2023学年完整公开课版BOOK9-Unit4Exploringplants

KeepingCupFlowersWhileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishouse，fewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible．Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts．Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature．Forexample，studieshaveshownthatcutcarnations(康乃馨)retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12℃thanwhenkeptat26℃．Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare．Flowerscan'tliveverylongbynature．Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsects,suchasbees．Afterthat，theyquicklydryupanddie．Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide,calledrespiration，generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolor．Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy．Whilealllivingthingsrespire，flowershaveahighlevelofrespiration．Aresultofallthisrespirationisheat，andforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh．Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower．Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespiration，thesoonertheflowerdies．How，then，tocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie？Bycontrollingrespiration．Howisrespirationcontrolled？Bycontrollingtemperature．Weknowthatrespirationproducesheat，butthereverseisalsotrue．Thusbymaintaininglowtemperatures，respirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly．Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced．Flowersfinditdifficultto“drink”waterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted．Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellsclean，italmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers．Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstances，householdchlorinebleach(含氯漂白剂)canbeusedinsmallquantities．Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleach(at4%solution)beaddedtoeachlitreofwater．Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday．True(T)orFalse(F)：1．Thekeytoprolongingthelifeofcutflowersfreshistokeepnewlypickedflowersattherighttemperature．()2．Theunderlinedword“respiration”inparagraphthreeprobablymeansbreathing．()3．Flowerrespirationgivesthefloweritsshapeandcolor．()4．Thecleanerthewaterlooksandsmells，thebetter．()答案：1．T2．T3．F4．FSection_Ⅰ_Warming_Up_&_ReadingⅠ．高频单词点击1．pollinatevt．对……授粉→pollinationn．授粉→pollinatorn．虫媒2．exoticadj．异国情调的；外来的；奇异的→exotican．奇异事物，新奇事物3．distantadj．远的，远处的→distancen．距离，间距；远方；远处4．conflictn．斗争；冲突→conflictingadj．相反的5．endeavourn．尽力；竭力6．anchorn．锚vi．抛锚，锚定7．tightadj．紧的，紧密的→tightlyadv．紧紧地；坚固地8．containern．容器→containv．包含，容纳，装盛9．restrictionn．限制，约束→restrictv．限制→restrictedadj．有限的10．fluencyn．流利，流畅→fluentadj．流利的→fluentlyadv．流利地11．shavevt．&vi．剃；刮n．刮脸，刮胡子，修面→shavern．剃须刀12．thunderstormn．雷雨，雷暴13．piraten．海盗v．剽窃，盗用14．appealn．恳求；呼吁vi．(对某人)有吸引力→appealing有吸引力的，有趣的15．botanistn．植物学家→botanyn．植物学→botanicaladj．植物学的Ⅱ．重点短语必记1．adaptto 适应于2．datebackto 追溯到；远在……年代3．onalargescale 大规模地4．takeinterestin 对……感兴趣5．setup 资助；(使)开始从事某种职业6．comeacross 遇到；碰见7．quantitiesof 大量的8．appealto (对……)有吸引力；呼吁9．avastvarietyof 大量的，各种各样的Ⅲ．常用句型必备1．Collecting_“exotic”_plants，as_they_are_called，datesbacktotheearliesttimes．2．However，it_was_not_untiltheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesthattheexplorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargescale．3．CookcalledthebaywheretheEndeavourhadanchoredBotanybay．