcompartment.NextReturntonerves目前十七页\总数二十九页\编于十四点ArteriesandNervesoftheanteriorcompartment.Posteriorinterosseousartery-arisesfromthecommoninterosseousarteryandandenterstheposteriorcompartment.Radialartery:-Itbeginsinthecubitalfossa肘窝whenthebrachialarterydividesintotheradialandulnaartery.Itpassesdistally,travelsunderthebrachioradialis,restingonthedeepflexormuscles.Thearterybrieflytravelsonthelateralsideoftheradius,beforetravellingovertheanteriorsurfaceoftheradius.Thearterythenwindsaroundthelateralaspectofthewrist,beforeenteringthepalmofthehandtoformthedeeppalmerarch.Branches-Muscularbranches:totheneighbouringmuscles.Branchestotheanastomosisaroundthewristandelbowjoint.Superficialpalmerjoint:arisesjustabovethewrist,frequentlyjoinstheulnararterytogiverisetothesuperficialpalmerarch.RadialnerveSuperficialradialnerveRadialarteryBrachialarteryMediannerveUlnarnerveUlnararteryMediannerveFig10.Arteriesandnervesoftheanteriorcompartment.NextReturntonerves目前十八页\总数二十九页\编于十四点NervesoftheanteriorcompartmentMedianNerve(fig9,fig10)Themediannerveleavesthecubitalfossainbetweenthetwoheadsofthepronatorteres.Itdescendsbetweenthesuperficialanddeepflexormuscles.Atthewristitliessuperficially,beforeenteringthepalmbehindtheflexorretinaculum.Branches:-Muscularbranch:-allthesuperficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartmentexceptflexorcarpiulnaris.Articularbranches:totheelbowjointAnteriorinterosseousnerve:arisesfromthemediannerveasitemergesfromthetwoheadsofthepronatorteres.(seebelow)PalmercutaneousBranch:Distributedtotheskinoverthelateralpartofthepalm.Anteriorinterosseousnerve

Itarisesfromthemediannerve(seeabove)andthendescendsdowntheanteriorsurfaceoftheinterosseousmembrane.Branches-Muscularbranches:allthemusclesofdeepflexionintheanteriorcompartmentexceptthemedialpartofdigitorumprofundus.Articularbranches:tothewristjoint,thedistalradioulnarjoint,andthejointsofthecarpus.UlnarNerve(fig9,fig10)Theulnarnervepassesbehindthemedialepicondyleandenterstheforearmbetweenthetwoheadsofflexorcarpiulnaris.Itdescendsbetweentheflexorcarpiulnarisandtheflexordigitorumprofundus.Theulnarnervebecomessuperficialatthewrist,beforeenteringthepalminfrontoftheflexorretinaculum.Branches-Muscularbranches:totheflexorcarpiulnarisandtothemedialhalfoftheflexordigitorumprofundus.Articularbranches:totheelbowjoint.Palmarcutaneousbranch:arisesinthemiddleoftheforearm,Suppliesskinoverthethenareminence鱼际.Dorsalcutaneousbranch:arisesinthedistalthirdoftheoftheforearm,andpassesmediallytothedorsumofthehand.

Returntomainmenu目前十九页\总数二十九页\编于十四点前臂10块伸肌浅层5块桡侧腕长伸肌桡侧腕短伸肌指伸肌小指伸肌尺侧腕伸肌目前二十页\总数二十九页\编于十四点Superficialmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.Titlepage

Thesuperficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartmentaremainlyconcernedwiththeextensionatwristjointandofthedigit.ThemusclesinthisgroupcompriseoftheExtensorcarpiradialisbrevis,extensordigitorum,extensordigitiminimi,extensorcarpiulnaris,andthetwomorelaterallyingbrachioradialisandextensorcarpiradialislongus.NB-Theanconeusalsoliesintheposteriorcompartmentbutisfunctionallyverydifferenttotherestofthemusclesinthisgroup.Itsactionaretoaidthetricepsinextensionattheelbowjoint.Clickbelowoneachofthemusclesforfurtherdetailabouteachoftheindividualmuscles.1.

