新世纪Book+1课后练习

TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(letalone)Thebabycan’tevencrawlyet,letalonewalk!(2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim,inone’sopinion）Willclaimedhewasdiningwithagroupoffriendsatthetimeofthemurder,butinmyopinionhetoldalie.

1(3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(toacertainextent,relate…to…,copewith）Toacertainextentthespeedofreadingiscloselyrelatedtoreadingskills;andwithreadingskillsyoucancopewithoutsideclassreadingbetter.

(4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(accordingto）

Accordingtotheregulation/rule,theybothcanplaythegame/participateinthegame.

2(5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume,equivalent)SomepeopleassumethatthereisaChineseequivalentforeveryJapaneseword.(6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant)Wehavepassedallrelevantinformationontothepolice.(7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’snouse)

ThereisnouseaskingmeanymorequestionsaboutthatmatterbecauseIwon’tanswer.3(8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(onone’spart)ItwasamistakeonJim’sparttosignthecontractwithoutreadingitcarefully.

(9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide…with)Theyrefusedtoprovideuswithalltheinformationweneed.

(10)这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similarto)Thisaccidentisverysimilartotheonethathappenedthreeyearsago.

4(11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(baseon)ThefilmisbasedonaplaybyShakespeare.

(12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(haveanadvantageover)IfyouhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandcomputerskills,youwillsurelyhaveanadvantageoverothersinfindingajob.52.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.EnglishteachingmethodshavechangedalotInrecentyears.However,agreatdealofteachingisstillbasedonbehavioristpsychology.Teacherswhobelieveinbehavioristpsychologyarefondofmakingtheirstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingthemdoexerciseswheretheycontinuallyhavetochangeonewordinasentence.Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Butwearenot.Humancommunicationmustberealandmeaningful.6近年来英语教学法有了很大改变，但是还是有大量的教学活动建立在行为主义心理学基础之上。那些信奉行为主义心理学理论的教师热衷于让学生复述短语，并迫使学生做一些只需不断更换句中某个词的练习。假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那么这些方法或许能奏效。但是我们不是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，人类的语言交际必须是真实、有意义的。7Unittwo

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness8TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.(1)很多老师不赞同这种做法。(frownon)

Manyteachersfrownedonthispractice.

(2)当我想从草地上穿过去的时候，有位老人在旁边怒视着我。(glareat)AnoldmanglaredatmewhenIwastryingtocutacrossthelawn.

9(3)当我提到我的父亲时,她的脸上露出了认出我的笑容。(recognition)WhenImentionedmyfather,sheshowedasmileofrecognitiononherface.

(4)我的大孩子比较听话,而小的那个非常倔。我现在还常回想起小的孩子在中学毕业后是如何执意要出国读书的。(whereas,stubborn,recall)

Myfirstbornwasquiteobedient,whereasmyyoungerchildwasverystubborn.Icanstillrecallnowhowtheyoungerchildinsistedongoingabroadtostudyafterhefinishedhissecondaryschool.

10(5)当海啸(tsunami)袭来时，许多东南亚国家遭受了巨大的损失。(sustain)

CountriesinSouthEastAsiasustainedgreatlosseswhenthetsunamistruckthearea.(6)每当做母亲的拿弟弟跟哥哥做比较，弟弟就要抗议。（comparewith,protest）Everytimethemothertriestocomparetheyoungerbrotherwithhiselderbrother,theyoungeronewillprotest.

11(7)当他初到这个新学校的时候，发现自己与其他同学格格不入。(fitinwith)

Hefoundhimselfunabletofitinwithhisclassmateswhenhefirstcametothisschool.(8)她脸上气急败坏的表情实在把我吓坏了。我再也不敢说个不字。(terrify)Thefuryonherfaceterrifiedme.Idarednotsaynotoheragain.

12(9)怪不得你最后闯出祸来，原来你从来不听你父母的管教。(nowonder,endupintrouble)Nowonderyouendedupintrouble.Youneverfollowedyourparents’advice.

(10)他花了整整两年的时间才慢慢适应了这个新环境。(adaptto)

Ittookhimtwoyearstoadapttothenewenvironment.