4．Not_only_did_Fortune_introduceover120speciesofplantstoWesterngardensbut_he_also_shipped20,000teaplants．．．Ⅳ．课文大意理解1．WhichoneofthefollowingisthetopicofParagraph1?A．Whenplantcollectingbegan．B．Whenandwhereplantcollectingbeganonalargescale．C．Wardiancase．D．Problemofkeepingplantsaliveonlongtrips．答案：A2．Whathappenedinthe1740s?A．PlantsfromHeavenseedsweregrownthroughoutEurope．B．AFrenchCatholicmissionarycalledFatherd'IncarvillewassenttoBeijing．C．SomeTreeofHeavenseedsarrivedinEngland．D．ThetreeofHeavenwasintroducedintoNorthAmerica．答案：B3．Transportingplantsoverlongdistanceswasabigproblem．Whywasthis?A．Itwashardtokeepthemaliveduringlongtrips．B．Theweatherisbad．C．Itcoststoomuch．D．Thereisnotenoughwater．答案：A4．HowdidFrenchmissionariescometobeplantcollectors?A．TheybelievedinGod．B．Whentheywereinuniversitiestheystudiednaturalscience．C．Theyvaluedthestudyofthenaturalsciencesandmanyofthemknewalotaboutplantsandanimals．D．Theylearnedfromotherplantcollectors．答案：C5．WhowasabletocollectalargequantityofseedsoftheDoveTreethatFatherFargeshaddiscovered?A．FatherFarges． B．RobertFortune．C．EHWilson． D．DrNathaniel．答案：CⅤ．根据课文改错1．Thefirstplantcollectingexpeditionrecordsinhistorywasaround1500BC．________________________________________________________________________答案：records改为recorded2．However，itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturieswhattheexplorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargescale．________________________________________________________________________答案：what改为that3．Braveyoungmengraspedtheopportunityofgoingonbotanicalexpeditions．________________________________________________________________________答案：grasped改为took4．Atthattime，therewererestrictionstothemovementofEuropeans．________________________________________________________________________答案：to改为on5．FatherFargescollected37seedsfromatreethathasappealedtohim．________________________________________________________________________答案：has改为hadⅥ．课文缩写填空Theplantsinourgardenslook__1__，butinfactmanyofthem__2__manyyearsago．Inthepast，manycivilisationssawthevalueofbringingbackplants．Somanyofthemdidit．__3__，itwasn'tpopularuntilthe18thand19thcenturies．Atthattime，manybraveyoungmentookthe__4__tofindnewplants，suchasFatherd'Incarville，sirJosephBanks．Butkeepingplantalivewasanenormous__5__．Facingtheproblem，DrNathanielWard__6__theWardiancase．Between1843and1859，therewere__7__onthemovementofEuropeansandso，inordertotravelunnoticed，hedevelopedhis__8__inChineseeven__9__hisheadintheChinesestyle，Heexperiencedmanyadventuresandsucceedshippingplantstothewesterncountries．Althoughthemissionariescollectedlargenumbersofspecimens，therewasnotenough__10__forgrowingparticularspeciesinwesterngardens，manyplantcollectorsmanagedtointroducemanynewplantstowesterngardens．答案：1．familiar2．datebackto3．However4．opportunity5．challenge6．invented7．restrictions8．fluency9．shaving10．material[单词点击]1．distantadj．(1)遥远的；远处的；久远的Haveyouheardthedistantsoundofmusic?你听到远处的音乐声了吗？Ourschoolisabout20kilometresdistant．我们学校约有20公里远。(2)疏远的，关系不近的Thosetwoweakboysaredistantrelations．那两个瘦弱的男孩是远房亲戚。(3)冷淡的；不亲近的Insteadofstoppingtospeak，shepassedbywithonlyadistantnod．她没有停下来谈话，只是冷冷地点了一下头就走了过去。distantlyadv． 遥远地distancen． 久远；距离；冷淡；疏远at/fromadistance 离一段距离in/intothedistance 在远方，在远处keepsb．atadistance(＝keepone'sdistancefromsb．/sth．)与某人保持一定距离；对某人疏远Thepicturelooksmorebeautifulfromadistance．这幅图画远看更美丽。