(完整版)北师大版高一英语必修三Unit7Thesea定语从句同步导学案

高一英语必修三Unit7Thesea定语从句（基础知识部分）同步导学案编写时间：2014-02-班级：_________姓名：___________________Learningaims:1.关系代词which/that/who/whom/whose/as引导的定语从句用法2.关系副词where/when/why引导的定语从句用法3.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句定语从句基本概念含义：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句，定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。关系词定义：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词分类：根据关系词在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等关系副词在定语从句中作状语常用的关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as常用的关系副词：when,where,why关系代词的用法关系代词有三个作用：(1)代替先行词即替代作用；（2）连接先行词与定语从句即连词功能（3）在定语从句中做句子成分，即成份功能；Thisisanoldcomputer。itworksmuchslower这是一台老式电脑。它工作起来速度较慢Thisisanoldcomputerwhich∕thatworksmuchslower这是一台工作速度较慢的老电脑。普通代词只起替代作用，如在上例中it替代anoldcomputer,而关系代词除可以替代anoldcomputer外，还可以引导定语从句。关系代词的具体用法1.who/whom的用法二者都指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语Whom在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，有时who可以代替whomWho不用于介词后例：Ihaveafriendwholikesclassicalmusic.（作主语）IwenttothemovieswithMary,whoIthinkyouoncemet.（作宾语，不用于介词后）Theboy(whom)youmetinthestreetismybrother.（作宾语，可省略）ThepersonwithwhomItalkedwasmyteacher.（前面有介词with，因此不能用who）2.whose的用法一般指人，有时也指物，作定语指物时“whose+n.=n.+ofwhich”指人时“whose+n.=n.+ofwhom”例：You'retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.（作advice的定语）Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?

Do

you

like

the

book

the

cover

of

which

is

yellow?

DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq?Doyouknowthegirl,thefatherofwhomdiedinIraq?3.which的用法（1）一般指物（2）作主语、宾语，偶尔作定语（3）在非限定性从句中作宾语时可省略（4）which在指人时，往往指婴儿或人的品质，或先行词是指人的集体名词，把它看做一个单数整体例：Thesweaterwhichisinthedrawerisoutoffashion.（作主语）Thatistheparcelwhichwassentthismorning.（作宾语，不可省略）Isthisthedictionary(which)youarelookingfor?（作宾语，可省略）Theaudience,whichwasmostenthusiastic,applaudedthesoloist.（集体名词，单数）Whereisthebabywhichneedsinjection?（指婴儿）Heishardlythemanwhichwethoughthimtobe.（指品质）4.that的用法（1）指人或物可作主语、宾语或表语作宾语或表语时可以省略作介词宾语时，介词不能提到that之前，否则应用which或whom代替例：Themanthatcamehereyesterdayisafriendofmine.（指人，作主语）Theman(that)youmetjustnowishisuncle.（指人，作宾语，可省略）Didyouseetheletter(that)Iputonthetable?（指物，作宾语，可省略）TheplanethathastakenoffisforPairs.（指物，作主语）Thecitythatshelivesinisverybig.（作介词宾语时，介词在后面）5.as的用法（1）既可指人也可指物，还可指整个句子（2）在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语，指整个句子时可以位于句首、句中或句尾（3）as引导的定语从句常用省略形式（4）常出现于固定形式中：thesame...as...，such...as...，...as...as...例：Let'smeetatthesameplaceaswedidyesterday.（as与thesame连用）Shakespeareisafamouswriter,aseverybodyknows.（as代替整个从句，作knows的宾语，位于句尾）Aseverybodyknows,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.（位于句首）Shakespeare,aseverybodyknows,isafamouswriter.（位于句中）6.which和that的区别用that不用which先行词为all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?先行词前有形容词最高级修饰ThisisthemostexcitingreportthatIhaveeverread.先行词前有first,last,next,only,very,all,any等词修饰Thefirststep(that)wearetotakeisverydifficult.先行词同时含有“人”和“非人”时，用that不用which，也不用who/whomHetalkedaboutthepeopleandthebooksthatinterestedhim.用which不用that1）非限制性定语从句中，充当主语或定语Theyhavethreehouses,whicharebuiltofstone.

Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemsad2）当关系代词前有介词时Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.Westudyintheclassroomofwhichthedoorsfacesouth.3）先行词本身是that时What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?4）当关系代词后面带有插入语时HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

I'veboughtyousomebookswhichIthinkmayinterestyou.7.as和which的用法1）

as

和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

He

married

her,

as

/

which

was

natural.

他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

He

is

honest,

as

/

which

we

can

see.

他很诚实，

这一点我们看得出来。

2）

as

引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。

which

引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as

常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：

As

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.

众所周知，中国是发展中国家。

He

is

from

the

south,

as

we

can

know

from

his

accent.

他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。

John,

as

you

know,

is

a

famous

writer.

正如你所知，

约翰是个著名作家。

Zhang

Hua

has

been

to

Paris

more

than

ten

times,

which

I

don’t

believe.

张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。

3）当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：

Tom

was

late

for

school

again

and

again,

which

made

his

teacher

very

angry.

汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。

These

tables

are

made

of

metal,

which

made

them

very

heavy.

这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。

4）在作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语，而as只能作动词be的主语Hemarriedagain,which/aswasnatural.Heisthebeststudentinourclass,whichmakeshisparentsveryhappy.5)as引导的定语从句常出现下列短语AswecanseeAsweexpectedAsiswellknownAsmaybeimagined（正如可以想象的那样）AsoftenhappensAshasbeenalreadypointedout（正如已经指出的那样）关系副词的具体用法关系副词引导定语从句在定语从句中，关系副词主要有3个：when,where和why.1）when在定语从句中表时间，作状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如：time,day,season,age,occasion等。Ican’tforgetthenightwhenIcametothefarm.翻译：__________________________________________________2)where在定语从句中表示地点，作状语，其先行词通常是place,city,town,factory,table,village,house等表示地点的名词situation,case,condition,point等表示抽象意义的名词。Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.翻译：____________________________________________________Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.翻译：____________________________________________________3)why在定语从句中表示原因，作状语，先行词一般是reason.ThatisthereasonwhyIdidso.翻译：___________________________Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.翻译：_____________________________________________________【注意】1)并非先行词表示时间、地点或原因时,引导词就用when,where或why;若定语从句中不缺状语而缺主语或宾语则须用which或that引导定语从句。I’llneverforgetthedays______weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.Doyouknowthereason______hefailedintheexamthistime?Thereason_____hegavemewasreasonable.2)when,where,why,引导的定语从句可用“介词+which”来替换。其介词可根据先行词和定语从句中的谓语动词来判断。when相当于at/in/on/during等+which.ThedateonwhichhejoinedthePartywasJuly1，1984.翻译：where相当于at/in/on/等+whichThehouseinwhichhelivedisalibrarynow.翻译：why相当于for+which.Isthatthereasonforwhichhewasabsentfromclass?翻译：2.介词+关系代词（which,whom）引导的定语从句1)介词+which在定语从句中充当时间，地点，原因状语，相当于when,where,why.(上边已经讲述)2)介词+which/whom,关系代词作介词的宾语，这是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。which指物，whom指人。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键,可根据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选择介词。也可根据从句的相关动词来选用。ThisistheprofessorfromwhomIhavelearntalot.翻译：HaveyouseethepenwithwhichIwritemyhomework.翻译：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.翻译：【注意】在日常英语中通常把介词放在从句的句末，省略关系词which/whomThisistheprofessor(whom/that)Ihavelearnedalotfrom.Thisisthecamera(which/that)heoftentakesphotoswith.【学法点拨】1）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的选取必须遵循“一先；二动；三意义”的原则。即：a.根据先行词的搭配而定；b.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配而定；c.根据整句话的意义而定。2)介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词的选择应注意几个问题：a.有的介词时定语从句中词组的固定搭配拆开的结果，用什么介词由从句的动词决定。Heistheboywho/whomIwastalkingto.=HeistheboytowhomIwastalking.翻译：b.有的介词是根据句意添加上去的，即用什么介词由先行词决定。Heemployed30men,ofwhom12werefromhishometown.翻译：c.定语从句中的词组若是十分密切的固定搭配，一般不拆开。Thebabywho/whommysistertakescareofisverylovely.翻译：【误区警示】：当定语从句的动词和介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系介词之前。当堂检测1.—We’lltaketheconditionsintocarefulconsiderationyouhaveattachedtothiscontract.—Thanks.Hopeforfurthercooperation. A．as B．which C．where D.what2.Doyourememberacertainoccasion______youwereintroubleandatthatmomentIgaveyouahand.A.where B.which C.why D.when3.Therearemoments_______werememberourchildhooddayswithfondness,embarrassment,regretormixedfeelings.A.when B.that C.which D.Where4.Leavehimanoteatthereceptiondesk,hewilllearnhowtofindyou.A.whichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.onwhich5.-----Howaboutyourjob-hunting？-----Noluck．Now，I’vereachedthestage________Idon’tcarewhatIdo．A.whichB．whereC．whenD.that6.MoreteensaresmokinginBeijing,______thenumberofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentspickingupthehabithasmorethandoubledfrompreviousyears.A.which B.when C.where D.that7.Icanthinkofmanycases________themediahaveastrongeffectonyoungmen.A.why B.where C.as D.which8.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer___sheneededtodecidewhattodoA.that B.whatC.which D.where9.Judgingfromhisface_______therewasaconfidentsmile,weknewthathedidn’tloseheart.A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.bywhichD.onwhich10.Lisa,Iguesswe’dbetterfixanavigational（导航仪）tothecar_____wecanfindourwayeasily.A.whichB.thatC.fromwhichD.withwhich11.InEnglishclass,ourteacheroftencreatesanenvironment______wearegiventheopportunitytosolveproblemsourselves.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that12.Aturningpointforthecontinuouslyhighhousingpricewon’tappearsuddenlybecausetheremustbeacertainprocess______manyfactorsleadtothechange.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that13.Wehavespottedthelocation,______wethoughtisthesiteofEmperorQinShihuang.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where14.---Whendidtheyoungmansaveyou?----January1st,2000,thefirstdayofthenewcentury,_______Icanneverforget.A.whenBwhichC.thatD.where15.I'vereadallthebooks_______yougaveme.