132.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.MyparentsmovedtoVermontwhenIwasstillaninfantandmyfather,asoft-spokenman,settledquietlyintohismedicalpracticeinasmalltownthere.HesoonwontherespectofthelocalpeopleandeverywhereIwent,Iwasknownas"DoctorEmploy'sson”.Atfirst,IwasdelightedasIwaswelltreatedbymyclassmatesandteachersbecauseIhadarespectedfather.However,thingssoonchangedwhenIgrewup.Igottiredofbeingfollowedbymyfather’sgoodnameandIwantedindependence.Ibecameverystubbornandrebelliousandstartedtocallmyfatherbyhisfirstname,whichhurthimagreatdeal.Oneday,however,somethinghappenedthatchangedmyattitudecompletely.

14我还是个婴儿的时候,我的父母亲搬到了佛蒙特州。我那温文而雅的父亲在那儿的一个小镇上毫不张扬地开业行医了。很快，他就赢得了当地人对他的尊敬。我每到一处,也被人尊称为埃普利医生的儿子。一开始我很高兴同学和老师们因为我有一个受人尊敬的父亲而善待我.但随着我的长大,事情起了变化。我开始讨厌父亲的好名声像影子一样跟着我。我要独立。我变得顽固倔强又反叛，还开始对我父亲直呼其名，令他伤透了心。但有一天，发生了一件事令我的态度彻底改变了。

15UnitThereEnhanceYourLanguageAwareness16TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.威廉非常喜欢那女孩子,所以他尽力讨好她，并且很有信心可以赢得她的心。(impress；optimistic)Williamlikesthegirlalotsohetriesveryhardtoimpressherandisoptimisticthathewillwinherheart.

(2)他有创造性，对未来也有很好的判断力,可就是喜欢秘而不宣。(creative;vision;keepsth.tooneself)Heisverycreativeandhasagoodvisionofthefuture,buthelikestokeepthingstohimself.

17(3)他们来自一个贫穷的小山村，那里的人们远离现代文明。(shutoff)Theycamefromapoorvillagewherepeoplewereshutofffrommoderncivilization.

(4)我们要努力工作，争取达到我们所订下的目标。(achievethegoals;makean/theeffort)

Wemustworkhardandmakeanefforttoachievethegoalsthatwehaveset.

18(5)我们应该满足于我们所拥有的一切,不该对周围的事情过分吹毛求疵。(becontentwith;critical)Weshouldlearntobecontentwithallthatwehaveandshouldnotbetoocriticalaboutthingsaroundus.

(6)他们经常代表学校参加辩论比赛;今晚我们将聚会庆祝他们的成功。(represent;throwaparty)Theyoftenrepresentourschoolindebatingcompetitions;tonightwewillthrowapartytocelebratetheirsuccess.19(7)通过读书,他不仅开阔了视野，而且学会了不断完善自己的人格。(expandone’shorizons；improve).Throughreading,notonlyhasheexpandedhishorizon,hehasalsolearnedtokeepimprovinghischaracter.(8)为把那个女孩从火中救出，两名警察牺牲了他们的生命。(sacrifice)Twopolicemensacrificedtheirlivesinordertosavethatgirlfromthefire.20(9)稳定的无冲突的夫妻关系对家庭中的孩子有好处。

(stable,conflict)Astablerelationshipwithoutconflictsbetweenhusbandandwifebenefitsthechildreninthefamily.212.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Therearemanytheoriesofpersonalitybutthereisnonethatisrightorwrong.Theviewsofpsychologistsvary.Therefore,itisnoteasytosaythatapersonismentallyillunlesshe/sheshowsveryclearindicators.OnethingPsychologistsmayagreeonaboutmentalillnessesIsthatmostpeoplebecomeemotionallyormentallysickasaresultofstress.Thatiswhyitisimportantforeveryonetofindwaystorelaxandhavefun.

22虽然有许多关于性格的理论，但是任何一个都没有绝对地对错之分，因为每个心理学家对性格的观点都有所不同。所以,除非某个人已有明显的症状，否则很难断定这个人患有精神疾病。心理学家普遍认可绝大多数人是因为过度的压力才引起情感和精神上的疾病。所以重要的是人们要去寻找可以让自己放松、开心的方法。23UnitfourEnhanceYourLanguageAwareness24TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.我们一知道成绩就互相联系吧!(getintouch,assoonas)Let’sgetintouchassoonasweknowtheresultsofthetest/exam.(2)那音乐激起他强烈的思乡之情。(arouse)Themusicarousedanintensefeelingofhomesicknessinhim.