Extensorcarpiradialislongus2.Extensordigitorum3.Extensorcarpiulnaris4.ExtensordigitiminimiBrachioradialisandextensorcarpibrevisarenotincludedinthefigure.24Anconeus231Fig11.Superficialmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.Returntomainmenu目前二十一页\总数二十九页\编于十四点Extensorcarpiradialislongusandbrevis,andextensorcarpiulnarisExtensorcarpiradialislongusOrigin:-Fromthelowerthirdofthelateralsupracondylarridgeofthehumerus.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthesecondmetacarpalbone.Nervesupply:-Radialnerve,C6andC7.Action:-Extendsandabductsthehandatthewristjoint.ExtensorcarpiradialisbrevisOrigin:-Fromthecommontendonattachedtothelateralepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthethirdmetacarpalbone.Nervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8.Action:-Extendsandabductsthehandatthewristjoint.ExtensorcarpiulnarisOrigin:-Fromthecommontendonattachedtothelateralepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthefifthmetacarpalbone.Nervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8Action:-Extendsandadductsthehandatwristjoint.ExtensorcarpiradialislongusExtensorcarpiradialisbrevisExtensorcarpiulnarisFig12.Extensorcarpiradialisbrevisandlongusandextensorcarpiulnaris.Returntotitlepage目前二十二页\总数二十九页\编于十四点ExtensordigitorumandextensordigitiminimiExtensordigitorumOrigin:-Fromthecommontendonattachedtothelateralepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Themuscledividesintofourtendonswhichpasstothefingersandformthedorsalexpansion.Onthedorsumofthehandtheseareinterconnectedbyfibroustissue.Neartheproximalinterphalangealjointofeachfingertheexpansionsdivideintothecentralpart,whichinsertsintobaseofthemiddlephalanx,andthetwolateralparts,whichinsertintothebaseofthedistalphalanx.Nervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8Action:-Mainlyitextendsthemetacarpophalangealjoint,butitalsoassistsinextendingtheproximalanddistalinterphalangealjointandthearm.Extensordigitiminimi

Origin:-Fromthecommontendonattachedtothelateralepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Viatwotendonstothedorsalexpansionforthelittlefinger.Nervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8Action:-Assistsintheextensionofthelittlefinger.ExtensordigitorumExtensordigitiminimiFig13.Extensordigitorumandextensordigitiminimi.Returntotitlepage目前二十三页\总数二十九页\编于十四点BrachioradialisOrigin:-Fromtheuppertwpthirdsofthelateralsupracondylarridgeofthehumerus.Insertion:-Baseofthestyloidprocessoftheradius.Nervesupply:-Radialnerve,C5andC6.Action:-Itflexestheforearm(despitebeingbeingservedbyan‘extensor’nerve),assistsinrotatingorrestoringthearmintomidproneposition,dependingontheinitialposition.

Brachio-radialisExtensorcarpiradialislongusExtensorcarpiradialisbrevisFlexorcarpiradialisFig15.Brachioradialis(anteriorview).Fig14Brachioradialis(lateralview).Returntotitlepage目前二十四页\总数二十九页\编于十四点Deepmusclesintheposteriorcompartment.Titlepage

Thedeepmusclesoftheforearmconsistofthreemusclesthatactonthethumb,theextensorindicisandsupinator.Exceptforthesupinatortheyalloriginatefromonlytheforearmbones.Forfurtherdetailsoneachofthebonesclickontheindividualmuscles.1.Supinator.2.Abductorpollicislongus.3.Extensorpollicislongus.4.Extensorindicis.5.Extensorpollicisbrevis.12435Fig16.Deepmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.Returntomainmenu目前二十五页\总数二十九页\编于十四点Extensorpollicislongusandbrevis,andabductorpollicislongusAbductorpollicislongusOrigin:-Middleoftheposteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheulnaandradius.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthefirstmetacarpalbone.Nervesupply:-Theposteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8.Action:-Abductsandextendsthethumb.ExtensorpollicislongusOrigin:-Fromtheposteriorsurfaceoftheulna.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthedistalphalanxofthethumb.Nervesupply:-Theposteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8.Action:-Extendsthethumb.ExtensorpollicisbrevisOrigin:-Posteriorsurfaceoftheradius.Insertion:-PosteriorsurfaceoftheproximalphalanxofthethumbNervesupply:-Theposteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8.Action:-Extendsthethumb.Anatomicalsnuffbox:medialboundaryisthethetendonoftheextensorpollicislongusandthelateralboundaryisthetendonoftheabductorpollicislongusandextensorpollicisbrevis.Abductorpollicislongus.ExtensorpollicislongusFig17.Abductorpollicislongus,extensorpollicislongusandbrevis.ExtensorpollicisbrevisReturntotitlepage目前二十六页\总数二十九页\编于十四点SupinatorSupinatorThesupinatorconsistsofobliqueandatransversehead.Origin:-Obliquehead:Fromthelateralepicondyleofthehumerusandcollateralligam