2022-2023学年上海市高三下学期“六校联合教研”质量调研英语试卷

2022学年第二学期“六校联合教研”质量调研高三英语试卷Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.IntheShanghaiMuseum.C.Inatunnel. D.Inataxi.2.A.At2:30. B.At2:00. C.At1:30. D.At1:00.3.A.Doctorandpatient. B.Lawyerandclient.C.Managerandcustomer. D.Passer-byandpoliceman.4.A.ToworkinJuly. B.Toprintaform.C.Togobacktoschool. D.Totakeavacation.5.A.Hedroppedhisphone. B.Hehateslong-distancecalls.C.Hiscallgotcutoff. D.Hismobileistoolong.6.A.TheywillmeetAngelaontheway. B.Theywillhaveanearlystart.C.Angelaisusuallyalatecomer. D.Angelamaynotcometomorrow.7.A.Anewformofcurrency. B.Marketpotentialforanewproduct.C.Governments’attitudetocoins. D.Replacementsofoldcoins.8.A.Becausehewantstosavemoney.B.Becausehewantstostayawayfromcrowds.C.Becauseheistooexhaustedwithhiswork.D.Becausetheticketpriceishigher.9.A.Impatient. B.Regretful. C.Angry. D.Relieved.10.A.Shehasnointerestintheman’swords. B.Shedoesn’tunderstandtheman.C.Shedoesn’twanttofollowtheman. D.Shehatestostudypicturesbykids.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversationThepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage11.A.Toencourageitspeopletoretirelater. B.Toimportmoregoodsfromabroad.C.Togiveitspeopleadditionalsocialwelfare. D.Tochangethelong-heldWesternprejudice.12.A.Smallcompanies. B.Industrialists.C.Tradeunions. D.Youngpeople.13.A.Theyknowhowtospendmoney. B.Theyareforcedoutoftheirclass.C.Theyholdthesamebeliefastheyretired. D.Theysupporttheirhardworkingparents.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.TheywerethefirstsettlersinEurope.B.TheyweretheconquerorsofNorway.C.TheydiscoveredIcelandintheninthcentury.D.TheysettledonasmallislandnorthofEngland.15.A.ItwassomefivehundredmileswestofNorway.B.Itwascoveredwithgreenmosttimeoftheyear.C.ItwastheVikings’mostimportantdiscovery.D.Itwasarockymassoflandcoveredwithice.16.A.TheVikings’oceanexplorations. B.ThemakingofEuropeannations.C.TheVikings’everydaylife. D.TheEuropeans’Arcticdiscoveries.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Shehasrecentlydoneherhairandlooksfantastic.B.She’soccupiedinissuingawardstotheprizewinners.C.Shewasrecommendedasacandidateforanaward.D.Shewasproudofherrecentchangeinherpublicimage.18.A.Becausehedidn’treceivefavorablereviews.B.Becauseheknewthewomanwasbeingpolite.C.Becausehispreviousnovelwasmuchbetter.D.Becausehisworkwasmorehumorousthangreat.19.A.Johnwasgoodatcatchingthieves. B.Johnwasanattractiveman.C.Johnenjoyedsharinghisweddingphotos. D.Johnwasdevotedtohisbusiness.20.A.Therobberwasarmedwithaknife. B.Therobberyoccurredatthehairdresser’s.C.Themanputuptherightdefence. D.Themancaughttherobberbycoincidence.Ⅱ.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WeMustActNowtoProtectOurThreatenedOceansLastweek,climatestrikersyoungandoldcameoutinforcetocalluponthegovernmenttoactwithgreaterurgencyintacklingtheglobalclimateemergency.They(21)________verywellfeelaneedtostepuptheirdemandsuponhearingtheawfulfindingsofthespecialreportontheoceanandcryospherev(低温层)inachangingclimate,releasedonWednesdaybytheInternationalPanelonClimateChange.Thereporthighlightedtheintimateconnectionswhichexistbetweenourclimate,ouroceansandourveryexistence.Itpresentedirrefutablescientificevidence(22)________ourwarmingclimateisplacingmarineandfrozenareasofourplanetingravedanger,withsomechangeshappeningatamuchlargerscaleandfasterratethanpreviously