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用1])Heisstanding________，talkingtoafriendofhis．A．atadistance B．outthedistanceC．forthedistance D．ofthedistance解析：选A句意：他正隔着一段距离同他的一位朋友谈话。atadistance表示“离一段距离”。2．conflict(1)n．[C，U]战争，战斗，冲突；争论，抵触，论战Thereisaconflictbetweenthetwocultures．这两种文化之间存在着冲突。conflictofinterest 利益冲突awordyconflict 舌战(2)vi．冲突；抵触conflictwith 与……冲突，与……战斗comeintoconflictwith 与……冲突，与……矛盾inconflictwith 与……冲突，与……矛盾Theseresultsconflictwiththeearlierfindings．这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。Mydaughterisinconflictwithmeoverhercareer．我女儿在择业问题上与我有分歧。conflict，fight，war，battle，combat(1)conflict多指对立的思想或意识所导致的冲突、分歧。(2)fight多指短兵相接的肉搏和厮杀。也指打架斗殴。(3)war战争的全体称为“战争”。(4)battle多指敌对双方使用武器而进行的大规模的战斗。(5)combat指个人或部队间的单独斗争、战争等。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用2])Yourstatementisin________withtherestoftheevidence．A．conflict B．contrastC．contrary D．contact解析：选A句意：你的陈述与剩下的证据相冲突。inconflictwith表示“与……冲突，与……矛盾”。3．anchor(1)n．锚Theshipcast/droppedanchorforthenight．船抛锚过夜。(2)vi．&vt．抛锚；紧固；(使)紧紧扣牢Thetigeranchoredfasttoitsprey．这只老虎紧紧地抓住猎物不放。atanchor (船)抛锚，停泊着cast/dropanchor 下锚，抛锚；过安定生活cometo(an)anchor 抛锚，停泊；停下来weigh/raiseanchor 起锚；快点，加油Theshiplayatanchortwomilesoffthecoast．轮船在离海岸两海里处停泊了。eq\a\vs4\al(完成句子)eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用3])(1)We________________(抛锚)afewyardsoff­shore．(2)Thepanelwasfirmly____________(固定)bytwolargebolts．答案：(1)droppedanchor(2)anchored4．restrictionn．限制；约束I'msorrytotellyouthatyouhavebrokenthespeedrestriction．很遗憾您超过了速度限制。Thegovernmenthasagreedtoliftrestrictionsonimport．政府已经同意撤销对进口的限制。impose/placearestrictiononsth．对某事实行限制restrictvt． 限制，约束restrictedadj． 受限制的，受约束的restrictedlyadv． 有限地；受约束地restrictiveadj． 限制(性)的，限定(性)的Thatcountryhasplacedrestrictionsonpressfreedom．该国对新闻自由实行了限制。restrict，limit这两个词都有“限制，限定在某个范围内”的意思，而且都可与介词to连用。(1)restrict所指的“限制，控制”含有使不能发生或发展的意思，常用被动语态。Istheconsumptionofalcoholrestrictedbylawinyourcountry？在你们国家酒的消耗量是否受法律限制？(2)limit侧重于“有限制，不许超过预先定下的标准、界限、数量等”的含义。Yourcompositionmustbelimitedto150words．你的作文不得超过150字。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用4])ThesupplyofelectricpowertoMadridandneighbouringdistrictshastobe________．A．weakened B．omittedC．restricted D．lowered解析：选C句意：必须限制向Madrid和周围地区的电力供应。restrict“限制，约束”，符合句意。weaken减弱，变弱；omit省略；lower降低。[短语精析]1．dateback(to．．．)追溯到；远在……年代ThecollegedatesbacktotheMiddleAges．这所学校可追溯到中世纪。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(datefrom,gobackto...)) 追溯到outofdate 过时todate 迄今，至今uptodate 最新Thecustomdatesfromhundredsofyears．这一习俗流传了几百年。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用5])Inourvillage，thereisatower________severalcenturies．A．datedbackto B．datedfromC．datingfrom D．datingback解析：选C本题考查分词作后置定语。因为tower和date构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词作后置定语。datefrom“追溯到”。2．setup创立，建立；树立(榜样)，资助；(使)开始(从事某种职业)John'sparentssethimupasacarpenter．约翰的父母使他从事木工职业。setupanexampleto 为……树立榜样setoneselfupassb． 自认为……，自称……Theywillsetupanewtrainingcenter．他们要成立一个新的培训中心。Theysetupanoticeonthewall．他们在墙上张贴了一张布告。LiNa,whowontwograndslams,setupanexampletous．李娜赢得了两次大满贯冠军，为我们树立了榜样。Helikestosethimselfupasanintellectual．他喜欢自命为知识分子。由set构成的常见短语：setaside 留出setabout(doing)sth． 开始(做)某事setoff 引起；导致发生；引起爆炸setout 着手做；出发；陈述；阐明set．．．free 释放setfireto 放火烧……setsail 起航Carelesssmokingmaysetofffires．粗心吸烟会引发火灾。