25(3)你已工作一个上午了，该休息一下了。(deserve)You’vebeenworkingallmorning–youdeservearestnow.(4)我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。(nosooner…than…)Ihadnosoonerlaindownthanthetelephonerang.Or:NosoonerhadIlaindownthanthetelephonerang.

26(5)医生说我疲劳过度，劝我不要再接受更多的工作。(takeon)MydoctorsaysI’mtootiredandhasadvisedmenottotakeonanymorework.(6)珍妮自愿负责聚会后的清洁打扫工作。(volunteer)Jennyvolunteeredtoclearupafterthegathering.

27(7)演讲的题目提前一个星期宣布，但是演讲者的名字不会提前告知。(inadvance)Thesubjectofthetalkisannouncedaweekinadvance,butthenameofthespeakerisnot.

(8)你的考试成绩没有达到所要求的标准，换句话说，你考试不及格。(inotherwords)Yourperformanceintheexamdidnotreachtherequiredstandard–inotherwords,youfailed.

28(9)她病得很厉害，必须停止工作。(leaveoff)

Shewassoillthatshehadtoleaveoffwork.(10)现在没办法知道结果会怎样，案子的决定权在法官手里，我们所能做的就是等待。(inthehandsof)

Thereisnowaytotellwhatisgoingtohappen.Thecaseisinthehandsofthejudge,andallwecoulddois(to)wait.292.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Whenpeoplebecomeveryold,likegrandparentsorgreat-grandparents,theyaresometimesunabletotakecareofthemselves.Theybecomeill,ortheyfalldownandbreakahip,ormaybetheyjustcan’trememberhowtoputtheirpyjamason.Sometimestheyarestillhealthybuttheyarelivingaloneandbecomeverylonely.Afamilymaythengettogetheranddecideifitwouldbebetterfortheiragingrelativetoliveinaplacewherehe/shewillreceivegoodcare–inahomefortheaged.

30当人们变得很老时，像祖父母或曾祖父母那样，他们有时不再能够照顾自己。他们会生病，或者摔倒而折断股骨，或者他们根本都不记得该如何穿睡衣。有时候虽然有些老人看起来还健康，但是因为他们自己独居，所以觉得很孤单。这时候全家人要碰个头，商讨一下让他们日渐衰老的家人去养老院去居住是否是一个较好的办法，因为在那里他们可以得到更好的照顾。31Unitfive

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness32TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.我们是好朋友，可他居然将这么大的一件事瞒着我，实在令我吃惊。（keepsth.from,takesb.bysurprise）Wearegoodfriends;however,hekeptsuchanimportantmatterfromme,whichtookmebysurprise.(2)考试得不得一百分不要紧。重要的是别失去自信心。（matter,loseconfidencein）

Itdoesn’tmatterifyoucannotgetfullmarksfortheexam;whatmattersisnottoloseconfidenceinyourself.

33(3)昨天晚上他和我聊天，并安慰我说，这种病并不难治，还没人死于这种病。（chatwith,assure，dieof）

Hechattedwithmelastnightandreassuredmethatthediseasewasnothardtocureandthatnobodyhadeverdiedofit.

(4)她决心用钢铁般的意志来克服生活中的种种障碍。（determined,awillofiron,obstacle

Shewasdeterminedtoovercomealltheobstaclesinherlifewithawillofiron.

34(5)事实是他早就收到我的钱了，却有意不给我回条确认。这实在让我气坏了。（turnout,acknowledge,drivesb.crazy）Itturnedoutthathehadalreadyreceivedmymoney,butdidnotacknowledgethereceiptofitonpurpose.Thisreallydrovemecrazy.

(6)他是个害羞和沉静的男孩，在走上讲台叙述自己的经历之前，他悄悄地坐在礼堂的一角集思冥想。（gatherone’sthoughts）Heisashyandsilentboy.Beforehewentontothestagetosharehisexperiences,hesatquietlyinacorneroftheauditorium,gatheringhisthoughts.

35(7)他当场承认他要出国留学，因为他相信国外的教育会给他将来的研究工作打开大门。(admit,spot,opendoors/thedoorto)Headmittedonthespotthathewouldgooverseasforfurtherstudyashebelievedoverseaseducationwouldopenthedoortohisfutureresearch.