(23)________(predict).Urgentactionisneeded(24)________wearetokeepourplanet—andouroceans—safeandhabitable.Thisrequires(25)________(ambitious)targetstoreduceourcarbonemissionsandtoshiftourenergysystemawayfrompollutingfossilfuelstowards100%renewableenergies.Changeisalsoneededininternationalcooperationaround(26)________ouroceansareprotected.ItishopedthatearlynextyearUNmemberstates(27)________(sign)astrongglobaloceantreatythatcouldpavethewayforthecreationofmarinesanctuaries(禁猎区),(28)________(place)atleast30%ofoceansofflimitstohumanactivitiessuchascommercialfishingandoilandgasexploration.Thisisacrucialsteptowardsbuildingtheresilienceofmarineecosystemsandsecuringasustainablefutureforthose(29)________livelihoodsdependonouroceans.Thegovernmenthasbeenavocalchampionforoceanconservation.NowisthetimeforBritain(30)________(turn)politicalwillintodecisiveactionbyleadingthewaywiththeforgingofanewglobaloceantreaty.Theprimeminister’sdirectinvolvementcouldmakethedifferencebetweenawatered-downagreementorapowerfulone.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.digest B.survived C.barely D.availableE.literate F.unlimited G.thinking H.connectivityI.arguably J.remade K.concentrationThere’sbeenawarningabouttheimmediatedeathofliteratecivilizationforalongtime.Inthe20thcentury,firstitwasthemovies,thenradio,thentelevisionthatseemedtobringdisasterforthewrittenworld.Nonedid.Reading(31)________;infact,ithasthrived.Theworldismore(32)________thaneverbefore—therearemoreandmorereaders,andmoreandmorebooks.Thefactthatweoftengetourreadingmaterialonlinetodayisnotsomethingweshouldworryabout.Theelectronicanddigitalrevolutionofthelasttwodecadeshas(33)________shownthewayforwardforreadingandforwriting.Takethearrivalofe-bookreadersasanexample.DeviceslikeAmazon’sKindlemakereadingmoreconvenientandarealotmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanthetraditionalpaperbook.Astechnologymakesnewwaysofwritingpossible,newwaysofreadingarenow(34)________.Inter-connectivityallowforareadingexperiencethatwas(35)________imaginablebefore.Wheretraditionalbookshadtomakedowithphotographsandillustrations,ane-bookcanprovidereaderswitha(n)(36)________numberoflinks:totexts,picturesandvideos.Inthefuture,thewaypeoplewritenovels,historyandphilosophywillresemblenothingseeninthepast.Ontheotherhand,thereisthedangerofunderestimating.OneTwittergroupisofferingitsfollowerssingle-sentence-long“(37)________ofthegreatnovels.WarandPeaceinasentence?Youmustbejoking.Weshouldfearthefragmentation(碎片化)ofreading.Thereisthedangerthatthehigh-speed(38)________oftheinternetwillreduceourattentionspan—thatwewillbeincapableofreadinganythingoflengthorwhichrequiresdeep(39)________.Insuchafast-changingworld,inwhichrealityseemstobe(40)________eachday,weneedtheabilitytofocusandunderstandwhatishappeningtous.Thishasalwaysbeenthefunctionofliteratureandweshouldbecarefulnottoletitdisappear.Oursocietyneedstobeabletoimaginethepossibilityofsomeoneutterlyintunewithmoderntechnologyaswellasmakesenseofadynamicyetconfusingworld.