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用6])It'stenyearssincethescientist________onhislife'sworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical．A．madefor B．setoutC．tookoff D．turnedup解析：选B该题考查动词短语的含义。句意：自从这位科学家开始倾其一生从事发现有价值化学药品的工作以来，已经有十年了。setout“着手做”，符合题意。makefor(尤指匆匆地)走向；takeoff脱衣，起飞；turnup出现。3．comeacross偶然遇见；被理解；使产生……印象Icameacrosschildrensleepingunderbridge．我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。Icameacrossthebookinthedrawer．我在抽屉里偶然发现了这本书。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(meetwith,runinto)) 偶遇comeout 出现，出版，说出comeup 长出地面，被提及comeon 出场；加油Manyquestionscameupatthemeeting．会上提出了许多问题。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用7])ThetwinsisterswereshoppingforhoursonWomen'sDayandmanagedto________bagsofbargains．A．comeacross B．pickupC．dealwith D．takein解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。句意：在妇女节这天，那对双胞胎姐妹外出购物了几个小时，设法买到了几袋子减价品。comeacross“偶遇”；pickup“买到”；dealwith“处理”；takein“收留，收容”。根据句意可知应选B。4．appealto(1)向……呼吁/请求Thevictims'familiesofthemurderhaveappealedtotheSupremeCourttohaveadefinitiveanswer．被害者的家属已经请求最高法院对这次谋杀案作出确切的答复。(2)投合……的心意；引起……的兴趣Doestheideaofworkingforaventurecompanyappealtoyou?你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作？TheideaappealedtoMary．这主意正合玛丽的心意。Brightcoloursappealtosmallchildren．小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。(3)上诉；诉诸appealtoarms/force 诉诸武力appealtothelaw 诉诸法律appealtoanothercourt 向另一法院上诉Wewillappealtoagreatvarietyofsourcesofinformation．我们将求助于多种资料来源。appealtosb．forsth． 为某事而向某人呼吁appealtosb．todosth． 呼吁某人做某事，恳求某人做某事appealagainst (对判决不服而)上诉makeanappealtosb． 向某人提出呼吁loseone'sappealfor 失去对……的吸引力appealingadj． 有吸引力的；有感染力的Thesesubjectshavelosttheirappealformoststudents．对多数学生来说，这些学科已经失去了吸引力。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用8])Thegovernmentis________toeveryonetosavewater．A．asking B．appealingC．declaring D．announcing解析：选B句意：政府正呼吁每个人节约用水。appealtosb．todosth．“呼吁某人做某事”，符合句意。[句型归纳]1．Collecting_“exotic”_plants，as_they_are_called，datesbacktotheearliesttimes．收集所谓“异国”植物要追溯到很久以前。(1)Collecting“exotic”plants是动名词短语作主语。动名词作主语往往表示一般抽象的行为，用于泛指。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数。Workingwithyouisapleasure．和你一起工作是一种乐趣。Tom'snothavingfinishedhishomeworkmadehisteacherangry．汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气。动名词作主语时，若表语为nouse，nogood,anygood等名词，常用it作形式主语，而将动名词后置。句子结构为：Itisnouse/gooddoingsth．做某事没有用处/没有好处。It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk．后悔无益。It'snogoodcomplaining．抱怨是没用的。It'snousecrying．哭是没有用的。(2)astheyarecalled是as引导的一个定语从句。Taiwan，asyouknow，ispartofChina．如你所知，台湾是中国的一部分。He，asyousay，isafriendofours．正如你所说的，他是我们的朋友。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用9])Itisnouse________；theywon'tdoanythingaboutit．A．youcomplain B．yourcomplainingC．tocomplain D．youtocomplain解析：选B本题考查动名词作主语。it作形式主语，真正的主语是yourcomplaining。2．However，it_was_not_untiltheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesthattheexplorationofthebotanicalworld．．．然而，直到十八和十九世纪，对植物世界的探索才……“Itisnotuntil．．．that．．．”是强调句的基本结构。强调句可以强调主语、表语、状语。强调人时，that可换成who或whom；若强调not．．．until．．．句式，必须把not一起提前。It'smethat/whomheblamed．他责怪的是我。WasityouthatIsawlastnightattheconcert?昨天晚上我在音乐会上见到的是你吗？Itwaswhathesaidthatdisappointedme．是他说的话令我伤心。对特殊疑问词强调的句式是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分(陈述句序)？”；对名词性从句引导词强调的句式是“引导词＋itis/was＋名词＋从句＋其余部分”。Wherewasitthatwemetthefirsttime?我们第一次见面是在什么地方来着？Whowasitthatwonthefinalreward？