(8)看到自己的侄女几年内就长成了一个美丽的姑娘，玛丽的叔叔的脸上满是笑容。（turninto,lightup）Mary’suncle’sfacelitupwhenhesawhisniecehadturnedintoaprettyyoungladyinjustafewyears.

362.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.MygrandmawasveryhappytoseethatIhadturnedintoastrongyoungmanwhenIwentbacktovisither.Wechattedandrecalledsomeeventsfrommychildhood.Halfwaythrough,mygrandmasighedandsaid,“MaybeI’llneverbeabletoseeyouagain.”Igotashockandgavehermyarched-eyebrowinquiries,notknowingwhatmadehersaysomethingsodisturbing.Wesatinsilenceforawhileandmygrandma’seyesfilledwithtears.Shefinallytoldmethatthedoctorsaidshehadaseriousheartproblemandshehadalreadysufferedafewattacks.Inspiteofcontinuoustreatment,herconditionhadnotimprovedyet.Iblamedmygrandmaforkeepingthebadnewsfrommeandtoldherthattheremustbeoptions.Sheshookherhead.Ireachedoverandtightenedmyarmsaroundher,wishingthatwecouldhavemoretimetogether.

37我回去看我外婆的时候,她非常高兴地看到我已长成一个健壮的小伙子。我们一起聊天，回忆我小时候的一些事情。谈到一半的时候，外婆突然叹了一口气说，“大概以后再也见不到你了。”她的话使我震惊得拱起了眉头，不明白她为什么说出这么令人不安的话来。我们静静地坐了一会儿，外婆的眼里噙满泪水。她终于告诉我说，医生诊断出她得了严重的心脏病，已经发作了好几次，也一直在治疗，但情况一点也没有进展。我怪外婆一直把这坏消息瞒着我，并告诉她一定会有办法医治的，她却摇头否认。我伸出双臂抱着外婆，多么希望我们能在一起度过更多的时间。

38Unitsix

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness39TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.直起身来，脚要跟上音乐拍子。(straightenup,keeptimeto)Straightenup!Yourfeetshouldkeeptimetotherhythmofthemusic.

(2)她将一张纸条悄悄地塞在了他的手中。他看了以后很不高兴，以为她在取笑他（slipinto,makefunof）Sheslippedanoteintohishand.Hewasveryunhappyafterreadingit,ashethoughtthatshewasmakingfunofhim.

40(3)小偷被抓住时，求我们饶恕他。他说他偷食物是因为他的妈妈快饿死了,家里几乎一点吃的都没有了。（plead,barely）

Thethiefpleadedforourmercywhenhewascaught.Hesaidhehadstolenthefoodbecausehismotherwasstarvingtodeathandtherewasbarelyanyfoodleftinthehouse.

(4)既然他们要求更多的电力供应，我们应该满足他们的需要，减轻他们的压力。(request,release）Theyhavemadearequestformoreelectricitysupplies,whichweshouldsatisfyinordertoreleasethemfromthepressuretheyareunder.41(5)他们将酒瓶传了一圈，每人喝了一口后，就向森林深处走去。（maketherounds，setoutfor）

Theymadetheroundswiththewinebottle;eachtookagulpandthentheysetoutfortheforest.

(6)我的电视机坏了,我马上在网上订购了一台新的。网上商店会派人送货上门。（breakdown,deliver）MyTVsetbrokedown;Ihaveorderedanewoneonlineandtheshopisgoingtohaveitdeliveredtothedoor.

42(7)他的话令所有的人不快，大家都停止了吃饭。过了一会儿，大家继续吃饭，但每个人都看上去心事重重。（resume,weighon）Hiswordsmadeeveryoneunhappyandstopeating.Afterawhile,theyresumedeating,buttheyalllookedasifsomethingwasweighingontheirminds.(8)像他这么一个一向温文尔雅的人居然如此粗鲁地打断我们。我们都无法置信地看着他。(interrupt，indisbelief）Westaredathimindisbelief,astonishedthatsomeoneasgentleasheiscouldinterruptussorudely.