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ThenumberofthebestHowbigshouldabusinessteambe?Itisanenormouslyimportantissueforcompanies.Teamsthataretoosmallmay(41)________theskillsrequiredtogetthejobdone;teamsthataretoobigmaybeimpossibletoco-ordinate.Similartrade-offsmayapplywhenitcomestofirmsasawhole.Start-upsareoftenshortofstaff.Thefoundersmustplayahostofdifferent(42)________,fromobtainingfinancetoproductdevelopmentandmarketing,forwhichtheymaynotbeequallysuited.Butthe(43)________isthattheycanhavehighlycollaborativeworkingenvironments.Peoplewhohaveworkedforstart-upssaytheculturechangeswhenthecompanyreachesacertain(44)________.PattyMcCord,formerlyofNetflix,referredtothe“stand-on-a-chairnumber”—thebiggestgroupthatcaneasilyheartheboss(45)________them.RobinDunbar,ananthropologist(人类学家)atOxfordUniversity,hasdonealotofworkonprimategroups.Hisargumentisthatthesizeofthegroupislinkedtothesizeofthebrain.Withtheirlargebrains,humanscancopewithlargerbands.Alargersocialgrouphasmanyadvantages,(46)________greaterprotectionandspecialisation.Whereas150issometimesreferredtoasthe“Dunbarnumber”,theacademichimselfinfactreferstoarangeof(47)________.Heobservesthathumanstendtohavefiveintimatefriends,15orsogoodfriends,around50socialfriendsand150-oddacquaintances.Runningalargernetworkcanbedifficult.Somuchtimeisneededtomaintainrelationshipsthattheirqualityinevitably(48)________.Thearmedforceshavespentmillenniaexperimentingwithunitsize.ARomancenturion(百人队长)oversaw100.ThemodernAmericanarmycompanyhas180members.Britain’sequivalentnumbers120.Theseareroughestimates,ratherthanrigidfigures.Butitisstrikingthatmanygroupactivitiesseemtobe(49)________aDunbarnumber.TheSpecialAirService,Britain’selitefightingunit,hasfour-manpatrols;whenyourlifedependsonit,youneedtohaveabsolute(50)________inyourcolleagues.Asaresult,suchgroupsarelimitedinsize.Sports-teamsizes(51)________theplayingarea.Therearefiveplayersinabasketballsideandsixinicehockey;outdoorsthereare11playersinfootballandcricketteams,and7-15inthevariousformsofrugby.Perhapsthisistheoptimalsizeforcoachingpurposes,orperhapscrowdswould(52)________todistinguishindividualplayersifteamswerelarger.Smallworkteamsmayalsotendtowardsthesetwosizeranges.“Ifyouwantacommitteeto(53)________something,limitittofourtofivepeople,”saysMrDunbar.“Buttobrainstorminameeting,youneed12-15.”Manycompaniesuse“agile”teamswhichdrawemployeesfromacrossthecompany;theytendtohavebetweenfiveandninemembers.Themoderncompanymaysettleona(54)________withasmallgroupof“core”workersandalargergroupofcontractworkers.Theresultmaybemore(55)________withinthecorestaffbutthenon-corestaffmaybelesswelltreated.Thesmallcoreteamsmayworkeffectively.Thebigquestionwillbetheeffectonmoraleofthoseoutsidethoseteams.41.A.demand B.lack C.cultivate D.sharpen42.A.roles B.games C.cards D.missions43.A.truth B.point C.upside D.goal44.A.height B.level C.size D.degree45.A.phone B.contact C.criticize D.address46.A.callingfor B.allowingfor C.hopingfor D.payingfor47.A.records B.networks C.circles D.figures48.A.suffers B.thrives C.denied D.functions49.A.similarwith B.closeto C.interestedin D.equalto50.A.trust B.will C.right D.advance51.A.resultin B.relateto C.arisefrom D.contributeto52.A.rush B.compete C.struggle D.refuse53.A.discuss B.decide C.judge D.facilitate54.A.shape B.scale C.level D.construction55.A.agreement B.innovation C.influence