是谁最后获奖？注意：强调句中it不能用其他代词更换；is/was时态与“其余部分”的时态一致，数不受被强调部分单复数的影响；被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，被强调部分是人可用that或who，其他一律用that；被强调部分若是原句的主语，who/that之后的谓语动词在人称和数上与该主语一致。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用10])ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver________MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood．A．how B．whichC．that D．where解析：选C此处为“Itwas．．．that．．．”强调句式。句中强调了介词短语alongtheMississippiRiver。3．CookcalledthebaywheretheEndeavourhadanchoredBotanybay．库克把“奋进号”船的抛锚地称为“植物湾”。wheretheEndeavourhadanchored是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词thebay。先行词是表示地点的名词(country，school，room．．．)，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语时，一般用where引导定语从句。Thehousewhereheusedtolivehasnowbeenturnedintoamuseum．他过去居住的房子现在已经成了博物馆。ThisistheschoolwhereIjoinedtheParty．这就是我在那儿入党的那所学校。where引导的定语从句与where引导的状语从句(1)引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，其前面有一个表示地点或场所的名词；where代替该地点或场所名词(即先行词)在定语从句中作地点状语。Canyoufindasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?你能找出一个可以使用这个单词的情景吗？IwillgotoQingdaonextweek，wheremysonisstudying．下周我将去青岛，我儿子在那里学习。(2)引导地点状语从句时，where是从属连词，所引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions．在有疑问的地方做一个记号。IfoundmybookswhereIhadleftthem．我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。(3)有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面，而where引导的定语从句则不能。Wherethereiswater，thereislife．有水的地方就有生命。eq\a\vs4\al([即境活用11])—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?—Right，justtheone________youknowIusedtoworkedforyears．A．that B．whichC．where D．what解析：选C该题考查定语从句。theone指代上句中的thesmalltown作先行词；“小镇”应该是“工作数年的地点”。故用关系副词where引导定语从句。4．Not_only_did_Fortune_introduceover120speciesofplantstoWesterngardensbut_he_also_shipped20,000teaplantsfromShanghaitoIndia，．．．Fortune不但把120多种植物引进到了西方的花园里，他也用船把20000种茶树从上海运到了印度，……notonly．．．butalso．．．“不但……而且……”可以连接两个分句。若第一分句中的notonly位于句首时，句子需要倒装，butalso引导的句子不用倒装。Notonlydothestaffwantapayraise，buttheyalsodemandtoreduceworkinghours．员工们不但要求涨工资，而且还要求缩短工作时间。Heisnotonlymyfather，butalsomyEnglishteacher．他不仅是我的父亲，也是我的英语老师。not．．．but．．． 不是……而是……notthat．．．butthat．．． 不是……而是……注意：notonly．．．butalso和not．．．but．．．连接主语时，谓语动词的形式根据就近一致的原则。NotonlyhebutalsoIamastudent．不但他是学生，我也是一名学生。Ⅰ．单词拼写1．Theforeignvisitorscamefroma________(遥远的)country．答案：distant2．Thetwostories________(冲突)，soIdidnotknowwhichtobelieve．答案：conflicted3．The________(限制条件)ontheuseoftheplaygroundare：nofighting，nodamagingproperty．答案：restrictions4．Heis________(流利的)infivelanguages．答案：fluent5．Theschoolauthoritiesare________(呼吁)toeverystudenttopayattentiontohisownsecurity．答案：appealing6．Asweallknow，flowersarep________bybees．答案：pollinated7．Billhass________hisbeardoff．答案：shaved8．Icouldn'topenthejarbecausethelidwastoot________．答案：tight9．Theye________tomakeherhappybutinvain．答案：endeavoured10．Thecityhasmanyrestaurantswithe________food．答案：exoticⅡ．选词填空eq\x(setup，datebackto，quantitiesof，comeacross，adaptto，takeinterestin，appealto)1．WhenhemovedtoCanada，thechildren____________thechangeverywell．答案：adaptedto2．Thetown____________Romantimes．答案：datesbackto3．They____________amemorialinhonourofthehero．答案：setup4．Doestheexoticmusic____________you?答案：appealto5．____________armswerediscoveredhiddeninthetrucks．答案：Quantitiesof6．I____________someoldphotosinthebalcony．答案：cameacross7．He____________learningFrench．答案：takesinterestinⅢ．完成句子1．