2021年新课标版英语高考真题练习：专题十　主旨大意

专题十主旨大意

探考情悟真题

【考情探究】

考卷

课标全国I课标全国n课标全国1【1

年份

考

频2019第33题,第35题第题，第35题第27题

主

统

旨2018第27题，第31题第28题，第35题第27题，第35题

计

大2017第31题第28题，第31题第28题，第35题

意

2016第35题第32题第35题

2015第28题

考点主旨大意题要求学生在理解全文后归纳文章要点,概括中心思想,因此需要学生能够分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主

内容题或文章最后的结论，从而找出文章主旨或文章的标题.

分析解读

1.主旨大意题有一个明显的特点:要求学生通读全文.从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段

落大意的选项。通常情况下,考查对象分为两大类:即篇章主旨和段落主旨.篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行

提问，而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问。

2.主旨大意题考查的是学生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求学生必须在充分理解全文的前提下，梳理

出整篇文章的主旨大意。它既考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，所以在阅读理解试题中

睚度旗对较木。课标全国卷近五年考查主旨大意题的题量相对较少,但考查深度、难度却不断增加.解题时需

对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后方可得出正确答案。考查形式由简单的主题归纳变得综合性

越来越强，同时文章的跳跃性强.隐含信息增多.常以标题归纳的形式出现，这就要求学生在理解文章主旨大意

的基础上注意标题的三个特点:概括性、针对性和醒目性。

【五年高考】

A组统一命题•课标卷题组

Passage1（2019课标全国I,D）词数:370

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmeto

keepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirls

andcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplaying

jokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychology

sortsthepopularintotwocategories:thclikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables,plays-well-with-others

qualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand.whentappedearly,areemployed

everafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpower

andevendishonorablebehavior.

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Those

whowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelyto

engage（从事）indangerousandriskybehavior.”

Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,

themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）."Wcfoundthattheleastwell-liked

teenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.It

clearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate——sharing,

kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.

Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedto

positivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsiblefbrthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesfor

learningandfbrnewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage//hesaid.

1.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?

A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Gencrous.D.Cool.

2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theclassificationofthepopular.

B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.

D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.

3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?

A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.

B.Thcytendedtobemoreadaptable.

C.Thcyenjoyedthehigheststatus.

D.Theyperformedwellacademically.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeNice—YouWon'tFinishLast

B.TheHighertheStatus,theBetter

C.BetheBest—YouCanMakeIt

D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness

答案

l.C

2.A

3.B

4.A

Passage2(2019课标全国II,C)词数:348

MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshe

waitsfbrhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel's"me"time.Andlikemore

Americans,she'snotalone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfast

aloneandnearlyhalf(46percenl)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnerlimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74

percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

prefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.

Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,too

oftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingheronthe

shoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized."Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,“shesaid.

Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathe

cansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantsto

havealittleinteraction(交流).°Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek/*hesaid.

"It'sachancefbrself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan/*

Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhave

feltawkwardaboutaskingforatabicforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepus

companyatthetable."Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology/*saidLaurie

Demeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsfbrthereport.

1.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?

A.Foodvariety.B.Eatinghabits.

C.Tablcmanners.D.Rcstaurantservice.

2.WhydoesBcchtclprefertogooutforlunch?

A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.

B.Tocatchupwithherwork.

C.Tohavesometimeonherown.

D.Tocollectdatafbrherreport.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?

A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.

B.He'sfondofthefoodatthebar.

C.Hcinterviewscustomersatthebar.

D.He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.

B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.

C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.

D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.

答案

I.B

2.C

3.D

4.A

Passage3（2018课标全国I.B）词数:264

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscooking

upastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbult

offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGood

MorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13.andJack,11.

“WcloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,Mshe

explains."Ipay£5foraportion（—份），butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,

sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethis

foodourselves//

Theeight-partseries（系歹！］节目），SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeach

week.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationona

budget.Thcteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.

B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.

D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.

2.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.

B.Hcpreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.

D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

3.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef

D.CookingWellforLess

答案

l.B

2.C

3.C

4.D

Passage4（2018课标全国II,C）词数:294

Teensandyoungerchildrenarcreadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareport

publishedMonday.

Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreading

remainsabigpartofmanychildren'slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.

Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,“theproportion（比例）whosaythey'hardlyever"readforfunhas

gonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percent

respectivelytoday.”

Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8.remainlargelythe

same.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretocloserto

ahalfhourpersession.

Whenitconiestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel（建议）parentslookingfordata

abouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.ltdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,

mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.

Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportant

guidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedto

infrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,

andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.

Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom（逼近）ahead,parentsmighttakethis

chancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.

l.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?

A.Children'sreadinghabits.

B.Qualityofchildren'sbooks.

C.Children'safter-classactivities.

D.Parcnt-childrelationships.

2.Whcrecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”?

A.Inparagraph2.

B.Inparagraph3.

C.lnparagraph4.

D.lnparagraph5.

3.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?

A.E-booksareofpoorquality.

B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.

C.Itmayharmchildren'shealth.

D.E-readersareexpensive.

4.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?

A.Actasrolemodelsfbrthem.

B.Askthemtowritebookreports.

C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.

D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.

答案

LA

2.B

3.C

4.A

Passage5（2018课标全国HI,B）词数:312

Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleinthese

placesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,for

example,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgradually

from800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfrom

nothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness（荒里予）.Butgoldwasdiscovered

therein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.

DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewenttherefor

gold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawson

wascoveredwiththirtyfeelofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche（雪崩）onceclosedthepath,

killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst

20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About1（X）ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwerevery

cxpcnsive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thccitywascrowdedwith

disappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesin

Alaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo-toseewherethe

Canadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.

1.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?

A.Itsbusinessculture.

B.Itssmallpopulation.

C.Itsgeographicalposition.

D.Itsfavourableclimate.

2.WhatdowcknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?

A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.

B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.

C.Almosteveryonegaveup.

D.Halfofthemdied.

3.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?

A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.

B.Thcywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.

C.Thcywereunabletostandthewinter.

D.Thcywereshortoffood.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theriseandfallofacity.

B.ThegoldrushinCanada.

CJourneysintothewilderness.

D.TourisminDawson.

答案

l.C

2.B

3.B

4.A

Passage6（2017课标全国I,C）词数:325

Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirst

annualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCultural

Organization）reccntlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasa

unifying（联合）voiceacrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthe

musichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserfbrjazz,Moranhopesto

widentheaudiencefbrjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

°Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite//MorantellsNationalPublicRadio's

reporterNealConan."WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderand

understandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital//

Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeen

lost."Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethe

waytheworldworksisnotthesame,“saysMoran.

Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty,“justtokindof

putitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,“saysMoran."Forme,it'sthe

recontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion（情感）1ie?Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight（/^t§）（）n

howtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueabout

ouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,MsaysMoran,“soI

wanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”

1.WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?

A.Torememberthebirthofjazz.

B.Toprotectculturaldiversity.

C.Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.

D.Torecognizethevalueofjazz.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?

A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.

B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

3.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?

A.Itwilldisappeargradually.

B.Itremainsblackandwhite.

C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.

D.Itchangesevery50years.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ExpIoringtheFutureofJazz

B.TheRiseandFallofJazz

C.TheStoryofaJazzMusician

D.CelebratingtheJazzDay

答案

l.D

2.C

3.C

4.A

Passage7（2017课标全国II,C）词数:317

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanycloser

toitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,four

wheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeight

minuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallon

tankofgasandbums5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,and

thosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNew

YorkAutoShow.Butdon'texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocost$279,000.Andit

won'thelpifyou'restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.

Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustry

expert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.The

governmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.The

Transitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.

MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreatea

separatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugia

saysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,a

requirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

2.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?

A.Itcausestrafficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.

C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.

3.Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?

A.Cautious.B.Favorable.

C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FlyingCaratAutoShow

B.TheTransition'sFirstFlight

C.Pilots'DrcamComingTrue

D.FlyingCarClosertoReality

致口空

LA

2.C

3.B

4.D

Passage8（2017课标全国［II,D）词数:324

TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratory

named“DriveLAB“inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekey

stresspointsare.

Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell-beingamong

olderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated（隔绝）andinactive.

LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdrivers

whichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.

Theseincludecustom-madenavigation（导航）tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.

PhilBlytheexplains:°Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingis

importantforpreservingtheirindependence»givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorely

onothers//

“Butwcallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeople

avoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultis

thatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”

DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains:"TheDriveLABishelpingusto

understandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologyto

addresstheseproblems//

“Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,

wcfoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthe

speedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We'relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasa

wayofpreventingthat.”

"Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions（解决方案）toensurethatolderdriversstay

saferbehindthewheel.”

1.WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB?

A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.

B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.

C.Tofindoutolderdrivers'problems.

D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.

2.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?

A.Itkeepsthemindependent.

B.hhelpsthemsavetime.

C.Itbuildsuptheirstrength.

D.ltcurestheirmentalillnesses.

3.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?

A.Improvetheirdrivingskills.

B.Developdriver-assisttechnologies.

C.Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.

0.Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ANewModelElectricCar

氏ASolutiontoTrafficProblems

C.DrivingServicesR）rElders

D.KccpingOlderDriversontheRoad

答案

l.C

2.A

3.B

4.D

Passage9（2016课标全国I,D）词数:332

Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhen

apersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silence

maybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofillevery

gap（|'司隙）withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryfor

understandingaperson'sneeds.

ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassome

traditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingand

suddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied（BB^）isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaid

beforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.

Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorin

relationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmay

usesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayuse

silencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhim

orher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelder

orapersoninauthority.

Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthe

personalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandcultural

constructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.A

nursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients

fromtheirownandfromothercultures.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?

A.Itimpliesanger.

B.Itpromotesfriendship.

C.Itisculture-specific.

D.Itiscontent-based.

2.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?

A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.

C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.

3.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?

A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.

B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.

C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.

D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.

4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.SoundandSilence

B.WhatItMeanstoBeSilent

C.SilencetoNativeAmericans

D.SpccchIsSilver;SilenceIsGold

答案

l.C

2.A

3.D

4.B

Passage10（2016课标全国II,C）词数:254

Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoread

andthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofa

bookgroup.

Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesan

identificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thcnthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwill

haveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.

BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethe

peopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.”

Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbook

willgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.

Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensent

totheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheidea

isforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.

BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe"real"andnotthevirtual（虚拟）.

Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.

l.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexplainwhattheyare.

B.TointroduceBookCrossing.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.

D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?

A.Thebook.

B.Anadventure.

C.Apublicplace.

D.Theidentificatio