432.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.LastChristmasEve,wehadabadtripandwhenwecheckedintoashabbyhotelinNice,therewasnoChristmasspiritinourhearts.WhenwewentintoaboringlookingrestaurantforourChristmasdinner,thingsdidnotseemtoimproveabit.However,themiserableeveninginthisdullrestaurantendedupbeingtheverybestChristmasEvewehadeverexperiencedjustbecauseofayoungsailorwhohadChristmasspiritinhissoul.Hereleasedtheloveandjoythathadbeensmotheredwithinusbyangeranddisappointment.HegaveusChristmas.44去年圣诞节除夕,我们的旅途诸多不顺。当我们住进尼斯一家肮脏而昏暗的旅馆时,我们的心中已无任何圣诞节的感觉可言。我们进入一家看上去很乏味的饭馆吃饭时,情况一点也没有好转。但是,在这沉闷饭馆中度过的不愉快的夜晚最后却变成我们所度过的最好的圣诞前夜，这一切都是因为那个充满了圣诞精神的美国水手。他将我们心中被愤怒和失望压抑的爱和欢乐释放出来.他带给了我们圣诞节。45Unitseven

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness46TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninbrackets.(1)我们刚开始一个新的工作，肯定会有很多东西不熟悉。(beboundto）

Wheneverwestartanewjob,thereareboundTobealotofthingswemaynotbefamiliarwith.(2)这种新药已经成功地用在动物身上，但这并不意味着它在人类身上也适用。(beappliedto）

Thisnewmedicine/drughassuccessfullybeenusedonanimals,butthisdoesn’tmeanthatitcanbeappliedtohumans.47(3)他这次演讲比赛没能得第一名主要是因为他缺乏信心。(lackof)

Hisfailuretowinthefirstprizeinthespeechcompetitionislargelyduetohislackofconfidence.(4)对于一般人来说，忧郁症（depression）很容易跟压力混淆，因为忧郁症也可以是某些压力的反应。(beconfusedwith)

Tothegeneralpublic,depressioncanbeeasilyconfusedwithstress,asitmaybearesponsetosometypesofstress.48(5)世界粮食的生产将越来越难跟上世界人口的日益增长。(keeppacewith)

Itisbecomingincreasinglydifficultforworldfoodproductiontokeeppacewiththecontinuingoftheworld’spopulation.(6)要成功地得到一份工作，需要很多因素一起发挥作用，这些因素包括你的技能、文凭和工作经验。(comeintoplay)

Tosuccessfullygetajob,alotoffactorsneedtocomeintoplay,includingyourskills,diplomaandworkexperience.492.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.Thekeytoreflectivelisteningistheabilitytolisteninanon-judgmentalway—tolistenforunderstandingandnotforagreement.Howdoesonelearntobeamoreattentiveandreflectivelistener?Theprocessgoeslikethis.Sitdownoppositethespeakerinarelaxed,attentivemanner.Letthespeakerbegintalkingaboutspecificideasorfeelingsthatheorsheisexperiencingandwantstoshare.Payfullattentiontoboththeverbalandnonverballanguage.Afterfourorfivesentences,stopthespeakerwith“letmeseeifIamunderstandingyou.”Then,repeatbackinyourownwordswhatyouheardandthefeelingsyoupickedupon:“Yousaid...”,“Youfelt...”,“Wasthataccurate?”Ifthespeakersaysitwasnotaccurate,askforaclarificationoftheportionofthemessagethatwasmisunderstoodorincorrect.Oncethisisclarifiedforbothofyou,thenthespeakercangoonforanotherfewsentences,andthereflectionprocesscontinues.Remember,thegoalforboththespeakerandlistenerisunderstanding,notagreement.

50回应式聆听的关键是要能够不加论断地聆听，即为理解而听，而不是为达成一致而听。我们如何可以成为更专心及回应式的听众呢？过程是这样的。坐在说话人的对面，身体放松，注意力集中。让说话人开始讲述他正经历或想要分享的情感或具体的想法。对言语或非言语的信息都要注意。当说话人说完四、五句话的时候，打断说话人，说，“让我看看我有没有听明白你的话。”然后，用你自己的话重复你刚才所听到的信息或感受的情感：“你刚才说…”，“你的感觉是…”，“我说得对吗？”如果说话人说不对，则要求说话人澄清一下他没听明白或听错的部分。当你们两个都明白后，说话人就可以继续说下面几句话，回应的过程又重新开始。记住：说话人和听话人的目的都是为了理解，而不是达成一致。51Uniteight