A.whichB.themC.whatD.that16.Thereisn'tmuch_______Icando.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how17.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces_______aredifferentfromours.

A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whom18.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone_____Ihavewatchedthisyear.

A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that19.LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao,_______aconferencewastobeheld.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where20.Isthisthemuseum_______youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone21.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear_______NewChinawasfounded.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.where22.Thereisnodifficulty_______can'tbeovercomeintheworld.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what23.Whoistheperson_______isstandingatthegateofBeijing书面表达范例背诵2014-02-21.假设你是李华，你在报上看到北京电视台今年七月将举办外国人“学中文，唱中文歌”才艺大赛。你的美国朋友Peter正在北京一所大学学中文，你觉得他应去试一试。请按以下要点给他写信告知此事，并表示可以提供帮助。

比赛时间：7月18日。报名时间：截止到6月30日。报名地点：北京电视台

注意：1.词数：100左右2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯3.参考词汇：才艺大赛-talentshowDearPeter,

Ireadinanewspapertodaythata“LearnChinese,SingChineseSongs”Foreigners’TalentShowwillbeheldinBeijingTelevisionStationonJuly18.Iknowyoulikesinging,andyouareinBeijingduringthatperiod.Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.Ifyouwouldliketotry,you'llhavetogototheTVstationtosignupbeforetheendofJune.IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,Iwouldbemorethangladtohelp.Yours,

LiHua2.假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：1.表示歉意；2.解释原因；3.另约时间。注意：1.词数120~150；2.可适当增加细节。【参考范文】DearTom,IamindeedverysorrythatIcan’tgotoBeijingwithyounextweek,whichIhavepromised.Ifeelsorryforaboutitandwantyoutoknowwhathappened.Justnow,mycousin,LiQiong,wholefthometoAustraliaforhisfurtherstudylastyear,informedmethathewouldreturnthisSaturdaymorningandaskedmetopickhimupattheairportwithhisfamily.Youknow,wehaven’tseeneachotherfornearlyayear.Isincerelyhopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandme.Iwouldappreciateyourallowingmetomakeanotherdate