他从没遇到过像希拉这样的人。Hehadnever________________apersonquitelikeSheila．答案：comeacross2．警方呼吁公众保持镇静。Thepolicemadean________________thepublictoremaincalm．答案：appealto3．他们对于战争起因的报道与我们的相反。Theiraccountsofthecausesofthewar______________ours．答案：conflictwith4．我看到远处有艘轮船。Isawaship________________________．答案：inthedistance5．大卫说，正是由于他对文字的浓厚兴趣才使得他选了这门课程。Davidsaidthat________________becauseofhisstronginterestinliterature________hechosethecourse．答案：itwas；thatⅣ．句型转换1．Iwouldkeepawayfromthatdog，ifIwereyou．Iwould______________________________fromthatdog，ifIwereyou．答案：keepmyselfatadistance2．Heisinterestedinmusicandcooking．He______________________musicandcooking．答案：takesinterestin3．Myinterestsconflictwithyours．Myinterestsare________________________yours．答案：inconflictwith4．ArguingwithBillisnouse，becausehewillneverchangehismind．________________________arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind．答案：Itisnouse5．Regularradiobroadcastsdidn'tbeginuntil1920．________________________________1920________regularradiobroadcastsbegan．答案：Itwasnotuntil；thatⅤ．单项填空1．HowIwishIcould________myideasinsimpleandwonderfulEnglishwhenchattingontheInternet!A．setoff B．setoutC．setover D．setup解析：选B句意：在网上聊天的时候，我多么希望能用简单而又美妙的英语来陈述我的观点！setout“出发，动身，陈述，阐明”，符合句意。setoff出发，启程；C项不存在；setup建立，资助。2．Hespokeforalongtimebuthismeaningdidn'treally________．A．getacross B．comeacrossC．understand D．A&B解析：选D句意：他讲了很长时间但他的意思没人能理解。A项和B项都有“被理解”的意思。但understand是及物动词，此处应使用被动语态。故选D项。3．Try________hemight，hecouldn'topenthedoor．A．as B．thoughC．although D．while解析：选Aas引导让步状语从句，应使用倒装。4．Atthattime，thereweremanyrestrictions________themovementofthiscountry．A．on B．forC．of D．in解析：选A本题考查固定短语。restrictionon表示“对……的限制”。5．Hiswhitehairwasinsharp________tohisdarkskin．A．contrary B．conflictC．contrast D．comparison解析：选C本题考查固定短语。insharp/markedcontrastto与……形成鲜明的对比。6．Thisisalaw________the17thcentury．A．datesfrom B．datingfromC．datingback D．datesbackto解析：选B句意：这是一项可追溯到17世纪的法律。该句中使用分词作后置定语，law与datefrom为主动关系，故用现在分词，C项应为datingbackto。7．Theairportisabouttenmiles________fromthecity．A．away B．distantC．far D．A&B解析：选Dfarawayfrom为固定短语，意为“离……远”。当出现具体数词时不能用far，故C项错，B项中distantfromthecity为形容词短语作定语。8．________snacksanddrinks，buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest．A．NotonlytheybroughtB．NotonlydidtheybringC．NotonlybroughttheyD．Notonlytheydidbring解析：选Bnotonly．．．butalso．．．“不但……而且……”连接两个分句时，若notonly位于句首，它所在句子需要倒装，butalso引导的句子不倒装。9．(江西高考)Itwas________hecamebackfromAfricathatyear________hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry．A．when；then B．not；untilC．notuntil；that D．only；when解析：选C考查强调句型。句意：他直到那年从非洲回来之后才遇到了他想与之结婚的女孩。此句是“notuntil．．．”的强调句型。10．(福建高考)StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet________lifehasdevelopedgradually．A．that B．whereC．which D．whose解析：选B考查定语从句。先行词是theonlyplanet，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。Ⅵ．阅读理解Botany，thestudyofplants，occupiesaspecialpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge．Formanythousandsofyearsitwasafieldaboutwhichhumanshadagreatdealtolearn．ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants，butfromwhatwecanobserveofpre­industrialsocietiesthatstillexist，adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient．Thisislogical．Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthings，evenforotherplants．Theyhavealwaysbeenimportanttothebenefitofpeoples，notonlyforfood，butalsoforclothing，weap