D.cohesionSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Sundaysareforsewing.Thatmuch,atleast,hasnotchangedforBoDollisJr.DuringMemorialDayweekend,afterNewOrleansofficialsrelaxedsocialdistancingrules,theBigChiefoftheWildMagnoliasMardiGrasIndiansgothistribetogetherforthefirsttimesinceeverythingcameunglued.About15peoplecame,andtheysattogetheronfoldingchairs,laughing,joking,andsewing.Eachhadanopentoolboxstuffedwithsmallplasticbagsofbeads(珠子)attheirfeetandastretchedcanvasacrosstheirlaps.Theysharedadviceandsuggestionsaseasilyastheypassearoundneedles,withwhichtheyattachedbeadstothecanvasintheshapeofbears,horses,andnativepeople.ForDollis,thesewingsessionmarkedareturntonormalcyandanopportunitytocontinuesharingthisNewOrleanstraditionhelearnedfromhisfather.Itendseachspringwhentribesacrossthecityunveiltheiryear’swork:Ahand-beadedmasterpieceofcolorandfeathers—anewsuit—thatshinesinthesouthernsunlightasthetribessing,dance,andshowoffhowprettytheyare.Traditionally,MardiGrasIndianshavebutafewdaystoweartheirsuits,includingMardiGrasDayandSt.Joseph’sDayinMarch.Thecoronavirus,however,interruptedthistradition.NewOrleansofficialsshutdownpubliceventsandbeganenforcingsocialdistancingjustdaysbeforeSt.Joseph’s.Insteadofparadingonthestreetswithhistribe,Dollissatathomethatnightandcried.“Thatwasaheartbreaker.”hesaid.FormanyofNewOrleans’chefs,musicians,dancers,MardiGrasIndians,singers,andstreetperformers,thecoronavirushasmeantalossofincome,opportunity,andstability.Forsome,it’sbroughtsicknessandgrief.Andforall,ithaschallengedhowtheyidentifyandexpressthemselves.Butthiscityhasbeenforgedbychallengeforhundredsofyears.Overitshistory,onethinghasproventrue:NewOrleanscannotbeinfected,flooded,burned,ordefeated.“Adisasterisadisaster.Hardtimesarehardtimes,”saidDollis.“Weknoweveryyearweshouldexpectahurricane,sowe’repsychologicallypreparedtohandleit....Everyyear,wemakeanewsuit.It’sinthegenes.”56.WhichoneofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthedescriptionofthesewingSundayinParagraph2?A.Sewingisayearlycollectiveactivityamongthetribe.B.Thetribemembersareenjoyingcontinuingtheirroutine.C.Nothingcanchangetherulethechiefsetsabouttheget-together.D.Afewmoretribepeoplehavebeenscaredawaybysocialdistancingrules.57.DolliscriedonthenightoftheSt.Joseph’sDaybecause________.A.socialdistancingruleswerejustrelaxed. B.howtorecovereconomywasaheadache.C.achancetoidentifythetribeslippedaway. D.paradingwithoutafinesuitwasheartbreaking.58.Theunderlinedword“forged”inParagraph6isclosestinmeaningto________.A.conquered B.replaced C.faked D.formed59.WhydidDollismention“ahurricane”attheendofthepassage?A.TooffersupportfortheattackofhurricanestoNewOrleans.B.Toproposeawaytokeepnaturaldisastersundercontrol.C.Torecommendtheneedtoacceptthefalloftradition.D.Topresentthedeterminationtopreservethecity.(B)EnjoyanamazingtimeinLakeTahoe,CA,withthefantasticshow,MagicFusion!Thisfantasticdisplayfeaturesavarietyoftalentedmagicianswhoeachtaketothestagewiththeirownflare,tricksandillusionsthatwillhavetheaudienceontheedgeoftheirseats.PresentedbytheamazingLoftTheatre,thisshowhasfeaturedmanylegendarymagicians,suchasRobertHallandChipperLowell.Eacheveningstarsadifferentmagicianaswell,soyoucanenjoyavarietyoftalentedperformersalonthesamestage.Itisgreatforallages,soyoucanbringtheentirefamilyalongtobeexcitedandentertainedduringthis75-minuteperformance.Youneverknowwhatyoumaysee,sodonotmissout!AbouttheTheatreTheLoftTheatreisLakeTahoe’spremierplaceforentertainmentanddeliciousfood.Sowhynotaddamouth-wateringmealtoyourthrillingnightoutbygrabbingamealbeforehand?ThefoodcourtislocatedintheextremelypopularHeavenlyVillageareaofLakeTahoenexttosparklingfountainsandthefamousHeavenlyToyShop.Italsofeaturealounge,andguestswhoarriveearlycanenjoyfood,fun,andmagicianswhowillwowyouwithtricksforthatextradoseofentertainment!Foranamazingexperiencethatyouwillnotsoonforget,besuretoenjoythisfantasticperformanceattheLoftTheatre!MagicFusionRegularandVIPSeatingEnjoythisamazingshowthatwillkeepyouguessingwithtonsofgreattricksandillusionstokeepyouandyourwholefamilyentertained.Youcanbeontheedgeofyourseatthisoptionofregularseatingtowitnessthisfantasticshow,orexperiencetheMagicFusionshowinthebestseatspossible.Orderyourticketstoday!ActivityAvailability:60.WhatcanwelearnaboutMagicFusion?A.Itisintendedforallmembersofafamily.B.Thedisplaywilllastforoneandahalfhours.C.Differentperformerswillbeperformingtogether.D.Peopleintheaudiencewillbeinvitedonstageduringtheshow.61.TheLoftTheatre________.A.sitsinafamousdenselypopulatedareaB.iswell-knownforitssurroundingsceneryC.servesfoodbeforeandaftertheperformanceD.providesthosewhoarriveearlywithextrafun62.Whatistrueaboutthescheduleoftheperformances?A.Theshowstartsat9:00pmeveryTuesday.B.TheperformanceonFridayfinishesrelativelyearly.C.TherearetwoperformancesavailableeverySunday.D.VIPseatingisofferedonlyoncertaindaysoftheweek.(C)Theworldisastage,andnowmenandwomenaren’ttheonlyplayers.AMicrosoftresearcher’sanalysisusingartificialintelligencetobreakdownShakespeareisagreattrickshowingoffsomeshinysoftware.Butit’salsoareminderinanincreasinglyautomatedageofwhatexactlymakesushuman.TheMicrosoftprojectusesnaturallanguage-processingtechniquestomapoutemotionsinWilliamShakespeare’stext.Thetestisdesignedtopromptpeoplewhoalready(atleastsortof)understandShakespearetoconsiderhisworksinnewways,andtohelpthosewhohavetroubleunderstandinghisworks,tobecomebetterininterpretingtheircomplexity.Romeo,itrevealsincolorfulgraphs,feelseverythingmorekeenlythanhisCapuletloverJuliet,despiteprevailingstereotypesofstoicmasculinity(斯多葛派的男子气概).KingLeartellsastoryofsteadydecline,whereasCoriolanushashighsandlowstosignalitstwistynarrative-drivenride.Asusefulaneducationaltoolasthissystemmightbe,theBard’sgreatestadmirersmaybeunabletoresistraisinganeyebrow.Doreadersreallyneedanalgorithm(算法)totellthemthatRomeoiseye-rollinglymopey(无精打采)orthatthingsgomoreorlessrightforMacbethuntiltheystartgoingverywrong?Isn’titpartofthepointofstudyingShakespearetodaythatit’soverwhelmingandforeignuntil,suddenly,it’sfamiliar?Theseobjectionsmightallbesecondarytoamorepowerfulfear:ThethoughtthatacomputercanreadShakespearejustaswellaswecanseemstotakethehumanoutofthehumanities.Therefore,itisreassuringtolearnthat,advancedasmachine-learninghasbecomeandasfar-reachingastheimplicationsofthetechnologymaybe,Microsoft’stoolthoughtthatTheComedyofErrorswas,well,atragedy.That’sbecausetheslapstickphysicalityintheplayconfusedit.Algorithmshavetroubledistinguishingfriendlyteasingfromcruelmockery(嘲弄),whichwouldpuzzleanycomputerthattriedtomakesenseofMercutio.Sarcasmisanongoingcomputationaldilemma.Noneofthisshouldsurpriseanyonewhofollowssocialmediasiteslosingbattlesagainstracisttrolls,whosetendencytomaskracisminironymakestheirpostsdifficulttodeletethroughtheuseofautomatedcontentmoderationtools.Inthatcontext,algorithmicshortcomingsareaburden.BalancingthebenefitsmorehumanlikeAIcouldbringwiththeriskforabuseisatoughtaskfromapracticalpointofview.Fromamorehumanone,however,itcanbehardnottohopethetideoftechnologicalchangewillrollinslowly.Thosehiddenmeanings,mystifyingrelationshipsandevengroan-worthypuns(双关)thatbeatmachinesarewhatmakeShake-speareShakespeare.They’realsowhatmakeusus.63.Inparagraph2,thewritermentionsRomeo,Juliet,KingLearandCoriolanusinorderto________.A.highlightAl’sdifferentunderstandingofShakespeareB.provethattherearevariouswaystounderstandShakespeareC.illustratethecomplexityinunderstandingShakespeareD.showhowtechnologymayhelpusbetterunderstandShakespeare64.WhydomanypeopleobjecttotheideaofAIreadingShakespeare?A.BecauseAIcanonlyreadmorefamiliarliteraryworks.B.BecausereadingShakespeareislikeawalkinthepark.C.Becausehumanbeingsareamustinliteratureanalysis.D.Becausecomputersoftenmisinterprethowacharacterfeels.65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itisquiteuncertainwhethertechnologicalchangewilloccur.B.WeshouldtakeAl’sadvantagesanddisadvantagesintoaccount.C.ThattheAlwronglyclassifiedTheComedyofErrorsisfearsome.D.Algorithmsoftenfailtoidentifythetrueintentionsbehindhumanlanguage.66.Whichofthefollowingbestservesasthetitleforthepassage?A.InterpretationofShakespeareSuffers-IsThereAnyFix?B.MachinesCan’tQuiteCrackShakespeare-That’saRelief!C.ShakespeareNoLongerExistsinAutomation-IsThatTrue?D.AIRevitalizesShakespeare—WhatanAmazingBreakthrough!SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Itjustdependsonwhatsortofworkyou’redoing.B.However,difficulttasksalreadydemandalotofourresources.C.However,participantswholistenedtocomplexmusicperformedbestontheeasytask.D.Ourresearchfindingssuggestthattheeffectsofmusicmayalsodependonourpersonalities.E.Wecanbecomeboredandourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesareunderutilized.F.Itcanactuallybehelpfultoputonsomemusicwhenyouworkonsomethingeasyandrepetitive.Shouldyoulistentomusicwhenyouwork?Doyouliketolistentomusicwhenyouwork?Posethisquestionataparty,andyou’lprobablygetsomepolarizingresponses.Somewillsaytheyloveit,claimingthatitimprovestheirperformance;otherswillsaytheyfinditdistractingandcannotworkeffectivelywithmusicplayinginthebackground.Interestinglyenough,ourresearchhasfoundthatbothoftheseperspectivescanbetrue.___67___Inarecentstudy,webroughtparticipantsintoourlabtoperformavarietyoftasks.Theyincludedaneasytask-searchingthroughwordlistsandcrossingoutwordscontainingtheletter“a”andamoredifficulttask-memorizingwordpairsandrecallingthepartnertoeachword.Someparticipantscompletedallofthetasksinsilence,whereasotherscompletedthetaskswithinstrumentalmusicthatwaseitherloudorsoft,andeithersimpleorcomplex,thelattermeaningmusicwithmoreinstrumentaltracks.Severalkeyfindingsemergedfromourstudy.Wefoundthatparticipantswholistenedtosimplemusicornomusicperformedaboutthesameontheeasytask.___68___Converselyparticipantsperformedworseonthemoredifficulttaskwhentheylistenedtoanymusic,regardlessofcomplexityorvolume,comparedtothosewhodidn’tlistentoanymusic.Whatshouldwemakeofthesefindings?Wesuggestthatpeoplehavelimitedmentalresourcesfromwhichbothmusicandtaskscandraw.___69___Butwealsocanbecomeoverstimulatedanddistractedwhentheseresourcesareoverwhelmed.Notsurprisingly,wetypicallyneedtousefewerofourmentalresourceswhenweperformeasytasks,whereasdemandingtasksrequiremorebrainpower.However,becausewemightbelessengagedduringeasiertasks,there’sagreaterriskofdriftingoff.Musicmightgiveustheextraboostweneedtoplowthroughthemonotony(单调).___70___Listeningtomusiccanbecomeoverkill.Sooptimalperformanceshouldoccurwhenwestrikea“sweets